重庆市2009-2010年流行性感冒流行特征及监测结果分析

目的分析2009-2010年重庆市流感流行特征和监测结果,为控制流感提供科学依据。方法收集重庆市流感疫情资料、流感样病例监测资料、病原学资料和暴发疫情资料,并对资料进行分析。结果 2009-2010年重庆市出现流感流行,流行高峰集中在2009年9～10月,流行优势毒株为新甲型H1N1亚型,2010年1月以来则以季节性B型为主。城区监测点病毒分离阳性率显著高于农村监测点(χ2=133.04,P0.001)。聚集和暴发疫情主要集中在学校(96%),流感疫情高发时间和病原学检测结果与监测情况一致。结论甲型H1N1流感在2009年出现流行并成为优势株,进入2010年B型流感活动加强,应及时加强流感样病例监测和病原学监测工作,防止出现流行。     

内江市2010—2011年流感监测结果分析

目的分析内江市2010—2011年流感流行状况、流行趋势和流行优势毒株,为该地区流感防控提供科学依据。方法从中国流感监测信息系统收集内江市2010—2011年流感样病例（ILI）监测资料,对其流行病学、病原学以及暴发疫情监测结果进行描述性分析。结果2010—2011年哨点医院共报告流感样病例（ILI）1580例,流感样病例占门诊就诊病例总数的比例（ILI％）为4．42％（1580／35763）;2010年就诊高峰在7、8月,2011年趋于平缓,全年无明显就诊高峰;流感样病例主要集中在5岁以下年龄组,占78．42％（1239／1580）;ILI在人群中的性别分布差异无统计学意义。2010—2011年共采集流感样病例标本527份,检出流感病毒核酸阳性标本41份,阳性率为7．78％;流感病毒核酸阳性病例在不同性别之间的分布差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;优势毒株为新甲型H1N1型,占68．85％,但2010年和2011年阳性毒株的构成比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,流感病毒呈交替流行态势。2010—2011年未发生流感样病例聚集性暴发疫情。结论2010—2011年内江市流感的流行情况逐渐趋于平缓,无暴发疫情;新甲型H1N1型为主要优势毒株;流感防控的重点人群主要是5岁以下婴幼儿;根据监测结果可在每年的9、10月对易感人群接种流感疫苗进行预防。     

2009-2011年贵州省黔西南州流行性感冒监测分析

目的监测和分析黔西南州流行性感冒(流感)的流行动态及病原学特征,为流感的控制预防提供科学依据。方法对2009年8月-2011年12月黔西南州流感监测哨点医院的流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)、病原学监测结果及暴发疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2009年8月-2011年12月流感监测哨点医院共报告门急诊病例数303 058例,流感样病例5 738例,ILI%为1.89%。哨点医院共采集鼻咽拭子标本1 481份,检出流感病毒核酸阳性371份,平均阳性率为25.05%,其中甲型H1N1型、季节性H1N1型、季节性H3N2型、甲型未分型和乙型流感,分别占44.47%、0.54%、22.37%、14.29%和18.33%。流感样病例暴发疫情45起,病原检测36起流感病毒核酸阳性。结论 2009年因新甲型H1N1流感病毒的出现流感流行较活跃,2010年、2011年流行趋势较为平稳。流行优势毒株不断发生变化,甲型H1N1、季节性H3等各亚型和乙型流感阶段性交替形成优势株或混合流行。     

青海省24829例流感样病例流行病学特征分析

目的分析青海省24 829例流感样病例的流行病学特征,掌握流感流行动态,为流感的科学防控提供依据。方法基于"中国流感监测信息系统"导出2013-2014年青海省上报的24 829例流感样病例信息数据,采用描述和分析流行病学方法对流感流行病学特征和病原学特征进行描述和差异性分析。结果 24 829例流感样病例中5岁以下儿童共报17 241例,占报告病例总数的69.44%(17 241/24 829),门急诊就诊百分比高峰在2013年第5周和2014年第51周,呈现12月～次年1月的冬季高峰;对11 893份鼻咽拭子采用RT PCR检测,共检出阳性标本888份,阳性率为7.47%(888/11 893)。不同年份检出阳性标本型别有所不同,2013年以乙型流感为主、2014年以甲型H3N2为主,其中258例流感样病例为暴发疫情监测病例,疫情阳性标本型别与当年病原学检测主要型别一致。结论青海省流感样病例高发人群为5岁以下儿童,冬季为高发季节,不同年份优势毒株不同;学校等聚集性场所是流感样病例暴发的重点防控场所。     

广州市2004年流感监测结果分析

目的了解广州市流感流行情况,探讨流行特征,提供防制建议。方法建立全市流感监测网, 进行流行病学监测和病原学监测。结果流行病学监测,全年共报告流感样病265 335例,占同期内(儿)科门诊就诊量的6．3％;全年共报告暴发疫情31起,均为H3N2型。病原学监测,全年共采集咽漱口液2 134份,阳性 242株,阳性率为11．34％,其中H3N2型233株,B型9株。结论广州市2004年流感高峰在4—8月,流行优势毒株为H3N2型。     

