第三代功能性电刺激联合任务导向训练对卒中后上肢功能的康复作用

目的探讨第三代功能电刺激(FES)联合任务导向训练对卒中后上肢功能恢复的作用。方法选择病程3~12个月的初发卒中患者40例,按病例单双号分为FES组和对照组,每组20例。两组患者均接受传统的康复训练,1次/d,30 min/次,5 d/周,共12周。FES组另给予12周的FES治疗,1次/d,15 min/次,5 d/周;根据上肢功能状况给予患者被动电刺激、触发反馈电刺激、助力反馈电刺激结合任务导向训练(杯子训练)的作业治疗。疗效评定采用改良的Ashworth量表(MAS)、Brunnstrom分级量表、Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(上肢部分,FMA)及腕关节背伸的主动关节活动度(WEAROM)测评。结果 (1)治疗前FES组与对照组各项观察指标差异均无统计学意义。(2)治疗后两组MAS和Brunnstrom量表评分均较治疗前有所改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);但FES组与对照组比较,MAS和Brunnstrom量表的治疗前-后评分差值[分别为(0.7±0.3)、(0.8±0.4)分和(0.6±0.2)、(0.7±0.4)分]差异均无统计学意义。(3)两组FMA评分和WE-AROM均较治疗前提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);FES组FMA评分的治疗前-后差值为(8.3±4.0)分,高于对照组的(4.3±2.5)分;FES组WEAROM的治疗前-后差值为(21±10)度,高于对照组的(14±6)度,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与传统的康复训练相比,结合了FES治疗的康复训练对于卒中患者上肢运动功能改善及腕关节背伸的关节活动度提高效果更明显。但对上肢痉挛改善效果不明显。     

神经康复机器手对慢性期卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能康复的疗效分析

目的探讨神经康复机器手对慢性期卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能的疗效。方法回顾性连续纳入2012年3月至2015年3月首都医科大学宣武医院康复门诊卒中偏瘫患者31例,根据采用康复治疗的方式,将患者分为机器手康复组(16例)和一般康复组(15例)。一般康复组接受一般性康复训练,3次/周,30 min/次,同时进行家庭康复训练,5次/周,1 h/次;机器手康复组接受一般性康复训练,3次/周,30 min/次,同时进行机器手辅助训练,5次/周,1 h/次。两组训练周期均为4周。分别于康复治疗前及治疗后4周,对两组患者上肢运动功能进行Wolf运动功能评价(WMFT)和Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能评价(FMA-UE),对上肢肌张力评价采用改良Ashworth评分(MAS)。结果经过4周的治疗后,与同组治疗前相比,机器手康复组中位数时间明显缩短[7.1(2.4,93.8)s比13.1(3.7,99.5)s],功能评分明显提升[(45±13)分比(38±11)分],上肢功能评分明显提高[(28±7)分比(25±7)分],腕手部中位数评分明显提高[15(10,19)分比9(5,14)分],FMA-UE总分明显提高[(46±12)分比(38±12)分],MAS评分明显降低[3(2,5)分比5(4,8)分],治疗前后差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);一般康复组各项指标治疗前后差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。4周康复训练后,机器手康复组比一般康复组腕手部中位数评分[15(10,19)分比6(5,12)分]、治疗效应[-5.5(-10.8,-3.2)比0.0(-1.0,3.0)]、MAS[3(2,5)分比5(4,6)分]均有改善,组间差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论神经康复机器手可有效提高卒中后慢性期偏瘫患者上肢运动功能,对腕手部运动功能提升有明显效果,并可控制上肢肌张力的增高。     

经颅直流电刺激联合运动再学习方案对卒中患者上肢运动功能的改善作用

目的探讨经颅直流电刺激联合运动再学习方案对卒中后上肢运动功能恢复的作用。方法前瞻性纳入2015年9月至2016年6月在首都医科大学宣武医院接受康复治疗的初发卒中患者40例,病程为1~6个月,按住院号或门诊号尾数的单双号分为联合组和对照组各20例。两组患者均接受传统康复训练和针对上肢功能恢复的运动再学习方案训练,2次/d,30 min/次,5 d/周,共6周。给予联合组患者6周的经颅直流电刺激治疗,2次/d,20 min/次,5 d/周;给予对照组患者假刺激治疗。于治疗前及治疗后6周进行功能评定。评定采用简式Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分(FMA)和手臂动作调查测试(ARAT)量表评价上肢运动功能,采用改良Barthel指数(MBI)量表评价日常生活活动能力。结果治疗前两组患者各观察指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后6周,联合组的上肢FMA和ARAT评分与治疗前的差值均优于对照组,分别为(13±3)分比(10±3)分和(10±2)分比(8±2)分(t值分别为3.503和3.244,均P0.01);MBI评分两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经颅直流电刺激联合运动再学习方案能有效改善卒中患者上肢运动功能。     

