深圳市龙岗区涉禽场所禽流感外环境监测结果分析

目的了解深圳市龙岗区涉禽场所外环境禽流感病毒的污染情况,探索影响其病毒核酸检出率的因素。方法 2015年11月—2016年4月,选择龙岗区不同涉禽场所,按月采集不同类型外环境标本,采用RT-PCR方法检测禽流感病毒核酸。结果 590份外环境标本中,215份检出A型流感病毒核酸,A型、H5亚型(均为H5N6)、H9亚型和H7N9禽流感病毒核酸检出率分别为36.44%、18.81%、10.17%和2.37%。非条件多因素Logistic回归分析显示,市场禁售活禽/采取休市措施、市场改造升级、销售冰鲜禽类及其制品可降低外环境标本A型、H5亚型、H9亚型流感病毒核酸的检出率,而小型活禽零售市场、市场通风不良、2016年1月—4月间外环境采样是促进A型、H5亚型和H9亚型流感病毒核酸检出的危险因素。结论深圳市龙岗区H5、H9、H7N9等禽流感病毒的污染广泛,涉禽市场暴露存在人感染禽流感疫情的风险。加强涉禽市场外环境监测力度,全面禁售活禽、推广"冰鲜上市"是降低人禽流感发生风险的关键。     

2012-2013年鄂州市禽流感职业暴露人群及外环境监测结果分析

目的了解鄂州市禽流感职业暴露人群H5N1感染及外环境禽流感病毒H5、H7、H9亚型污染状况。方法2012-2013年采集鄂州市从事家禽养殖、屠宰等人群血清标本,用红细胞凝集抑制试验(HI)检测H5N1抗体;对在城乡活禽市场等外环境采集的污水、鸡粪和鸡笼标本用荧光定量PCR法检测禽流感病毒(甲型流感病毒,又称A型流感病毒,Flu A)H5、H7、H9核酸。结果共采集职业暴露人群160人份血清标本,H5N1抗体均为阴性;环境标本240份禽流感病毒核酸监测,阳性标本为36份,阳性率为15.00%。A型禽流感病毒核酸阳性标本分布于鄂州市3个区,阳性率差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P=0.0 047),以华容区阳性率最高;各种类型标本阳性率差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P=0.0 024),污水的阳性率最高;不同监测场所标本阳性率差异也有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P<0.01),城乡活禽市场禽流感病毒检出率最高;各个季度采集的标本阳性率差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P<0.01),第二季度禽流感病毒检出率最高。结论禽流感H5亚型在鄂州市职业暴露人群中未发现隐性感染,鄂州市监测点外环境存在H5、H9禽流感病毒,城乡活禽市场为人感染禽流感的高风险场所。     

郑州市2018—2019年禽流感职业暴露人群和外环境监测分析

目的调查掌握郑州市2018—2019年禽流感职业暴露人群、外环境病毒污染现状,为人感染禽流感疫情防控提供科学依据。方法 2018—2019年选择活禽交易市场、规模养殖场、家禽散养户、屠宰加工厂场所为监测点,采集职业暴露人群的血清标本及外环境标本,采用马血球血凝抑制实验检测血清标本中的H5、H7和H9等禽流感病毒抗体,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对采集的外环境标本进行禽流感病毒亚型核酸检测。结果 2018—2019年采集家禽职业暴露人群血清标本205人份,均未检出H5、H7和H9等禽流感病毒血凝素抗体;1 243份外环境标本中,34份流感病毒A型核酸阳性,阳性率2.73%;H5亚型为0.40%(5份)、H7为0.16%(2份)、H9为0.80%(10份),其他亚型阳性率1.37%(17份);每年阳性率最高的为12月,阳性率为7.75%;活禽交易市场和家禽屠宰加工厂流感病毒A型核酸阳性率最高,分别为4.27%和3.53%。结论郑州市家禽职业暴露人群中未发现禽流感病毒隐性感染者,禽类外环境中存在H5、H7和H9亚型禽流感病毒,冬春季检出率相对较高,是禽流感防控的重点,需继续在重点场所持续开展病原学监测。     