2009-2010 年度宁夏流感监测结果分析

目的 掌握宁夏2009—2010年度流感的流行特征和病原学变化规律,为预测和防控流感大流行提供科学依据。方法 采用回顾性方法对2009—2010年度流感监测点报告的流感样病例进行统计,采集流感样病例标本鉴定病毒型别,对监测结果进行分析,并与近两年度数据进行比较。 结果 2009—2010年度ILI％ 的监测高峰出现在2009年第43周至2010年第1周,明显高于近两年度监测平均水平;流感样病例主要集中在5-24岁年龄组;标本阳性率为23.87％,暴发疫情多发生在学校。结论 流感样病例的流行病学监测可以反映出流感活动状况;2009—2010年度流感的流行程度明显高于2007-2008和2008-2009年度,本监测期的优势毒株先后为A型(H1N1)亚型和B型;宁夏的流感病毒优势株每年发生改变。     

2010年深圳市流感流行病学分析

目的 对2010年深圳市流感监测结果进行分析,了解流感的流行趋势,为流感防治提供科学依据.方法 收集全市31家监测单位的流感样病例数据、病原学检测结果和暴发疫情资料进行分析.结果 2010年深圳市的流感样病例百分比(ILI％)为5.43％.2010年全市共采集日常监测ILI咽拭标本4 031份,分离出445株流感病毒,阳性率为11.0％,其中14株季节性H1N1亚型(3.1％),42株季节性H3N2亚型(9.4％),171株甲型H1N1亚型(38.4％),213株B(Victoria,47.9％)亚型,5株B(Yamagata,1.1％)亚型.2010年全市报告了89起ILI暴发疫情,发病总人数741人,流感PCR检测阳性79起,其中季节性甲型6起(6.8％),乙型67起(75.3％),甲型H1N1流感6起(6.8％).结论 2010年深圳市流感活动较低,未出现明显的高峰.     

2009—2012年中山市流行性感冒监测结果分析

目的对2009—2012年中山市流行性感冒（流感）监测结果进行分析,了解流感的流行趋势和病毒型别,为制定流感防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集中山市流感样病例（ILI）监测、病原学监测以及流感暴发疫情监测资料进行分析,将Iu就诊指数（ILI％=门、急诊Iu就诊人数／门、急诊就诊病例总数×100％）和流感病毒检出阳性率作为分析指标。结果2009年流感病毒较为活跃,出现2次ILI就诊高峰,第1次高峰由甲（A）型H3N2亚型所致,第2次高峰由新甲（A）型H1N1亚型所致;2009年甲流大流行之后,2010年流感流行的强度迅速降低,处于相对平稳状态,上半年以B型流感病毒为主,下半年以甲（A）型H3N2亚型为主;2011—2012年新甲（A）型H1N1亚型、B型流感病毒和甲（A）型H3N2亚型交替流行,ILI就诊高峰均发生在春夏季;对全市4个监测年度各周的ILI％和病原学监测阳性率进行秩相关检验（r=0．701,P〈0．01）,结果呈正相关;全市报告流感暴发疫情11起,报告发病共计580例,平均罹患率为1．25％,主要发生在中小学校。结论4个监测年度的优势毒株亚型之间呈交替变化的趋势并有一定的规律,ILI流行强度与流感病毒活动趋势一致。     

2005-2013年银川市流感监测结果分析

目的 了解2005-2013年银川市流感的流行趋势,为流感防控提供科学依据.方法 按《全国流感监测工作方案》采集哨点医院的流感样病例（Influenza-like illness,ILI）的流行病学资料和病原学资料及全市流感暴发疫情资料进行分析.结果 2005-2013年银川市报告ILI 31899例,流感样病例就诊比例（ILI％）为0.84％,高峰在每年12月或次年的1月,ILI主要集中在15岁以下儿童,占72.70％.共检测咽拭子标本5131份,流感病毒阳性819份,检出率为15.96％.其中季A（H1N1）亚型134例,占16.37％;季A（H3N2）亚型60例,占7.33％;新甲型H1N1 499例,占60.93％;B型156例,占19.05％.报告41起流感暴发疫情,新甲型H1N1流感35起、B型6起,均发生于中、小学校.结论 银川市流感活动呈季节性,推荐流感疫苗最佳接种时间为每年9～11月份.重视学校暴发疫情监测,警惕A型流感病毒引起流感流行甚至暴发的可能,关注B型流感病毒变异情况.     

海南省流行性感冒监测系统的建立与运行效果分析

目的 掌握海南省流感流行特征及病原学变化情况，防止因流感毒株变异导致大流行疫情发生。方法收集2004年海南省流感监测点监测资料，流感样病例病毒分离与鉴定结果以及暴发疫情调查资料进行分析。结果．监测点全年共监测到流感样病例1142例，流感样病例占监测点门诊病例总数的0．36％，发病高峰为5月和8月；发生暴发疫情2起，共发病306人，罹患率为8．46％。采集流感样病例咽拭子标本477份，分离到流感病毒63株，分离率为13．21％，其中H3N2型41株，B型22株，病毒分离率的高低与流感流行季节高峰相一致；2起暴发的流感病毒均为H3N2型。结论海南省2004年流感高发于夏秋季，流行毒株为H3N2型和B型两种毒株交替发生，H3N2型为优势株，没有发现流感变异毒株和高致病性人禽流感病毒。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.