上肢康复机器人辅助训练对卒中后上肢痉挛伴肩关节半脱位患者运动功能的作用

目的探讨上肢康复机器人辅助训练对卒中后上肢痉挛伴肩关节半脱位患者运动功能的康复作用。方法回顾性纳入2015年3月至12月卒中后上肢痉挛伴肩关节半脱位的患者40例,采用数字表法将患者随机分为机器人组和对照组各20例。对照组患者采用常规康复治疗,40 min/次。机器人组在常规康复的基础上增加上肢康复机器人训练,30 min/次。两组患者训练均为2次/d,10次/周。均于治疗前及治疗后6周进行运动功能及日常生活能力评定。通过测量患者坐位患肩肩峰至肱骨头间距(AHI)评定肩关节半脱位距离;采用改良Ashworth量表(MAS)评定痉挛程度;采用简式Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分(FMA)评价上肢运动功能;改良Barthel指数(MBI)量表评价日常生活能力。结果治疗前两组患者基线指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后6周,机器人组的AHI值从治疗前的(22.7±1.2)mm降至(10.6±1.2)mm;MAS评分从治疗前的(2.01±0.28)分降至(0.59±0.23)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);FMA从治疗前的(30±9)分升至(54±8)分;MBI从治疗前的(44±8)分升至(83±10)分;差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。治疗后机器人组的AHI值及MAS、FMA和MBI评分明显优于对照组(t值分别为-4.009、-6.846,2.938和5.548,均P0.05)。结论上肢康复机器人辅助训练能够改善卒中后患者的上肢痉挛伴肩关节半脱位状态,促进患者运动功能和日常生活能力的提高。     

阴极经颅直流电刺激对卒中患者上肢运动功能的影响

目的探讨阴极经颅直流电刺激(ct DCS)对卒中患者上肢运动功能的影响。方法前瞻性纳入2016年7月至2017年2月在首都医科大学宣武医院接受康复治疗的初发卒中后偏瘫患者45例,病程为1~6个月。按随机数字表法分为ct DCS 1.0 mA、2.0 mA和对照组各15例。3组患者均接受传统康复训练,2次/d,45 min/次,5 d/周,持续2周。1.0 mA组和2.0 mA组在此基础上,周期给予1.0 mA或2.0 mA的ct DCS治疗,1次/d,20 min/次,5 d/周,对照组仅接受假刺激。于治疗前及治疗后2周进行上肢功能评定。采用简式Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分(FMA)和手臂动作调查测试量表(ARAT)评价上肢运动功能。组内治疗前后比较采用配对t检验,组间比较采用单因素方差分析。结果 (1)治疗前3组患者上肢FMA评分、ARAT评分和MBI评分,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);治疗后2周,3组患者的上肢FMA评分、ARAT评分和MBI评分均与同组治疗前比较明显提高,1.0 mA组差值分别为(12±3)、(10±2)、(22±9)分;2.0 mA组差值分别为(12±3)、(10±3)、(20±6)分,对照组差值分别为(9±3)、(7±3)、(18±7)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。(2)治疗后2周1.0 mA组和2.0 mA组的上肢FMA评分和ARAT评分均优于对照组,两组FMA评分比较均P0.01,ARAT评分比较均P0.05;而1.0 mA组和2.0 mA组间评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ct DCS有改善卒中患者上肢运动功能的趋势,但ct DCS强度1.0 mA与2.0 mA的治疗效果无明显差异。     

