2009—2011年深圳市HIV／AIDS疫情分析

目的了解深圳市2009—2011年艾滋病流行特点,为制定切实有效的预防和控制策略提供依据。方法对深圳市2009—2011年艾滋病疫情资料进行流行病学分析。结果2009—2011年深圳市累计报告HIV／AIDS病例2982例,其中HIV感染者2139例,AIDS病人843例。男女性别比为4．8：1;年龄主要集中在20。岁组,占77．7％,平均年龄（32．9~0．6）岁;初中、高中或中专文化程度人群占68．9％;流动和暂住人口占86．5％;性传播为主要传播途径,占76．6％,其中同性性传播的占31．9％,且异性性接触传播和同性性接触传播的感染比重均逐年上升（P〈O．01）。结论深圳市HIV／AIDS人群以流动和暂住人口占绝大多数,传播途径以性传播为主,且呈逐年上升趋势,同性性传播应给予关注。近期的控制策略为遏制经性途径传播的速度,预防二代传播,加强对男同性恋人群和流动人口的防治力度。     

重庆市1995-2015年HIV感染和艾滋病的流行特点和长期趋势分析

目的 分析重庆市1995-2015年HIV感染/AIDS患病(HIV/AIDS)状况及流行特征,以便为重庆市制定艾滋病预防和控制相关策略提供科学依据.方法 利用国家疾病监测信息报告系统中艾滋病综合防治信息的相关资料,对重庆市1995-2015年HIV/AIDS的相关数据进行描述性流行病学分析.结果 重庆1995-2015年HIV/AIDS累计报告32 589例,其中男性24 792例(76.07％),男女比例3.18:1.20 ～ 49岁的中青年占大部分(64.84％),≥50岁年龄段所占比例逐年上升.文化程度以初中学历者所占比例最高(35.72％),大专及以上学历者构成比近年来呈上升趋势.职业以农民构成比最高(28.21％),且呈逐年上升的趋势.传播途径以异性性传播和同性性传播为主(分别占65.62％和20.55％),且呈上升趋势,而以注射毒品途径感染的构成比则呈逐年下降趋势.感染者被发现途径以检测咨询为主(25.02％).结论 重庆市HIV/AIDS报告疫情和传播途径近20年来呈现不同程度的变化,其中老年人群、高学历者、农民、男男同性人群的报告的比例近年来呈上升趋势.     

2010年深圳市龙岗区新确认HIV/AIDS流行病学分析

目的 分析深圳市龙岗区2010年新确认艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病病人(HIV/AIDS)流行病学特点.方法 运用描述流行病学方法对深圳市龙岗区2010年新确认HIV/AIDS资料进行分析.结果 2010年龙岗区新确认HIV/AIDS 212例,其中艾滋病病毒感染者(HIV)142例,艾滋病病人(AIDS)70例.男性151例,女性61人,男女性别比为2.48∶1.报告病例大部分为青壮年,年龄在20～40岁的占72.7％.50岁以上达到19例,占9.0％.病例主要分布在流动人口多、工厂较集中的地区(街道),布吉56例(占26.4％)、龙岗33例(占15.6％)、平湖26例(占12.3％)、坂田21例(9.9％).经性传播162例,占76.4％,其中经同性传播的比例明显上升,达到29.7％.结论 深圳市龙岗区的艾滋病疫情形势严峻,传播途径以性传播为主,多种途径共存,且同性传播比例上升明显.出现多例老人病例.疫情有由高危人群向一般人群扩散的趋势.     

