城乡居室装潢室内空气甲醛污染与健康影响研究

目的 了解城乡居室装修后空气中甲醛污染与健康影响,方法选择装修住宅112户和对照76户进行室内空气甲醛浓度测定,并调查居住者的健康反应。结果城市新装修居室甲醛浓度高于农村,最高值分别2.26和1.25mg／m3,超标率分别为44.8％和43.8％,浓度随着时间的延长而降低,冬季高于夏季,卧室、客厅、饭厅高于厨房和卫生间,装修后居住者293人和对照者190人甲醛有关症状发生率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论城市装修居室甲醛浓度高于农村,但超标率无差异(P>0.1)居室空气中甲醛对人体健康有明显影响。     

南阳市卧龙区室内甲醛污染状况调查

目的：调查装修后居室内甲醛污染状况,探讨入住时间与人体健康的关系。方法：在2013年3-11月对154户新装修居室内甲醛浓度进行现场检测并对居家人员开展问卷调查。结果：新装修居室内甲醛总体浓度范围为0.005-0.586mg/m3,平均浓度为0.215mg/m3,总超标率为79.1%,装修3个月内室内甲醛超标率为100%,3个月后甲醛超标率逐渐下降;室内装修后入住时间越短,呼吸道、眼部、皮肤刺激症状的发生率越高,随入住时间的延长,发生率逐渐降低（χ^2=77.471,P〈0.001）。结论：新装修居室内甲醛浓度大多数超标,住户可能会出现各种不适症状,应采取积极有效措施减少甲醛污染的危害。     

家居室内空气甲醛浓度检测分析

目的 掌握家居室内空气甲醛污染的情况及造成室内甲醛污染的因素. 方法酚试剂分光光度法.结果 检测甲醛样品共40户,家居室内装修空气甲醛浓度超标率很高,客厅、卧室不合格率分别为77.5%. 结论甲醛量随温度增高而聚集增加,甲醛是导致白血病的重要污染物.长期接触低剂量甲醛可引起慢性呼吸道疾病,引发癌症、白血病,儿童和孕妇对甲醛尤为敏感.     

新装修住宅室内空气甲醛消长规律研究

为研究新装修家庭室内空气甲醛污染状况及消长规律，对18户新装修家庭室内空气甲醛进行了为期1年的追踪调查。结果显示室内空气甲醛浓度装修后高出未装修前32—75倍，且随时间的推移，并非呈持续下降的趋势，装修后1、3个月时浓度有回升，6个月时可降至《室内空气质量卫生规范》所规定的标准之下；空气中甲醛浓度呈现卧室〉厨房〉客厅的趋势，装修完工后及时将家具搬入，加强通风，且如果条件许可于装修后6个月再行入住，可减少因装修污染对人体健康所造成的危害。     

内蒙古某市新装修居室内VOCs污染现状调查

目的调查新近装修居室空气中挥发性有机化学物质(volatile ganic compounds,VOCs)的污染状况,为控制和消除室内空气污染提供依据。方法按装修完成时间分为3组(≤6个月、6~12个月,12~18个月)进行VOCs物质监测,以固相萃取-气相色谱法检测VOCs类物质。结果 VOCs类5种污染物均有不同程度检出,分别为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯。其中苯、甲苯和二甲苯的检出率和超标率最高,总挥发性有机物(Total Volatile Organic Compounds)最高检出浓度为9.22 mg/m3,点超标率和户超标率分别为26.47%、28.57%;苯最高检出浓度为1.03mg/m3,点超标率和户超标率分别为51.61%、52.94%;甲苯最高检出浓度为1.54 mg/m3,点超标率和户超标率分别为13.24%、14.52%;二甲苯最高检出浓度为5.44 mg/m3,点超标率和户超标率分别为17.65%、19.05%。室内空气中苯、甲苯、二甲苯的浓度以及超标倍数均随装修完工时间延长呈现逐渐下降趋势,12个月后几乎未见。结论新近装修民居室内空气污染普遍存在,以装修初期为甚,其主要污染物质以苯系物为代表。     