机器手辅助卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能康复的初步应用

目的探讨康复机器手对卒中慢性期偏瘫患者上肢运动功能的作用。方法回顾性分析15例卒中偏瘫患者进行一般康复治疗或康复机器手治疗的效果。一般康复组患者(7例)在康复医学门诊接受为期4周,3次/周,30 min/次的一般性康复训练,同时还进行5次/周,1 h/次的家庭康复训练;机器手康复组(8例)接受与一般康复组相同时长的一般性康复训练,同时进行5次/周,1 h/次的机器手辅助训练。对两组患者分别在治疗前和治疗后进行改良Ashworth评分(MAS)、Wolf运动功能评价(WMFT)及Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能评价(FMA-UE)。结果经过4周的治疗后,与治疗前相比,机器手康复组的MAS评分明显降低,WMFT中的"时间"明显缩短,"功能评分"明显提升;FMA-UE中,"上肢功能"评分明显提高,"手"评分明显提高;FMA总分明显提高,康复前后分别为(40±14)、(47±14)分;治疗前后差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。一般康复组各项指标差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。两组进行4周康复后的效果比较,FMA-UE中"手"项目评分及WMFT中"治疗效应"机器手康复组优于一般康复组(均P0.05)。结论康复机器手可有效降低患者上肢的痉挛,对手部运动功能的恢复有明显效果,但对腕部的运动康复作用不明显。     

低频rTMS联合FES治疗对亚急性期缺血性脑卒中患者下肢痉挛及运动功能的康复作用

目的:探讨低频(1Hz)重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)联合功能性电刺激(FES)对亚急性期缺血性脑卒中患者下肢痉挛及运动功能的康复作用。方法:选择入住我院康复科的亚急性期缺血性脑卒中伴下肢痉挛及运动功能障碍的患者92例,随机分为伪刺激+FES组(伪刺激组,45例),低频rTMS联合FES治疗组(低频rTMS组,47例)。连续治疗3周,治疗前后对患者采用Fugl-Meyer (FMA)量表评估下肢运动功能;改良Ashworth量表(MAS)评估下肢痉挛严重程度,并进行运动诱发电位(MEP)检测。结果:治疗3周后,与治疗前比较,两组FMA评分均显著提高,MAS评分和MEP值显著降低(P均=0.001);且治疗后,与伪刺激组比较,低频rTMS组FMA评分[16.0(13.0, 23.5)分比19.0(16.0, 27.0)分]提高更显著,MAS评分[1.5(1.3, 1.5)分比1.0(0.5, 1.5)分]和MEP值[(24.64±0.39)ms比(24.43±0.31)ms]降低更显著(P0.05或0.01)。结论:低频rTMS联合FES治疗较伪刺激联合FES治疗能显著改善亚急性期缺血性脑卒中患者下肢痉挛及运动功能。     

助力电刺激联合任务导向性训练对卒中足下垂患者下肢运动功能的作用

目的探讨助力电刺激联合特定任务性训练对卒中足下垂患者下肢运动功能的作用。方法回顾性纳入卒中后足下垂患者50例,分为试验组和对照组,每组患者25例。对照组采用常规康复治疗,试验组在此基础上应用助力电刺激联合任务导向性训练。对两组患者训练2次/d,40 min/次,5 d/周,连续6周。均于治疗前后进行踝关节活动度、跖屈肌群肌张力及胫前肌肌力的测定,运用Berg平衡积分、Fugl-Meyer下肢运动积分、改良Barthel指数、Holden步行功能分级等对患者的平衡和下肢运动功能进行评定。同时对步速、步长进行治疗前后的比较。结果治疗6周后,试验组患者踝关节活动度、跖屈肌群张力、胫前肌肌力评分较治疗前均有改善,且各指标明显优于对照组(t值分别为6.261、-6.163、2.968,均P<0.05);Berg平衡积分、步速、步长评分较治疗前也均有提高,且各指标明显优于对照组(t值分别为10.733、9.074、9.013,均P<0.01);下肢运动积分、改良Barthel指数、Holden步行功能分级评分较治疗前均有提高,且各指标明显优于对照组(t值分别3.261、7.573、4.010,均P<0.05)。结论应用助力电刺激联合任务导向性训练可有效改善卒中足下垂患者的下肢运动功能。     