北海市1998～2013年艾滋病流行状况及特征分析

目的分析北海市1998~2013年艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人流行病学特征及趋势,为进一步预防控制艾滋病的蔓延提供依据。方法收集1998~2013年国家AIDS综合防治信息系统中的北海市HIV/AIDS发病资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果北海市1998~2013年报告HIV/AIDS病例990人,其中死亡259例;报告病例中以男性青壮年居多,占75.96%。20~49岁年龄段人群有674例,占68.08%;累计报告病例中以异性性传播感染途径为主,占73.03%,注射毒品传播,占19.09%(189/990);同性传播占3.13%;母婴传播占1.21%。累计报告的病例中,农村人口占71.01%;报告的AIDS中79.43%的病例当年首次报告即为AIDS病人,死亡病例中65.63%的病例确认1年内死于艾滋病。结论北海市艾滋病疫情呈逐年上升趋势,性传播成为最主要的传播途径,存在病人发现晚的问题;应加强高危人群监测、扩大检测,重视农村地区及流动人口的艾滋病综合防控工作,控制艾滋病的蔓延。     

深圳市某社区84例HIV感染者流行特征分析

目的通过深圳市某社区居住的84例HIV感染人群的流行特征分析,了解社区HIV感染人群的流行特征和发展趋势,为社区艾滋病预防控制措施提供科学依据.方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统(V2.0)中的艾滋病综合防治信息系统,按住址查找居住在深圳市宝安区观澜街道全部84例HIV感染者的“传染病报告卡”资料,进行统计分析.结果近三年来,HIV感染人数急速上升.84例HIV感染者中,以20-39岁青壮年为主;男女性别比为2.65:1;文化程度以初中及以下为主,占66.6%;职业以工人为主,占48.8%.最有可能的感染途径以异性性传播为主,占56%;其次为同性性传播(全部为男男同性),占23.8%.检出途径中以其他就诊者检测检出为主,占27.4%;其次为检测咨询检出,占13.1%.结论近几年艾滋病疫情呈现逐年上升态势,性传播是艾滋病流行的主要传播途径,青壮年人、初中及以下文化者、外来劳务工,是开展预防艾滋病健康教育的重点人群,加强重点人群监测干预和规范管理,是控制传播的重要措施.     

2004-2013年广州市番禺区艾滋病流行特征分析

目的分析广州市番禺区2004-2013年艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者和艾滋病(AIDS)病人流行特征,提出番禺区艾滋病疫情防控对策。方法对广州市番禺区2004-2013年艾滋病常规和哨点监测资料进行分析,采用SPSS13.0软件进行分析。结果 2004-2013年番禺区HIV感染者和AIDS病人共计601例,其中AIDS病人245例,死亡88例,近年HIV抗体阳性报告数明显增多。年龄以20~49岁为主,占86.02%,50岁以上者占11.15%。男女性别比为3.45∶1。传播途径由注射毒品为主逐渐变为性传播途径为主,总报告病例中性传播途径占78.20%,男男同性传播途径占22.96%。结论艾滋病疫情正由高危人群向一般人群扩散,经性传播已成为主要传播途径,应进一步扩大艾滋病推荐检测工作,扩大检测覆盖面,采取综合防控措施控制艾滋病的传播。     

2009-2013年青海省艾滋病综合防治示范区HIV/AIDS报告病例流行病学特征分析

目的分析青海省艾滋病综合防治示范区2009-2013年间HIV/AIDS报告病例的流行病学特征,为今后艾滋病防控工作的开展提供依据。方法对2009-2013年青海省艾滋病综合防治示范区报告的HIV/AIDS病例的流行病学调查资料进行统计学描述分析。结果 2009-2013年7个示范区共报告HIV/AIDS病例343例,以省内户籍为主(占83.38%),男女性别比为5.60:1,汉族占64.72%,20~49岁性活跃人群占87.46%。婚姻状况以未婚为主,初中及以下文化程度所占比例最大,各类职业人群均有病例报告。感染途径以性传播为主,占91.84%;其中同性传播报告病例数最多。检测样本来源主要为医院内住院及门诊检测。结论青海省艾滋病综合防治示范区病例报告呈逐年递增态势,今后要加强少数民族人口艾滋病防治知识的宣传教育和行为干预,加大对MSM人群的干预力度。     

