汉族人群谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶M1、T1基因多态性分析

目的 分析汉族人群谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶M1、T1(GSTM1,GSTT1)的基因多态性分布。方法样本为60名唐山地区汉族人群，采用多重等住基因聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法分析GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性。结果 GSTM1缺失型和GSTT1缺失基因型频率分别为33．3％和11．7％，同时具有GSTM1缺失型和GSTT1缺失型的个体频率为1．7％。结论唐山地区GSTM1,GSTT1基因呈多态性分布，其等位基因和基因型频率不同于其他种族。     

汉族儿童Ⅱ相药物代谢酶基因GSTM1和GSTT1的多态性分布

目的了解谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶M1（GSTM1）和T1（GSTT1）基因多态性在中国汉族儿童中的分布特点,为临床针对不同基因型个体化药物治疗提供理论基础。方法选择首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院健康查体汉族儿童的血样,提取DNA。应用PCR法检测GSTM1和GSTT1基因型,并判断代谢表型。检索PubM ed等数据库,获得亚洲人群、黑种人和高加索人群GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性分布的数据,与本研究分析人群数据进行比较,分析基因多态性的种族差异。结果 786份研究样本纳入分析。①中国汉族分析人群GSTM1和GSTT1完全缺失基因型/慢代谢型（＊0/＊0）的频率分别为59.3%（466/786例）和58.4%（459/786例）;单拷贝缺失基因型/中间代谢型（＊1/＊0）的频率分别为34.0%（267/786例）和35.1%（276/786例）;未缺失基因型/快代谢型（＊1/＊1）的频率分别为6.7%（53/786例）和6.5%（51/786例）。②GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性分布互相独立,无明显关联。③GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性无显著性别差异。④本研究汉族分析人群GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性分布与亚洲人群较为接近,与黑种人和高加索人群有显著差异。结论 GSTM1和GSTT1基因在中国汉族儿童中以完全缺失基因型/慢代谢型（＊0/＊0）为主,具有种族特异性,为不同基因型个体制定合适的用药方案提供了参考依据。     

韩国人CYP450 1A1、CYP450 2E1和GSTM1、GSTT1、GSTP1基因座遗传多态性分析

目的 调查代谢相关的CYP4501A1、CYP4502E1和GSTM1、GSIT1、GSTP1基因座在韩国人群中的遗传多态性分布状况。方法 采用多重聚合酶链式反应、聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术，分析300名韩国健康大学生的CYP1A1基因3′端限制性内切酶Msp Ⅰ位点、CYP2E1基因5′端转录调节区Pst Ⅰ位点和GSTM1、GSTT1缺失与存在、GSTP1基因第5外显子BsmA Ⅰ位点的基因型，计算基因型和基因频率。结果 CYP1A1基因型频率为ml／ml型39．7％、ml／m2型49．7％、m2／m2型10．7％，基因频率为ml 0．645、m2 0．355。CYP2E1基因型频率为cl／cl型66．7％、cl／c2型30％、c2／c2型3．3％，基因频率为C1 0．818、C2 0．182。GSTM1基因缺失型频率为53．3％。GSTT1基因缺失型频率为54．7％。GSTP1基因型频率为Ile／Ile型62％、Ile／Val型34．3％、VaL／Val型3．7％，基因频率为Ile 0．792、Val 0．208。基因分布符合Hardy-Weirtberg平衡定律。结论 韩国人CYP1A1、CYP2E1、GSTM1、GSTT1基因分布与我国人群较为相近，半数以上人缺乏GSTM1和GSTT1基因，纯合缺失型频率超过印度人的3倍。     

壮族人群少精不育患者精细胞GSTT1和GSTM1基因研究

目的:探讨壮族人群精细胞GSTT1和GSTM1基因多态性与少精症的关系。方法:应用PCR法对75名壮族少精不育患者及36名健康男性精细胞GSTT1和GSTM1基因进行多态性研究,探讨该基因对少精症的影响。结果:实验组GSTM1基因及GSTM1+GSTT1组合的缺失型基因高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:壮族人群精细胞GSTM1基因和GSTT1+GSTM1基因多态性与男性少精症有着较为密切的联系,其具体作用机制有待进一步研究。     

贵州三个少数民族谷胱甘肽S-转移酶M1、T1和P1基因多态性

目的研究贵州省从江县侗族、威宁县彝族、荔波县瑶族的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶基因(GSTs)多态性。方法在隔离自然人群(从江县侗族108人、威宁县彝族104人、荔波县瑶族109人)中,采用多重等位基因特异聚合酶链反应方法分析GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性,采用聚合酶链反应及限制性片段长度多态性方法分析GSTP11578(A→G)基因多态性。结果贵州省从江县侗族、威宁县彝族、荔波县瑶族的GSTM1和GSTT1纯合缺失基因型频率分别为59.6%～71.2%、39.4%～72.5%。其GSTP11578(A→G)基因型频率分别是:AA为63.3%～75%、AG为23.2%～35.8%、GG为0～1.9%。等位基因频率:A为81.2%～86.6%,G为13.4%～18.8%。结论GSTT1基因型频率在贵州从江侗族、威宁彝族、荔波瑶族中存在差异,其分布特征可能与人群中不同种族以及同一种族不同民族相关。     

谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1和T1基因多态性与肺癌易感性关系的研究

目的和方法:采用病例-对照研究方法和多重PCR技术检测肺癌病例组161人和健康对照组165人的GSTM1(glutathioneS-transferaseM1)和GSTT1(glutathioneS-transferaseT1)基因缺陷型的频率,以多因素Logistic回归模型评价GSTM1和GSTT1基因型之间以及基因型与吸烟之间的交互作用。以探讨谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1和T1的基因多态性与肺癌发病的关系。结果:GSTM1基因缺陷型和GSTT1基因缺陷型的频率在病例组和对照组之间均无显著的差异。在不吸烟(SI=0)的人群中,GSTM1基因缺陷型携带者患肺癌的危险性显著增加。此外,该基因型还可显著增加年龄≥60岁者患肺腺癌的危险性。多因素Logistic回归分析显示吸烟和GSTM1基因缺陷型是肺癌的危险因素,吸烟与GSTM1和GSTT1基因型不存在交互作用。分层分析表明GSTT1基因功能型与GSTM1基因缺陷型存在明显的交互作用,在年龄≥60岁的人群及不吸烟的人群中,GSTT1基因功能型可以使得GSTM1基因缺陷型携带者患肺腺癌的危险度分别降低48.5%和45.3%。结论:GSTM1基因缺陷型是非吸烟者和年龄≥60岁者患肺癌,尤其是患肺腺癌的危险因素,GSTT1基因功能型可以降低不吸烟或年龄≥60岁的GSTM1基因缺陷型携带者患肺腺癌的危险度。在肺癌的发生过程中GSTM1和GSTT1基因缺陷型与吸烟不存在交互作用。     

中国南方汉族人群三种代谢酶基因多态性的分布特征

目的 了解中国南方某汉族人群3种肿瘤易感代谢酶基因多态性的分布特征。方法 以社区为基础的病例－对照研究中对照人群为分析对象，包括有血缘关系内对照290人和无血缘关系外对照404人。结果 3种代谢酶基因多态性在性别、居信地区、胃癌家族史、吸烟史等混杂因素中的频率差异均无显著性，个别组在年龄、饮酒史中的分布有差异，在相关性分析时需调整。CYP1A1 Ile/Val基因型频率为33.43%，Val/Val为5.62%，与中国人、日本人频率接近，但明显高于美洲、欧洲白人及美国黑人；GSTM1缺失基因频率为53.48%，在中国人群中也有一定差异；GSTT1缺失基因频率为45.78%，显著高于白种人和美国黑人。结论 中国南方汉族人CYP1A1突变基因频率和GSTT1缺失基因频率高于其它种族，而GSTM1缺失基因频率与其它种族的差异较小。     

云南24个民族群体GSTT1、GSTM1纯合缺失基因型频率的分布

目的：调查GSTT1，GSTM1纯合缺失基因型频率在云南民族群体和地理上的分布。方法：采用聚合酶链式反应的方法，对云南省11个地区24个民族群体进行GSTT1，GSTM1基因型分析。结果：GSTT1和GSTM2纯合缺失基因型频率在民族间的分布分别为0．188－0．633、0．400－0．745，地区间分布分别为0．286－0．583、0．433－0．745；基因频率与民族差异在GSTT1基因中存在统计学上的显著关系，而在GSTM1中无显著关系。基因频率与地区差异在统计学上无显著关系。结论：GSTT1，GSTM1纯合缺失基因型频率在云南各民族群体中存在差异，但在地区分布上比较均一。     

被动吸烟孕妇胎儿GSTM1、GSTT1及CYP1A1基因多态性对胎儿出生畸形的影响

目的探讨被动吸烟孕妇胎儿谷胱甘肽S转移酶M1(GSTM1)、谷胱苷肽硫转移酶T1(GSTT1)及细胞色素P450(CYP1A1)基因多态性对胎儿出生畸形的影响。方法 2009年1月至2014年12月选取在本院分娩、单胎活产出生畸形的新生儿85名为研究组,另选取同期在本院分娩的185例单胎活产正常新生儿为对照组,采用PCR技术检测两组新生儿GSTM1、GSTT1及CYP1A1基因型,运用多因素模型进行交换作用分析。结果研究组新生儿GSTM1、GSTT1基因缺失型及CYP1A1基因多态突变型频率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。通过多因素模型进行交换作用分析可知,母亲孕期被动吸烟分别与GSTM1、GSTT1基因缺失型及CYP1A1基因多态突变型有正相加模型交互作用。交互效应超额相对危险度(RERI)分别为9.85、8.12、3.26,效应指数(S)分别为1.98、1.79、1.65。结论 GSTM1、GSTT1基因缺失型及CYP1A1基因多态突变型与孕妇孕期被动吸烟存在相加模型交互作用,可能与胎儿先天发育异常的发生有密切关系。     