下肢康复机器人联合任务导向训练对卒中后步行能力的康复作用

目的探讨下肢康复机器人联合任务导向训练对卒中后步行能力的康复作用。方法前瞻性连续收集2014年2月至2015年8月首都医科大学宣武医院康复科住院及门诊进行康复治疗且符合纳入标准的卒中患者74例,均为发病1~12个月的初发卒中,根据患者是否接受下肢康复机器人治疗分为观察组(39例)和对照组(35例)。两组患者均接受任务导向训练,2次/d,2 0 m in/次,5 d/周,共1 2周。观察组另给予1 2周的下肢康复机器人治疗,1次/d,3 0 m in/次,5 d/周。疗效评定采用Berg平衡量表、Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(FMA)、站起-行走计时(TUG)测试、膝关节屈曲的主动关节活动度评测(KFAROM)。结果 (1)治疗后,观察组与对照组Berg量表和FMA量表评分均较治疗提高,差异均有统计学意义[Berg量表:(28±9)分比(22±9)分,(29±9)分比(24±9)分;FMA评分:(47±8)分比(36±8)分,(40±6)分比(36±7)分;均P0.01],但组间Berg评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而组间FMA量表评分的差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。观察组与对照组治疗前后Berg量表评分的差值分别为(10.75±0.30)、(4.71±0.14)分,组间差异无统计学意义(t=0.95,P=0.345);观察组与对照组治疗前后FMA量表评分的差值分别为(5.8±0.6)、(4.9±0.8)分,组间差异有统计学意义(t=5.16,P0.01)。(2)治疗后,观察组与对照组TUG测试及KFAROM均较治疗前改善,差异均有统计学意义[TUG测试:(35±13)s比(56±18)s,(53±17)s比(58±18)s;KFAROM:(82±24)°比(60±23)°,(63±23)°比(57±26)°;均P0.01],且组间差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。观察组与对照组治疗前后TUG测试的差值分别为(21.5±5.0)、(4.6±0.6)s,组间差异有统计学意义(t=9.55,P0.01);观察组与对照组治疗前后KFAROM的差值分别为(5.8±0.6)、(4.9±0.8)°,组间差异有统计学意义(t=4.17,P0.01)。结论任务导向性联合下肢康复机器人训练可改善卒中后患者下肢运动功能、行走能力、膝关节屈曲的关节活动度,但对下肢平衡改善效果不明显。     

等速肌力训练对脑卒中后上肢功能障碍患者上肢运动功能的影响

目的:研究等速肌力训练对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的影响。方法:2016年1月-2017年10月于我院治疗的90例脑卒中后上肢功能障碍患者被随机均分为常规康复组和联合训练组(在常规康复组基础上接受等速肌力训练),两组均治疗4周。观察比较两组治疗前后Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(FMA)评分、改良Ashworth量表(MAS)评分、改良Barthel指数(MBI)评分及以角速度60°/s、120°/s伸屈时肘伸肌、肘屈肌峰力矩(PT)、总功(TW)、平均功率(AP)。结果:与治疗前比较,治疗后两组FMA评分、MBI评分、以角速度60°/s、120°/s伸屈时肘伸肌及肘屈肌PT、TW、AP均显著升高(P均=0.001),治疗后两组MAS评分无显著差异(P均>0.05)。与常规康复组比较,联合训练组治疗后FMA评分[(49.28±6.73)分比(56.79±6.24)分]、MBI评分[(59.92±9.33)分比(70.14±9.39)分]、以角速度60°/s、120°/s伸屈时肘伸肌:PT[60°/s(17.25±3.66)N·m比(21.48±4.21)N·m,120°/s(10.74±3.80)N·m比(15.69±4.21)N·m]、TW[60°/s(165.74±20.51)J比(194.67±23.55)J,120°/s(209.67±25.28)J比(258.76±26.72)J]、AP[60°/s(11.28±3.35)W比(15.42±4.14)W,120°/s(11.58±3.65)W比(17.83±3.74)W]升高更显著(P均=0.001),以角速度60°/s、120°/s伸屈时肘屈肌:PT、TW、AP均无显著差异(P均>0.05)。结论:等速肌力训练可显著促进脑卒中后上肢功能障碍患者上肢运动功能的恢复,提高日常生活活动能力。     

The effects of consecutive sessions of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex on hand function in healthy older adults