河北省首例人感染H7N9禽流感疫情暴露危险因素探讨及对策

目的探讨河北省首例人感染H7N9禽流感病例的可能暴露危险因素及防控策略。方法描述流行病学研究方法。结果廊坊市共报告1例人感染H7N9禽流感确诊病例,安次区XX菜市场1处污水H7N9禽流感病毒核酸检测阳性,6名可疑暴露人员咽拭子标本H7N9禽流感病毒核酸检测阴性,175份禽类标本检测结果均为阴性。结论本次疫情的发生证实新型H7N9禽流感已在廊坊市家禽间存在并传播到人。在活禽宰杀市场,野鸟和家禽存在密切接触,受感染野禽排出的粪便会导致家禽的感染,可造成新型H7N9病毒的传播。在活禽市场环境接触禽类具有更高风险,前往活禽市场但无禽类接触同样具有危险。关闭市城区活禽宰杀市场,推行＂禽类定点屠宰、白条禽上市＂制度将大大降低疫情发生的风险。     

2013-2019年深圳市龙华区外环境禽流感病毒监测分析

目的了解深圳市龙华区市场外环境禽流感病毒污染情况,及时发现人禽流感潜在危险因素,为科学防控禽流感疫情提供依据。方法采用荧光定量PCR法对2013-2019年龙华区综合市场采集的1 211份禽类外环境标本进行甲型流感病毒(FluA)及亚型检测。结果 2013-2015年禁售活禽前626份外环境标本中,检出H7亚型病毒核酸阳性117份,阳性率18.69%;2016-2019年禁售活禽后采集外环境样本585份,检出H7亚型病毒核酸阳性54份,阳性率9.23%;禁止活禽交易前后外环境标本H7阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=22.313,P=0.000)。禁止活禽交易后2016-2019年标本总阳性率逐年分别为41.82%、36.89%、36.67%、20.00%,A型流感病毒检出率呈现逐年下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=15.564,P=0.001);其中H9亚型阳性率最高(21.54%),H7亚型最低(9.23%),2018、2019年均未检出H7亚型病毒核酸阳性。各类标本中阳性率最高的为砧板(43.59%),各类型标本阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=9.398,P=0.052)。结论深圳市龙华区市场环境中存在禽流感病毒污染,禁止活禽销售可有效降低禽流感病毒污染及发生禽流感疫情的风险。     

无锡市活禽交易市场家禽禽流感监测

目的 了解无锡市活禽交易市场中家禽禽流感病毒感染情况,评估人感染禽流感风险。方法 采集禽类咽拭子和肛拭子标本,采用荧光定量PCR技术检测禽流感甲型通用及H5、H7、H9亚型病毒核酸,并进行统计学分析。结果 2014年11月—2015年3月共采集并检测禽类标本1 962份,甲型流感病毒核酸阳性248份,阳性率为12.64%;检出的禽流感病毒型别以H9亚型194份(9.89%)为主,其次为H5亚型38份（1.94%）、H7亚型8份（0.41%）和混合型8份（0.41%）。阳性率较高的监测场所为城乡活禽市场(24.06%)和农贸市场(14.06%)。监测期间,不同月份禽流感病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ²=74.60,P<0. 01)。不同类型标本中,除混合感染外,咽拭子中禽流感病毒核酸检出率均高于肛拭子。结论 无锡市活禽市场禽类禽流感病毒污染较为严重,且型别多样,存在人感染禽流感病毒的风险,应加强禽类及其环境中禽流感病毒的实时监测。     

广西防城港市2017年活禽市场环境样本禽流感监测

目的 了解防城港市活禽市场环境禽流感病毒监测情况,为科学评判疫情并采取适当的防控措施提供理论依据。方法 2017年3—4月在全市活禽市场外环境采集笼具擦物、冼禽污水、禽粪、砧板擦物、禽类饮用水等标本,用荧光定量PCR法检测禽流感病毒FluA、H5、H9、H7核酸,并进行统计学分析。结果 采集全市36个活禽市场外环境标本1 855份,阳性393份,阳性率为21.19%,其中H5阳性28份,H7阳性2份,H9阳性198份,H5和H9混合阳性37份,其他亚型（FluA阳性,H5、H7、H9 阴性）128份;不同地区标本阳性率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;城区和乡镇市场采集的标本的阳性率差异无统计学意义。5种类型的标本中,洗禽污水的阳性率最高,其次是砧板擦物, 再次是禽类饮用水和笼具擦物,禽粪的阳性率最低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 防城港市活禽市场环境普遍存在高致病性禽流感病毒的污染,H9亚型是主要的病原体,采取了综合防控措施后,防城港市没有发生人间禽流感疫情。     