深圳市2008—2018年学生HIV/AIDS患者流行特征

目的 了解深圳市2008—2018年学生HIV/AIDS流行特征,为学校艾滋病防控工作提供科学依据。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,用时间横断面描述性分析2008—2018年深圳市学生HIV/AIDS的人口学特征、传播途径、病例来源等信息。结果深圳市2008—2018年共发现学生HIV/AIDS 226例,其中HIV为180例,AIDS为46例,男性219例,女性7例。HIV/AIDS病例及在每年新发总体病例中所占比例在2008—2015年呈快速上升趋势,在2016—2018年呈下降趋势（P<0.01）。在226名学生病例中,传播途径为男男同性性传播191例,占84.5%,异性性传播24例,占10.6%,母婴或其它途径传播为11例,占4.9%;报告来源于医疗机构93例,占41.2%,来源于自愿咨询检测102例,占45.1%,来源自专题调查17例,占7.5%,其它来源14例,占6.2%。结论深圳市学生艾滋病的传播途径已经转变为男男同性性传播为主,校园艾滋病相关性健康教育对于预防控制学生青少年艾滋病至关重要。     

黄石市2011—2017年艾滋病疫情及流行特征分析

目的 分析2011—2017年湖北省黄石市艾滋病疫情及流行病学特征,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法 收集2011—2017年新报告的现住址为黄石市的艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）病人（简称HIV/AIDS）资料,采用Graphpad Prism 5、SPSS19.0软件和描述流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果 2011—2017年共新报告HIV/AIDS 1 518例,死亡471例;病例主要集中在大冶市,868例,占57.18%;男性1 156例占76.15%,女性362例占23.85%,男女性别比为3.2:1.0;50岁以上938例占61.79%;农民为主体,726例占47.83%,其次为无业人员,352例占23.19%。哨点监测显示MSM人群HIV感染率为3.89%,孕妇HIV感染率为0.00%。异性传播1 158例,占76.28%,同性性传播350例,占23.06%,且男男同性传播方式病例呈逐年上升趋势。结论 黄石市艾滋病疫情呈全市低流行和特定人群集中流行并存,性传播成为主要传播途径,大冶市和MSM人群流行形势严峻,须进一步加大防控力度。     

防城港市2010-2015年HIV/AIDS病例流行病学特征分析

目的 了解防城港市2010-2015年HIV/AIDS流行病学特征,为制定防治策略提供科学依据.方法 从艾滋病综合防治信息系统中下载并收集防城港市2010-2015年的疫情数据进行统计分析.结果 防城港市2010-2015年HIV/AIDS疫情流行强度减弱,报告病例自2012年起出现逐年下降趋势.6年间共报告HIV/AIDS 1 858例,其中HIV 784例(42.20％)、AIDS 1 074例(57.80％);男女性别比为2.38:1;年龄以15～49岁青壮年为主,但呈逐年降低趋势,构成比从2010年的62.90％逐年降低至2015年的48.09％,而≥50岁组的构成比逐年上升,2015年首次超过青壮年,为51.49％;职业以农民为主占53.50％;初中以下低学历人群占86.17％;已婚有配偶者占67.87％;异性性传播占95.32％;所有镇(乡、街道)均有病例报告,局部地区疫情较重,病例以各县(市、区)城区和港口人流、物流频繁及沿边边贸活跃乡镇为主,占57.97％;病例发现途径以其他就诊者检测为主,占53.34％;病例晚发现率为57.80％.结论 防城港市HIV/AIDS疫情呈逐年下降趋势,城区和海港人流物流频繁地区、沿边边贸活跃乡镇是疫情重点地区,低学历、农民和≥50岁人群已成为主要高危人群,异性性传播是主要传播途径,存在病例发现晚的问题;应加大对这些重点地区、人群和环节的监测,扩大检测和干预工作.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.