BackgroundWith advancing age, changes in the central nervous system may lead to motor functional deficits. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques are suggested to help modifying brain function.ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of using multi session anodal transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (a-tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) on the hand function in healthy older adults.MethodIn this randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled study 32 participants received active or sham a-tDCS (1 mA, 20 min, for five consecutive days) and performed the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT) on the first day before tDCS application, immediately (T1), 30 min (T2), and one week after the last session (5th day) (T3) of the stimulation.ResultsThere was a significant improvement for PPT (p < 0.05) in a-tDCS group at all post-test values except for PPT for left hand (PPTL) at T1. Compared to the sham group, the results indicated significant improvement in all PPT subtests (P < 0.05), except for PPTL at T1, PPT for both hands at T2 and PPT assembly at T3 in a-tDCS group.ConclusionThe current findings suggest a-tDCS can be considered as a promising stand-alone technique in the intervention of the age-related decline of manual dexterity for improving hand function.     

经颅直流电刺激结合康复治疗异己手综合征八例并文献复习

目的探讨经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)结合康复治疗对异己手综合征(AHS)的效果,为临床治疗提供依据。方法回顾性连续纳入2015年7月至2019年3月于徐州医科大学附属医院就诊的AHS患者8例,其中额叶型6例,胼胝体型2例,所有患者给予综合康复治疗,并予以M1区tDCS刺激,20 min/次,2次/d,6 d/周,疗程2个月。治疗前后分别应用额叶功能量表(FAB)﹑画钟试验﹑蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表﹑Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能评分(U-FMA)﹑改良Barthel指数(MBI)﹑发作频次进行综合效果评价,并评估临床疗效。结果治疗2个月后,8例患者FAB[(13.2±2.7)分比(6.1±1.6)分,t=-8.340]﹑画钟试验[3.5(3.0,4.0)分比2.0(0,2.0)分,Z=-2.549]﹑MoCA[(24±4)分比(19±4)分,t=-8.828]﹑U-FMA[(51±12)分比(35±12)分,t=-4.632]﹑MBI[(74±24)分比(37±18)分,t=-5.401]﹑发作频次[0(0,2.75)次/h比8.00(6.25,8.75)次/h,Z=-2.530]均好于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其中治愈5例,显效2例,有效1例。结论tDCS结合康复治疗有助于显著改善AHS患者上肢运动功能,提高日常活动能力。     

闭环刺激双腔频率适应性起搏器的临床应用

目的介绍感知体动和精神活动的闭环刺激双腔频率适应性起搏器的初步应用经验.方法植入第3d开启闭环刺激频率适应功能,患者进行坐卧位、散步、快走、上下楼、思考等活动,第7d动态心电图检查和起搏器程控.3个月后随访,重复上述活动和检查,对比分析结果.结果18例患者植入闭环刺激双腔频率适应性起搏器(Biotronik公司的Inos2CLSDDDR),心室起搏阈值0.3～0.7(0.4±0.3)V,R波振幅9.5～21.8(14.6±7.5)mV,阻抗520～870(610±78)Ω;心房起搏阈值0.3～0.8(0.5±0.3)V,A波振幅7.2～16.4(11.6±5.7)mV,阻抗510～872(697±92)mV.随访50～486(236±107)d,均为频率适应性双腔起搏,体力和脑力活动时起搏频率能按需增加.与植入时相比,频率适应功能增强且更加个体化.结论Inos2CLS除适应体动变化外,还能适应精神负荷变化,自动完成初始参数和昼夜频率调整,程控简单,随访方便.     

Effects of short term sacral nerve stimulation on anal and rectal function in patients with anal incontinence

BACKGROUND: Some patients with faecal incontinence are not amenable to simple surgical sphincter repair, due to sphincter weakness in the absence of a structural defect. AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and possible mode of action of short term stimulation of sacral nerves in patients with faecal incontinence and a structurally intact external anal sphincter. PATIENTS: Twelve patients with faecal incontinence for solid or liquid stool at least once per week. METHODS: A stimulating electrode was placed (percutaneously in 10 patients, operatively in two) into the S3 or S4 foramen. The electrode was left in situ for a minimum of one week with chronic stimulation. RESULTS: Evaluable results were obtained in nine patients, with early electrode displacement in the other three. Incontinence ceased in seven of nine patients and improved notably in one; one patient with previous imperforate anus and sacral agenesis had no symptomatic response. Stimulation seemed to enhance maximum squeeze pressure but did not alter resting pressure. The rectum became less sensitive to distension with no change in rectal compliance. Ambulatory studies showed a possible reduction in rectal contractile activity and diminished episodes of spontaneous anal relaxation. CONCLUSIONS: Short term sacral nerve stimulation notably decreases episodes of faecal incontinence. The effect may be mediated via facilitation of striated sphincter muscle function, and via neuromodulation of sacral reflexes which regulate rectal sensitivity and contractility, and anal motility.     

