急性脑梗死患者血浆D-二聚体水平变化及其与病情和预后的关系研究

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血浆D-二聚体水平变化及其与病情和预后的关系。方法选取常熟市第二人民医院神经内科2012年收治的259例急性脑梗死患者作为梗死组,选取同期200例体检健康者作为对照组,梗死组患者于入院24 h内、对照组受检者于体检当日清晨空腹采集静脉血检测血浆D-二聚体水平。按入院当天美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分将梗死组患者分为轻型(0~15分)组129例、中型(16~25分)组92例、重型(26~33分)组38例。按预后(即住院4周时NIHSS评分)将梗死组患者分为好转组182例和无好转组77例。比较对照组与梗死组、梗死组各亚组间血浆D-二聚体水平及D-二聚体异常率。结果梗死组血浆D-二聚体水平为(0.46±0.52)mg/L、D-二聚体异常率43.2%,均高于对照组的(0.13±0.29)mg/L、1.0%(P0.05)。轻型组患者血浆D-二聚体水平为(0.27±0.13)mg/L、D-二聚体异常率30.5%,分别低于中型组的(0.42±0.28)mg/L、47.8%,中型组又低于重型组的(0.65±0.32)mg/L、76.3%(P0.05)。好转组患者血浆D-二聚体水平为(0.31±0.26)mg/L、D-二聚体异常率32.9%,低于无好转组的(0.57±0.29)mg/L、67.5%(P0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者血浆D-二聚体水平明显升高,且血浆D-二聚体水平越高患者病情越严重、预后越差。     

不同中医辨证分型急性脑梗死患者血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原水平及纤溶酶原活性变化及其与气虚血瘀型急性脑梗死的关系研究

目的分析不同中医辨证分型急性脑梗死患者血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平及纤溶酶原活性(PLG:A)变化,并探讨其与气虚血瘀型急性脑梗死的关系。方法选取2015年1月—2017年4月上海中医药大学附属曙光医院收治的急性脑梗死患者63例作为研究组,其中痰湿蒙神型17例、风火上扰型22例、气虚血瘀型24例;另选取同期在本院体检健康者60例作为对照组。比较两组受试者、不同中医辨证分型急性脑梗死患者血浆D-二聚体、FIB水平及PLG:A、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分;血浆D-二聚体、FIB水平及PLG:A与气虚血瘀型急性脑梗死患者NIHSS评分的相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析;绘制ROC曲线以评价血浆D-二聚体、FIB水平及PLG:A联合检测对气虚血瘀型急性脑梗死的诊断价值。结果 (1)研究组患者血浆D-二聚体、FIB水平及NIHSS评分高于对照组,PLG:A低于对照组(P0.05)。(2)气虚血瘀型急性脑梗死患者血浆D-二聚体水平、NIHSS评分高于痰湿蒙神型、风火上扰型急性脑梗死患者,血浆FIB水平高于风火上扰型急性脑梗死患者,PLG:A低于风火上扰型急性脑梗死患者(P0.05)。(3)Pearson相关分析结果显示,血浆D-二聚体(r=0.609)、FIB(r=0.706)水平与气虚血瘀型急性脑梗死患者NIHSS评分呈正相关,PLG:A(r=-0.718)与气虚血瘀型急性脑梗死患者NIHSS评分呈负相关(P0.05)。(4)ROC曲线显示,血浆D-二聚体、FIB水平及PLG:A联合检测诊断气虚血瘀型急性脑梗死的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.740[95%CI(0.706,0.844)],灵敏度为59.2%,特异度为84.2%,最佳截断值为1.397。结论不同中医辨证分型急性脑梗死患者血浆D-二聚体、FIB水平均升高,PLG:A均降低;血浆D-二聚体、FIB水平及PLG:A与气虚血瘀型急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损程度有关,且三者联合检测对气虚血瘀型急性脑梗死的诊断价值较高。     

老年社区获得性肺炎与D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原的相关性

目的观察血浆D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原对评估老年社区获得性肺炎病情严重程度及预后的价值。方法选择65例老年社区获得性肺炎患者(≥60岁)以及40例中青年患者(18~59岁),比较2组血浆D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原水平;老年患者以30 d为界分为生存组及死亡组。结果老年组血浆D-二聚体水平明显高于中青年组[(2.50±3.21)mg/L比(1.20±1.49)mg/L,P=0.006]。老年患者发生脓毒血症组血浆D-二聚体水平显著高于非脓毒血症组[(3.37±3.79)mg/L比(1.41±1.84)mg/L,P=0.009];死亡患者D-二聚体升高较生存者更为明显[(7.94±3.90)mg/L比(1.63±2.05)mg/L,P=0.001]。以上各组分析中纤维蛋白原水平均无统计学差异(P0.05)。D-二聚体预测老年社区获得性肺炎患者发生脓毒血症的ROC曲线下面积为0.700(95%CI:0.573~0.827),P=0.006;预测死亡风险的ROC曲线下面积为0.931(95%CI:0.840~1.000),P0.001。结论 D-二聚体对评估老年社区获得性肺炎病情严重程度及预后有较好的价值。     