KIR3DL1基因内含子一个新缺失位点在中国九个民族中的多态性

目的探讨一个KIR3DL1基因内含子区变异在我国不同民族人群中的多态性和分布特点。方法采用聚合酶链式反应-序列特异性引物PCR(PCR-SSP)结合DNA测序,对来自云南、贵州、西藏和内蒙古地区9个民族10个人群共676例样本的KIR3DL1基因内含子区多态性进行分析。结果中国不同地区的民族人群中均发现KIR3DL1基因内含子2/3区存在一个4bp缺失位点,在不同民族中的基因频率为0-6.56%,其中以汉族和仡佬族较多,藏族和蒙古族较少,在不同人群之间的差异具有统计学意义。结论 KIR3DL1基因内含子2/3区域4bp缺失位点在中国不同地区和民族人群中有多态性,且不同民族间的缺失型等位基因分布存在明显差异,环境因素和民族源流可能在这种差异性形成过程中起作用。     

GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms in the Korean population

The isoenzymes of the glutathione s transferase (GST) family play a vital role in phase II of biotransformation of many substances. Using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction and a direct sequencing analysis, the frequencies of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms were evaluated in 1,051 Korean male subjects. We found that 53.8% of the individuals had the GSTM1 null genotype and 54.3% had the GSTT 1 null genotype. The genotypic distribution of GSTP1 was Ile105/Ile105 in 68.4%, Ile105/Val105 in 29.1% and Val105/Va105 in 2.5%. The most frequently observed combination of GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 genotypes was Null type/Ile105/Ile105/Null type, while the combination of Non-null type/Val105/Val105/Non-Null type was not observed. We found that the genotype distributions of three GST isoenzymes in the Koreans are similar to those reported in Asians and previously reported Koreans. We believe our results, which are represented by a large population, are reliable estimates of the frequencies of the polymorphic GST alleles in the Koreans and will help future researches on GST polymorphisms.     

Linkage and association studies of the relationship between endometriosis and genes encoding the detoxification enzymes GSTM1, GSTT1 and CYP1A1.

An association between endometriosis and the glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 null mutation has been reported in French and Slavic populations. We aimed to replicate this association of endometriosis in a UK population, and to test for association with the GSTT1 null mutation or the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 MspI polymorphism. We genotyped 148 women each with endometriosis (sporadic cases, n = 91; familial cases, n = 57), a population control of 95 male blood donors, and a control group of 53 women with a normal pelvis at hysterectomy. No significant differences were found between cases and controls in the frequencies of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null mutations, or the CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism. However, the combination of the GSTM1 null genotype and the CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism was associated with a small increased risk of endometriosis, and this warrants further investigation. We also tested for linkage to the chromosome 1p13 region, to which GSTM1 has been mapped, in 52 sister-pairs with stage III-IV disease using three highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. However, there was no evidence of linkage, suggesting that this region may not be implicated in disease susceptibility.     

The role of glutathione transferases M1 and T1 in individual susceptibility to bladder cancer in a Tunisian population

BACKGROUND: Susceptibility to bladder cancer is thought to depend on interplay between genetic factors and environmental chemical carcinogens. AIM: This study seeks to determine the role of the glutathione transferases M1 and T1 null genotypes (GSTM1*0 and GSTT1*0) in individual susceptibility to bladder cancer in a Tunisian population. METHOD: Sixty-two patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder cancer and 79 controls were examined with respect to the frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes. RESULTS: The frequencies of the GSTT1 null in the total group of bladder cancer cases vs. controls did not differ statistically. The proportion of GSTM1 null genotype in patients was 63% compared to 45% in controls group (OR = 2.03; 95% CI 0.97-4.24; p = 0.04). A significantly higher incidence of GSTM1 deletion genotype was found in smokers with bladder cancer compared to the controls (65.38% vs. 45.5%). Smokers lacking the GSTM1 gene are at an approximately 2.2-fold higher risk of bladder cancer (OR= 2.23, 95% CI 1-5.15; p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that in Tunisian subjects the GSTM1 null genotype may be associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. This association appears to depend upon smoking status.     