The relation between changes in myocyte orientation and contractile function with electrical field stimulation

The cardiac myocyte is the fundamental contractile unit of the heart, and therefore recent studies have examined myocyte function through electrical field stimulation. However, the relation between changes in electrical field orientation and myocyte contractile function remains unclear. Accordingly, the goal of the present study was to measure myocyte contractile function with known changes in myocyte orientation with respect to the electrodes. Isolated left ventricular porcine myocytes (n=32) were field stimulated (0.5–1.5 Hz, 5 ms, double contraction threshold) in a thermostatically controlled chamber. Myocyte velocity of shortening was measured by high speed video microscopy. Myocyte position was altered and quantified with respect to the electrodes. When myocyte position approached alignment with the electrodes, contractile activity ceased. Contractile activity resumed when the myocyte moved greater than 25° from the parallel position. When contractions could be successfully elicited, the velocity of shortening was 48±15 m/s and did not differ at any orientation. These results suggest that angular orientation should be carefully considered when evaluating the contractile performance of electrically stimulated myocytes.Supported by National Institutes of Health grant HL-45024, a Basic Research Grant from Pfizer Inc., and a Grant-in-Aid from the American Heart Association. FGS is an Established Investigator of the American Heart Association. KRH performed this work as a MUSC medical research intern     

低频重复经颅磁刺激对帕金森病运动功能和情感障碍的疗效观察

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on motor function and affective disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Twenty PD patients were performed by 1 Hz rTMS therapy for 15 days and 10 matched patients were performed sham stimulation. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Unified Parkinson' s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were assessed before and 15 days after rTMS treatment. Results After treatment with rTMS, the motor function was improved, and UPDRS total score and UPDRS-Ⅰ , UPDRS-Ⅱ, UPDRS-Ⅲ scores were decreased. UPDRS score was decreased from (38.45±17.33) to (30.95± 17.00) (t=6.780,P<0.01). At the same time, HAMD score was decreased from (12.15±7.62) to (8.75±7.31 ) (t = 5.101, P<0.01 ). The scores of somatization, blockage and sleep disorders were lowered after treatment, but the HAMA score had no significant change(t=1.757, P>0.05). The rigidity of PD patients was improved obviously. All indexes had no improvement in sham stimulation group. Conclusions Low frequency rTMS may improve motor dysfunction and affective disorder in PD patients .     

Influence of maturation on infant diaphragm function assessed by magnetic stimulation of phrenic nerves

Infant diaphragm function may be adversely affected in a variety of disorders and conditions. Key to establishing an accurate diagnosis are appropriate control data. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of maturation on diaphragm function, using a nonvolitional test. Diaphragm function was assessed by measuring the transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) generated by magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves. Ballon catheters were positioned in the lower third of the esophagus and stomach. Esophageal (Pes) and gastric (Pgas) pressure changes were measured using differential pressure transducers. The pressure signals were amplified and displayed in real time on a computer (running Labview trade mark software) and Pdi derived by online subtraction of Pes from Pgas. Twenty-nine infants (14 born preterm), at a median gestational age of 37 (range, 25-42) weeks, were studied at a median postconceptional age (PCA) of 39 (range, 32-44) weeks. At time of measurement, none had respiratory problems or were hyperinflated (functional residual capacity ranged from 23-35 mL/kg). The preterm infants had significantly lower transdiaphragmatic pressures responses following median left (4.0, range 2.5-6.8 cmH(2)O vs. 4.8, range 2.8-7.2 cmH(2)O) and median right phrenic nerve stimulation (3.6, range 2.6-4.8 cmH(2)O vs. 4.3, range 2.7-6.8 cmH(2)O) (P < 0.05) than term infants. Following left and right phrenic nerve stimulation, Pdi correlated significantly with gestational age (r = 0.4, P < 0.05, and r = 0.4, P < 0.05, respectively) and PCA (r = 0.37, P = 0.05, and r = 0.56, P < 0.01, respectively). We conclude that gestational age at birth and postconceptional age at time of measurements must be taken into account when interpreting the results of infant diaphragm function tests.     