脑电生物反馈对脑梗死患者D-二聚体的影响

目的探讨超脑电生物反馈对脑梗死患者的纤溶系统指标D-二聚体(D-dimer)的影响。方法共选取发病72h内入院的急性脑梗死患者126例,运用随机数字表法分为脑电生物反馈治疗组(治疗组)62例及常规治疗组(对照组)64例,2组患者均接受神经内科常规药物治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上给予脑电生物反馈治疗。所有患者在入院时及治疗2周后进行血浆D-二聚体的检测及美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分。结果经2周治疗后,治疗组有效率(88.7%)明显优于常规治疗组(68.7%,P0.05);2组患者入院时D-二聚体水平高于阴性对照组(P0.05),2周后2组D-二聚体水平较入院时降低(P0.05),且治疗组变化幅度较对照组显著(P0.05)。结论脑电生物反馈治疗能下调D-二聚体,对脑梗死患者的神经功能有显著改善作用。     

D-二聚体联合纤维蛋白降解产物预测急性主动脉夹层院内死亡风险的研究

目的:探讨入院时D-二聚体联合纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP)水平对急性主动脉夹层患者发生院内死亡的预测价值。方法:回顾性收集中南大学湘雅二医院2017年1月至2017年12月383例急性主动脉夹层住院患者的病例资料,男性307例(80.16%),平均年龄(52.72±12.26)岁。收集生存组(n=317)和死亡组(n=66)患者的一般资料、既往病史、入院血压、治疗方式以及生化指标等,采用单因素及多因素回归分析探讨院内死亡危险因素,应用ROC曲线评价预测价值,比较两预测模型ROC曲线的AUC以评价预测价值。结果:本组急性主动脉夹层患者的院内死亡率为17.23%(66/383)。死亡组的D-二聚体水平[9.39(4.03, 19.68)μg/ml vs. 3.66(2.04, 8.82)μg/ml]、FDP水平[36.90(23.41, 69.11)μg/ml vs. 14.96(6.95, 35.81)μg/ml]、Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者比例、非手术治疗比例均明显高于生存组(P均0.05),入院舒张压低于生存组(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,D-二聚体水平(OR=1.04,95%CI:1.00～1.08,P0.05)和FDP水平(OR=1.01,95%CI:1.00～1.01,P0.05)是患者死亡的独立危险因素。D-二聚体水平预测患者院内死亡的AUC为0.748(95%CI:0.686～0.810,P0.05),最佳临界点为4.45μg/ml,敏感度及特异度分别为71.21%和67.19%。D-二聚体联合FDP预测患者院内死亡的AUC为0.776(95%CI:0.718～0.833,P0.05),敏感度及特异度分别为84.85%和61.20%。结论:血清D-二聚体和FDP水平是急性主动脉夹层患者院内死亡的独立危险因素;D-二聚体联合FDP对急性主动脉夹层患者院内死亡预测价值优于单独应用D-二聚体。     

血清D-二聚体水平对急性主动脉夹层患者预后的预测价值

目的分析血清D-二聚体水平对急性主动脉夹层(AAD)患者预后的预测价值。方法选取2011年1月—2017年7月江苏大学附属武进医院收治的AAD患者49例,根据其住院期间存活情况分为死亡组(n=10)和存活组(n=39)。比较两组患者年龄、性别、吸烟情况、高血压发生情况、Stanford分型、介入或手术治疗情况及实验室检查指标[包括总胆红素、血尿酸、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、D-二聚体、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)];AAD患者预后的影响因素分析采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析;绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)以分析血清D-二聚体水平对AAD患者预后的预测价值。结果 (1)死亡组患者年龄、Stanford A型占比、血清D-二聚体水平、cTnI异常率高于存活组,介入或手术治疗率及血清总胆固醇、LDL-C水平低于存活组(P0.05);两组患者性别、吸烟率、高血压发生率及血清总胆红素、血尿酸、三酰甘油、HDL-C水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄[OR=1.089,95%CI(1.009,1.176)]、Stanford A型[OR=18.286,95%CI (3.171,105.445)]、血清总胆固醇水平[OR=0.319,95%CI(0.115,0.883)]、血清D-二聚体水平[OR=1.098,95%CI (1.030,1.171)]及cTnI异常[OR=5.833,95%CI (1.138,29.899)]是AAD患者预后的影响因素(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄[OR=1.214,95%CI(1.025,1.438)]、Stanford A型[OR=32.804,95%CI(1.911,563.178)]、血清D-二聚体水平[OR=1.169,95%CI(1.031,1.325)]是AAD患者预后的独立影响因素(P0.05)。(3) ROC曲线显示,血清D-二聚体水平预测AAD患者预后的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.781[95%CI(0.592,0.970)],最佳截断值为16.47 mg/L,灵敏度、特异度分别为70.0%、92.3%。结论血清D-二聚体水平是AAD患者预后的独立影响因素,且其对AAD患者预后的预测价值较高。     

