经非优势A1侧眶上锁孔入路夹闭前交通动脉动脉瘤

目的 探讨自非优势侧眶上锁孔入路夹闭前交通动脉动脉瘤(anterior communicating artery aneurysm, ACoAA)的手术方法、经验和技巧.方法 回顾性分析根据前交通动脉和双侧A2段形成的A2开放平面朝向选择经非优势侧眶上锁孔入路夹闭的ACoAA病例资料,对手术方法和经验进行分析,总结该方法的适应证和优缺点.结果 12例患者的ACoAA均经非优势侧眶上锁孔入路完全夹闭,优势A1段动脉均显露良好.术后随访4~29个月均未发现动脉瘤复发或再破裂,格拉斯哥转归量表评分5分11例,4分1例.结论 ACoAA可经非优势A1侧眶上锁孔入路完全夹闭,是一种能获得良好疗效的微创手术方式.     

翼点入路联合部分眶顶和额骨颧突切除治疗前交通动脉破裂动脉瘤的效果分析

目的探讨采用翼点入路联合部分眶顶和额骨颧突切除(改良眶翼点入路)处理前交通动脉破裂动脉瘤的效果。方法回顾性连续纳入2013年10月至2016年10月滨州医学院附属医院神经外科收治的前交通动脉破裂动脉瘤36例,均经DSA或CT血管成像检查证实。对标准眶翼点入路的6次切割成型进行简化,采用眶翼点入路但仅去除部分眶顶而未去除眶外侧壁、蝶骨翼等骨性结构,总结前交通动脉破裂动脉瘤的临床表现、影像学资料、手术方式及手术结果。结果治疗36例前交通动脉破裂动脉瘤均采用改良眶翼点入路,术后CT复查未见明显的脑组织牵拉性损伤,出院时格拉斯哥预后评分5分25例,4分8例,3分3例,无死亡病例。随访3~24个月无再出血及复发病例。未发生眼球凹陷、眼球损伤及颅神经损伤等并发症。结论改良眶翼点入路通过切除部分眶顶和额骨颧突增加了手术操作空间,避免牵拉脑组织,明显缩短了手术操作距离,增大了对深部的观察角度,适用于处理前交通动脉动脉瘤,尤其后指向、上指向及高位前交通动脉动脉瘤。术中无骨质丢失,无需行眶顶重建;从解剖上保留了额叶直回,有利于保护术后患者认知功能。     

眶上外侧入路治疗急性期不同瘤顶指向的破裂前交通动脉动脉瘤的疗效

目的探讨眶上外侧入路开颅手术治疗急性期不同瘤顶指向的破裂前交通动脉动脉瘤(ACoAA)的疗效。方法回顾性分析苏州大学附属第一医院2014年1月至2017年3月经眶上外侧入路开颅显微手术治疗的79例急性期不同瘤顶指向的破裂ACoAA患者的临床资料,采用格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)评价术后3~36个月的预后情况。结果 79例患者中,瘤顶指向上型34例,下型37例,复杂型8例。ACoAA均被夹闭成功。术后随访3~36个月,GOS示预后良好者70例(88.6%),其中上型26例,下型36例,复杂型8例;轻度残疾者9例(11.4%),其中上型8例,下型1例;无一例重度残疾、植物生存及死亡;动脉瘤瘤顶指向下型者预后较指向上型者好[97.3%(36/37)比76.5%(26/34)],差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.19,P0.05)。结论眶上外侧入路是治疗急性期不同瘤顶指向的破裂ACoAA的有效手段,瘤顶指向下型者疗效优于上型者。     

眶上锁孔入路手术治疗前循环动脉瘤疗效观察

目的 观察眶上锁孔入路手术治疗前循环动脉瘤的疗效。方法采用眶上锁孔入路手术治疗前循环动脉瘤46例。结果所有瘤体均成功夹闭,未发生与手术入路有关的并发症。结论眶上锁孔入路手术治疗前循环动脉瘤疗效可靠,适合Hunt—HessⅠ～Ⅲ级动脉瘤,特别是前交通动脉瘤的治疗。     