重复性经颅磁刺激对脑卒中患者运动功能的改善作用

目的探讨重复性经颅磁刺激(r TMS)对脑卒中患者运动功能的改善作用。方法收集2013-06~2015-07该院康复科住院治疗的脑卒中患者100例,随机将患者分为r TMS组和对照组各50例。对照组接受常规药物、针灸及运动等康复治疗。r TMS组在对照组基础上使用r TMS治疗。比较两组治疗前、治疗后的运动功能(Fugl-Meyer)评分、神经功能缺损(NIHSS)评分及日常生活能力(FIM)评分变化情况。结果治疗后,两组Fugl-Meyer、FIM评分比治疗前显著提高,NIHSS评分则显著降低(P0.05);治疗后,r TMS组FuglMeyer、FIM评分比对照组显著提高,NIHSS评分显著降低(P0.05)。两组治疗期间均无明显的不良反应发生。结论 r TMS对脑卒中患者的肢体运动功能有良好的改善作用,因此可作为一种无创性、新型的安全治疗手段。     

Electrical and hemodynamic function produced by stimulation of atropine sensitive right ventricular nerves in humans

In mammalian ventricles including humans, it is recognized that parasympathetic ganglia innervate the heart. Little is known about the location and function of right ventricular parasympathetic nerves in humans. We hypothesized that in humans: (1) there are parasympathetic ganglia that supply the right ventricle that can be stimulated via an endocardial catheter and (2) stimulation of these fibers will alter the electrical and hemodynamic function of the right ventricle. Parasympathetic nerve stimulation was performed via an endocardial catheter placed along several sites of the right ventricle, superior vena cava, and right internal jugular area in humans. The spatial extent of parasympathetic innervation was mapped in 1-cm zones across the right ventricle. Cardiac output, heart rate, and atrioventricular conduction were monitored to provide independent assessment of parasympathetic innervation. In all 22 patients, ventricular refractoriness shortened from 12 ± 3 to 3 ± 1 ms during parasympathetic nerve stimulation, and the greatest shortening of refractoriness was observed at the base of the right ventricle (p = 0.01). No significant shortening in ventricular refractoriness occurred in areas beyond 2 cm from the right ventricular base. These results were compared by using T table test. The parasympathetic nerve stimulation protocol decreased cardiac output, reaffirming the principle effect of parasympathetic ganglia. Atropine was administered in seven patients. All effects from nerve stimulation were abolished after atropine administration. These results were also compared by using T table test. These data provide the first demonstration of the electrical and hemodynamic function by stimulation of atropine sensitive nerves of the human right ventricle. Greater understanding of parasympathetic innervation may lead to novel therapies for arrhythmias.     

音乐节奏刺激对缺血性卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能康复的影响

目的探讨音乐节奏刺激(RAS)辅助康复训练中,对缺血性卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能的影响。方法前瞻性纳入2013年3—8月在广东省第二人民医院神经内科住院的缺血性卒中康复期偏瘫患者40例,按数字法随机分为试验组和对照组,每组20例。对两组患者均进行常规治疗及康复训练,同时给予试验组患者RAS,连续治疗30 d。对两组患者均于第1、15、30天采用Fugl-Meyer评分与足印法对下肢运动功能及步态进行评价。结果 (1)对照组和试验组患者经过30 d的康复治疗,各项指标与训练前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),表现为患者跨步长增加,分别增加29.5%和52.4%;患健两侧步长差缩短,分别缩短32.2%和42.5%;步频加快,分别加快9.5%和15.7%;最大步行速度加快,分别加快18.9%和29.5%。(2)试验组Fugl-Meyer积分在第15、30天均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),并且试验组第30天Fugl-Meyer积分高于同组第15天(P0.05);试验组第30天步态与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 RAS能够在短期内改善缺血性卒中偏瘫患者的下肢运动功能,是有效的康复治疗辅助方法。