梅州市活禽市场外环境H7N9禽流感病毒应急监测分析

目的了解梅州市家禽鸟类市场环境样品禽流感病毒的感染状况,及时发现人禽流感发病潜在危险因素,防止疫情发生。方法 2013年4月22日至2013年5月31日,在梅州市选取1个三鸟批发市场和5个居民区肉菜市场,以擦拭涂抹法采集外环境活禽粪便以及各种用具表面拭子,采用荧光定量PCR方法检测甲型流感病毒核酸,并进行病毒基因同源性分析;对外环境H7N9核酸阳性的市场及周边区域开展监测工作。结果 6个活禽市场共检测样品226份,检出甲型流感病毒核酸阳性24份,阳性率10.62%,其中H7N9型2份,阳性率0.88%;基因同源性分析,梅州市外环境H7N9病毒基因与广东省惠州市病例获得的H7N9禽流感病毒同源性为99.6%,与华东地区病人感染的H7N9禽流感病毒同源性为99.7%~99.8%。对外环境检出H7N9阳性市场的165名密切接触者进行医学观察,未发现发热、咳嗽等异常临床表现。结论梅州市活禽市场外环境存在甲型流感病毒污染,且病毒未发现变异,2个市场外环境H7N9禽流感病毒核酸阳性未造成人群感染。     

十堰市2013年三类场所禽流感核酸检测结果分析

目的了解2013年十堰市3类场所禽流感流行特点,为有效防控禽流感提供依据。方法 2013年选择十堰市与禽类有接触的且有代表性的3类场所,按月份采集不同种类的外环境标本160份,采用Real-time PCR方法检测流感病毒核酸,使用SPSS 17.0进行数据分析。结果外环境中甲型流感(Flu A)、H5、H9、H5-H9、N1检出率分别为29.38%、21.25%、11.88%、6.88%、4.38%;3类场所中大型家禽养殖场未检测到阳性标本,活禽农贸市场与大型家禽屠宰厂流感病毒核酸检测阳性率分别为45.00%和48.33%;大型家禽屠宰厂H5亚型阳性率明显高于H9亚型(χ2=24.020,P‐0.05);在活禽农贸市场检出7份N1核酸阳性标本,其H5亚型与H9亚型存在着显著性差异(χ2=4.091,P‐0.05);外环境中禽流感病毒核酸检出率整体上下半年高于上半年,且存在两个峰,4月与11月。结论十堰市3类场所分布着包括H5N1在内的多种禽流感病毒,相关部门应在上半年4月与下半年11月重点监测活禽农贸市场和大型家禽屠宰厂禽流感感染状况,并制定防控多种禽流感亚型的综合措施。     

2014—2021年湖北省鄂州市职业暴露人群血清学和外环境禽流感病毒监测分析

目的 了解2014—2021年湖北省鄂州市外环境禽流感病毒(Avian influenza virus,AIV)分布情况及相关职业暴露人群感染状况,为鄂州市防控人感染禽流感疫情提供依据。方法 2014—2021年鄂州市3个区的4类场所,5种类型外环境标本,采用荧光定量PCR方法对标本进行A型、H5亚型、H7亚型、H9亚型流感病毒检测,同时采集禽流感职业暴露人群血清标本,使用红细胞凝集抑制实验法检测禽流感病毒H5N6、H7N9、H9N2抗体,采用描述性流行病学方法对检测结果进行统计分析。结果 2014—2021年鄂州市采集禽流感外环境标本2 187份,检出流感病毒A型(Influenza virus type A,FluA)阳性标本645份,阳性率为29.49%;以H9亚型和H5+H9混合型为主,分别占50.39%和17.36%。鄂城区禽流感病毒检出阳性率最高(38.41%),梁子湖区最低(11.92%)。4类场所中城乡活禽市场禽流感病毒检出阳性率最高(46.60%)。5种类型外环境标本中,清洗禽类污水禽流感病毒检出阳性率最高(46.09%)。时间分布,第1季度(39.09%)和第4季度...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.