血浆D-二聚体水平与急性脑梗死患者的预后相关性分析

目的分析血浆D-二聚体水平与急性脑梗死患者的预后之间的相关性。方法将我院收治的41例急性脑梗死患者纳入本次研究,于发病后1d测量41例患者的脑梗死面积,根据患者脑组织梗死面积将患者分为大面积梗死组和非大面积梗死组,对比两组患者血浆D-二聚体水平。于41例患者发病后1d、1周、2周进行血浆D-二聚体检测,根据发病后2周的检测结果将41例患者分为高水平组(血浆D-二聚体水平明显升高)和对照组(血浆D-二聚体水平正常或轻微升高),应用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评价两组患者的预后。结果大面积梗死组的血浆D-二聚体水平高于非大面积梗死组(P0.05)。41例患者发病后1周的血浆D-二聚体水平高于发病后1d和发病后2周(P0.05)。高水平组患者的m RS评分高于对照组(P0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者发病后血浆D-二聚体水平明显升高,可作为评估患者预后的辅助指标。     

急性脑梗死患者血清sICAM-1、VS-2、D-二聚体水平的变化及意义

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子(s ICAM)-1、血管抑制因子(VS)-2、D-二聚体水平变化及其临床意义。方法急性脑梗死患者60例,根据入院时美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分分为轻度缺损组(n=24,NIHSS≤15分),中度缺损组(n=14,15分NIHSS≤29分),重度缺损组(n=22,NIHSS≥30分)。根据病灶容积分为小容积脑梗死组(n=22,梗死灶容积5 cm~3)、中等容积脑梗死组(n=12,5 cm~3≤梗死灶容积10 cm~3)、大容积脑梗死组(n=26,梗死灶容积≥10 cm~3)。并选取同期在医院进行体验的健康人30例作为对照组。应用ELISA检测各组血清s ICAM-1、VS-2及D-二聚体水平,应用NIHSS和斯堪的纳维亚卒中量表(SSS)评价脑梗死患者神经缺损情况,并分析其相关性。结果急性期患者与恢复期患者血清s ICAM-1、D-二聚体水平显著高于对照组,血清VS-2显著低于对照组(P0.05)。大容积脑梗死组血清s ICAM-1、D-二聚体水平显著高于中等容积脑梗死组及小容积脑梗死组,血清VS-2显著低于中等容积脑梗死组及小容积脑梗死组(P0.05)。重度缺损组血清s ICAM-1、D-二聚体水平显著高于中度缺损组及轻度缺损组,血清VS-2显著低于中度缺损组及轻度缺损组(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,脑梗死患者血清s ICAM-1、D-二聚体水平与患者NIHSS评分、SSS评分、脑梗死容积呈正相关(r=0.362,0.341,0.228,0.315,0.308,0.272,均P0.05),血清VS-2与患者NIHSS评分、SSS评分、脑梗死容积呈负相关(r=-0.328,-0.305,-0.226,均P0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者血清s ICAM-1、D-二聚体水平显著升高,VS-2水平显著降低,其水平与患者神经缺损情况、脑梗死容积相关。     

急性脑梗死患者血浆抗凝血酶和血管性血友病因子及D-二聚体水平变化及其临床意义

目的观察急性脑梗死患者血浆抗凝血酶(AT)、血管性血友病因子(vWF)、D-二聚体水平变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法选取我院2012年8月—2014年1月收治的经CT检查确诊的急性脑梗死患者70例为观察组,同期在我院体检健康者70例为对照组,检测其血浆AT、vWF、D-二聚体水平。结果对照组受检者血浆AT、vWF、D-二聚体水平分别为(102.03±9.74)%、(115.39±9.26)%、(0.29±0.07)mg/L,观察组患者分别为(79.53±10.35)%、(169.88±19.01)%、(1.20±0.98)mg/L,观察组患者血浆AT水平低于对照组,血浆vWF、D-二聚体水平高于对照组(P0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者血浆AT水平降低,血浆vWF、D-二聚体水平升高,与患者凝血功能改变密切相关,检测其血浆水平有助于指导治疗和判断预后。     

脑梗死病人血浆D-二聚体水平的变化及其在预后判断中的意义

目的探讨脑梗死病人急性期和恢复期血浆D-二聚体水平的变化及其在诊断和预后判断中的意义.方法采用散射比浊法检测65例脑梗死病人急性期和恢复期以及30例健康体检者的血浆D-二聚体水平,脑梗死组急性期的血浆D-二聚体水平与对照组进行比较,并根据恢复期血浆D-二聚体水平比急性期下降或上升把病人分为两组,分别对其预后进行观察和比较.结果脑梗死组急性期血浆D-二聚体水平与正常对照组相比有统计学意义(P＜0.01);恢复期血浆D-二聚体水平比急性期下降病人预后良好,D-二聚体水平上升者预后不良(P＜0.01).结论脑梗死病人急性期和恢复期血浆D-二聚体水平的变化对诊断和预后判断有一定的指导意义.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.