合肥农村地区居室内空气污染现状的研究

目的：为了解已建成卫生村住宅室内空气质量，并为研制《卫生村建设与验收技术规范》提供依据。方法：采用现场采样与检测的方法。结果：居室内CO总平均值1．09mg／m^3,CO2总平均值0．08％、IP总平均值0．24mg／m^3、甲醛总平均值0．04mg／m^3、空气细菌总数总平均值1460．00cfu/m^3居室内CO、CO2、IP、甲醛、空气细菌总数都有超标现象，超标最严重是IP，超标率为71．0％．几种污染物测定结果比较，都是室内高于室外，厨房高于卧室。结论：卫生村居室内空气质量欠佳，需进一步加强对卫生村规划和建设的审查与技术指导，降低居室内空气污染程度。     

室内装修后空气甲醛污染分析及防治对策

目的：分析银川市各类房屋室内装修后空气中甲醛污染特点及来源，针对污染特点提出防治措施：方法：采用美国INTERSCAN公司已校准的4160—2型便携式甲醛分析仪，现场采样读数，并用室内空气质量标准评价．结果：银川市新装修房屋甲醛平均浓度分别为：卧室类房间0．37mg／m^3，厅类房间0．26mg／m^3，厨房类房间0．11mg／m^3，衣柜内5．34mg／m^3，办公房屋0．68mg／m^3，参照房间0．04mg／m^3。结论：银川市新装修房屋内空气甲醛污染严重，选择环保建材、加强室内通风和绿化可有效降低室内装修后空气中的甲醛污染。     

居室装修装饰污染物动态变化的监测

目的通过对装修完半年入住的居室污染物进行连续3年追踪检测,研究其污染状况和动态变化规律与人体健康效应的关系。方法随机抽样对选定的住户进行入户现场调查和污染物检测。结果室内空气污染物主要为甲醛和苯。3年的追踪监测结果表明:居室装修2年后空气中甲醛超标率仍为59.15%处于很高水平,随时间延长甲醛浓度释放较慢。居室装修完半年的苯超标率为14.86%,随时间延长苯浓度释放较快。甲醛和苯对人体健康影响的12种症状超标组的发病率均高于未超标组,而且主要症状与其室内空气甲醛、苯浓度有一定相关性。结论石嘴山市室内装修空气污染严重,并且对人群健康存在一定危害。     

室内装修化学性污染物动态变化的研究

目的通过对居室装修装饰化学性污染物连续3年追踪检测，掌握其污染状况，探讨动态变化规律，研究室内污染与人体健康效应的关系。方法2005年3月～2007年8月，随机抽取济宁市城区93户装修家庭，进行入户现场调查和污染物检测。结果室内空气污染物主要为甲醛和苯。3年的追踪监测结果表明：居室装修3年后空气中甲醛超标率仍为7．55％处于较高水平，随时间延长甲醛浓度释放较慢。居室装修完半年的苯超标率为16．8％，随时间延长苯浓度释放较快。甲醛和苯超标组对人体健康影响的11种症状的发病率均高于未超标组，主要症状与其室内空气甲醛、苯浓度有一定相关性。结论济宁市室内装修空气污染严重，并且对人群健康造成一定危害。     

兰州市不同时期装修的居室甲醛浓度调查

目的了解兰州市不同时期装修的居室甲醛浓度的变化,为解决室内甲醛污染问题提供参考。方法对兰州市123套不同时期装修的居室(装修后6个月以上时间),密闭8h后用PPM400甲醛检测仪现场检测甲醛浓度。结果 2002年以前装修的居室,甲醛浓度全部超标,2003-2006年装修的居室,甲醛浓度超标率达到61.54%,2007年以后装修的居室,甲醛浓度超标率为18.18%。结论装修材料和家具是造成室内甲醛长期污染的根本原因,且甲醛污染很难在短时间内消除。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.