内镜辅助经右侧眶上锁孔入路治疗Hunt-Hess Ⅰ～Ⅱ级前交通动脉瘤

目的探讨经眶上锁孔显微外科手术治疗Hunt-Hess Ⅰ～Ⅱ级前交通动脉瘤的可行性、手术时机、手术技巧及疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2009年2月～2011年11月经眶上锁孔入路行显微外科手术治疗的65例Hunt-Hess Ⅰ～Ⅱ级前交通动脉瘤患者的治疗情况。结果手术夹闭动脉瘤65例,行夹闭加包裹9例,术后再出血1例,无致残、无死亡病例。结论眶上锁孔入路适合治疗Hunt-Hess Ⅰ～Ⅱ级前交通动脉瘤,内镜辅助对于瘤颈显露及穿支血管保护作用较大,术中吲哚青绿荧光造影有助于判断瘤颈有无残留,手术并发症少,手术应在出血后3 d内。     

术前三维DSA模拟对翼点入路夹闭前交通动脉动脉瘤侧别选择的意义

目的探讨通过术前三维DSA模拟术中观察角度选择翼点入路侧别夹闭前交通动脉动脉瘤的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性连续纳入75例翼点入路夹闭的Hunt-HessⅢ级及以下单发前交通动脉动脉瘤患者,术前通过三维DSA模拟术中观察角度,选择利于暴露侧手术;收集所有患者性别、年龄、Hunt-Hess分级、动脉瘤大小、手术侧别选择情况、并发症发生情况、术后住院时间、动脉瘤完全夹闭比例及出院时格拉斯哥预后量表(GOS)评分;比较左右侧及血管造影时不同A1优势侧入路动脉瘤夹闭情况及临床预后。结果 (1)左侧A1优势患者56例(74.7%),采用左侧翼点入路夹闭30例,右侧翼点入路夹闭26例;右侧A1优势患者19例(25.3%),采用右侧翼点入路夹闭15例,左侧翼点入路夹闭4例。(2)术中动脉瘤暴露满意,与术前三维DSA影像模拟情况相符;患者术后中位住院时间9(8,11)d;6例(8.0%)术后出现症状性脑梗死,1例(1.3%)并发颅内感染;65例术后复查头部DSA或CT血管成像,完全夹闭62例(95.4%),瘤颈处有残余3例(4.6%);出院时GOS评分5分69例(92.0%),4分3例(4.0%),3分3例(4.0%)。(3)左右侧及是否A1优势侧入路,患者手术并发症、动脉瘤完全夹闭比例、术后住院时间、出院时GOS评分等方面差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论通过术前三维DSA模拟术中观察角度,选择利于暴露侧行翼点入路夹闭前交通动脉动脉瘤具有较高的安全性和有效性。     

大脑中动脉瘤显微手术夹闭治疗的效果分析

目的探讨显微手术夹闭治疗大脑中动脉瘤(MCAA)的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析东部战区总医院神经外科2008年5月至2018年5月连续收治的241例(258个动脉瘤)行显微手术夹闭治疗的MCAA患者的临床及影像资料,包括160例(172个动脉瘤)破裂动脉瘤患者(破裂组)和81例(86个动脉瘤)未破裂动脉瘤患者(未破裂组)。手术采用经翼点入路动脉瘤夹闭术或动脉瘤夹闭术+血肿清除术。采用格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分评估破裂组患者术前及术后的意识状态。术后定期进行临床及影像学[CT血管成像(CTA)或DSA)]随访。采用SPSS 20. 0统计软件分析处理数据。结果两组患者术中动脉瘤均被完全夹闭。破裂组160例患者,术前GCS评分(8±2)分,9例术后出现大脑中动脉分支供血区域的脑梗死,3例术后出现脑积水,2例术后出现不明原因的脑出血,术后并发症发生率为8. 8%(14/160);术后复查CT血管成像或DSA均未见动脉瘤,术后(15±2) d GCS评分[(9±3)分]较术前改善(t=-6. 240,P 0. 01),78例患者随访无动脉瘤复发。81例未破裂组患者中,7例(8. 6%)术后出现大脑中动脉分支供血区域的脑梗死,术后复查CTA或DSA均未见动脉瘤,45例患者随访无动脉瘤复发。两组术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3. 280,P=0. 194)。结论显微手术夹闭是治疗MCAA安全、有效的方法,对动脉瘤破裂患者意识状态的改善非常重要。     

单侧翼点入路一期治疗双侧后交通动脉动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨经单侧翼点入路一期显微外科手术夹闭颅内双侧后交通动脉动脉瘤（BPcoAA）的可行性及手术效果。方法回顾性分析28例BPcoAA患者的临床资料,对所有患者均行头部CT扫描、三维CT血管成像（3D—CTA）检查。全部经一侧翼点入路行开颅显微外科手术夹闭BPcoAA。术后随访6个月至3年,复查头部3D—CTA及患者的一般情况,并以格拉斯哥预后（GOS）评分评估预后。结果（1）3D—CTA术前良好显示28例的56个动脉瘤,动脉瘤被完全夹闭的有24例,对侧动脉瘤夹闭不完全的有3例,入路侧动脉瘤夹闭不完全的有1例,无一例死亡。术中入路侧动脉瘤破裂的有8例。②术后7例出现脑积水,5例人路侧及3例对侧发生脑血管痉挛,3例发生肺部感染,2例对侧动眼神经损伤。③平均随访1．7年。GOS评分：5分10例,4分7例,3分9例,2分2例。无动脉瘤复发及新动脉瘤形成,动脉瘤夹闭不全者无再发破裂出血。结论根据3D—CTA检查,采取单侧翼点入路,针对视交叉位置及对侧动脉瘤的指向,一期显微夹闭BPcoAA是安全可行的。     

经外侧裂入路行大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤手术

13例大脑中动脉(MCA)分叉部动脉瘤施行经外侧裂入路手术,效果满意。本组病年龄23～67岁。动脉瘤均为单发,直径2～18.5mm。术前Hunt/Hess分级:0级2例,Ⅰ级6例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级2例。术前动脉瘤破裂11例,其中2例于动脉瘤破裂后3天内手术,5例于4～14天手术,4例于14天后手术。13例均行动脉瘤夹闭术,手术中无动脉瘤破裂。术后脑血管造影复查证实动脉瘤夹闭确实。术后结果评定:9例优,1例良好,1例较好,1例差(术前Hunt分级Ⅳ级),1例失去随访。     

眶上外侧入路与翼点入路手术治疗急性期颅内前循环破裂动脉瘤的临床对比分析

目的研究急性期颅内前循环破裂动脉瘤患者采用眶上外侧入路与翼点入路手术治疗的效果。 方法选择2017年11月至2019年6月于廊坊爱德堡医院神经外科就诊的急性期颅内前循环破裂动脉瘤患者84例作为研究对象,根据手术入路方法不同分为观察组（眶上外侧入路手术）与对照组（翼点入路手术）,每组42例,评估2组患者的临床指标变化与有效率。 结果2组患者术前生存质量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后观察组生理领域、躯体限制、社会领域与精神状态评分较对照组高（P<0.05）。手术时间与住院时间较对照组短,切口长度较对照组小,术中出血量较对照组少（P<0.05）。观察手术有效率（97.61%）高于对照组（85.71%）,观察组并发症发生率（9.52%）低于对照组（28.57%）（P<0.05）。术前,2组患者的炎性因子IL-12p70、IFN-γ和TNF-α水平比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,2组术后IL-12p70、IFN-γ和TNF-α水平均较术前明显升高（P<0.05）,而观察组炎性因子IL-12p70、IFN-γ和TNF-α水平明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论对急性期颅内前循环破裂动脉瘤患者采用眶上外侧入路手术治疗改善手术效果,提高生存质量。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.