Possible risk modification by CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms in lung cancer susceptibility in a South Indian population

Susceptibility to lung cancer has been shown to be modulated by inheritance of polymorphic genes encoding cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and glutathione S transferases (GSTM1 and GSTT1), which are involved in the bioactivation and detoxification of environmental toxins. As the incidence of lung cancer is known to differ according to ethnicity, we have conducted a case-control study of 146 South Indian lung cancer patients along with 146 healthy controls, to assess any association between CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, either separately or in combination, with the likelihood of development of lung cancer in our population. The current weight of evidence from our study indicated that the frequency of CYP1A1 MspI homozygous variant alleles was significantly higher in cases (OR=3.178). We observed a considerable difference in the GSTT1 null deletion frequency in this population when compared with other populations (OR=2.472, 95% CI: 1.191–5.094, P=0.014). There was no relative risk in GSTM1 null genotype when analysed singly (P=0.453). Considering genotype combinations, risk of lung cancer increased remarkably significantly in individuals having one variant allele of CYP1A1, GSTM1, or GSTT1, suggesting gene–gene interactions. Rare genotypic combinations (such as CYP1A1 wild GSTM1 or GSTT1 either null; CYP1A1 variant both GSTM1 and GSTT1 present; CYP1A1 variant GSTM1 or GSTT1 either null), were at higher risk compared to the reference group. Moreover, patients who had smoked <20 pack years and harboured the CYP1A1 variant allele or the GSTT1 null genotype also had a significant risk of lung cancer. Hence our study—the first to analyse a South Indian population—suggests the importance of combined CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in the development of smoking-induced lung cancer.     

Impact of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms on the smoking-related coronary artery disease

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) plays a key role in the detoxification of xenobiotic atherogen generated by smoking. To analyze the effect of GSTM1/T1 gene polymorphisms on the development of smoking-related coronary artery disease (CAD), 775 Korean patients who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled. The subjects were classified by luminal diameter stenosis into group A (>50%), B (20-50%), or C (<20%). GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms were analyzed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for GSTM1/T1 genes and CYP1A1 gene for internal control. Of 775 subjects, 403 patients belonged to group A. They had higher risk factors for CAD than group B (N=260) and group C (N=112). The genotype frequencies of null GSTM1 and GSTT1 showed no significant differences among 3 groups. Considering the effect of GSTM1 gene polymorphisms on the smoking-related CAD, smokers with GSTM1 null genotype had more increased risk for CAD than non-smoker with GSTM1 positive genotype (odds ratios [OR], 2.07, confidence interval [CI], 1.06-4.07). Also the effect of GSTT1 gene polymorphism on smoking-related CAD showed the same tendency as GSTM1 gene (OR, 2.00, CI, 1.05-3.84). This effect of GSTM1/T1 null genotype on smoking-related CAD was augmented when both gene polymorphisms were considered simultaneously (OR, 2.76, CI, 1.17-6.52). We concluded that GSTM1/T1 null genotype contributed to the pathogenesis of smoking-related CAD to some degree.     

Polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 gene LOCI in COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex combination of signs and symptoms in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema, diseases that largely result from cigarette smoking. A little information is available for the underlying molecular mechanisms that are responsible for its occurrence. Polymorphisms in genes of xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes are expected to modulate individual responses to genotoxic carcinogens. Present study was a case–control study of COPD patients and healthy controls. Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in 50 COPD patients and 50 healthy controls were investigated using multiplex polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques to determine whether polymorphisms of these genes are linked to genetic susceptibility to COPD. All subjects were males and smokers. The frequency of GSTM1 homozygous null genotype was 28.0% in COPD cases when compared with controls (32.0%). The difference was not significant showing that risk of COPD was not associated with the GSTM1 null genotypes. The frequencies of homozygous null genotypes of GSTT1 were significantly higher in COPD cases as compared with controls (40% versus 14.0%) suggesting that the theta-glutathione S-transferases null genotype may be associated with the susceptibility to COPD. No significant differences were observed when comparisons were performed according to severity of disease and smoking for GSTM1 and GSTT1. It was also observed that COPD developed in the early age and with a shorter pack-year history in Indian population.     

The role of glutathione transferases M1 and T1 in individual susceptibility to bladder cancer in a Tunisian population

Background: Susceptibility to bladder cancer is thought to depend on interplay between genetic factors and environmental chemical carcinogens.

Aim: This study seeks to determine the role of the glutathione transferases M1 and T1 null genotypes (GSTM1*0 and GSTT1*0) in individual susceptibility to bladder cancer in a Tunisian population.

Method: Sixty-two patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder cancer and 79 controls were examined with respect to the frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes.

Results: The frequencies of the GSTT1 null in the total group of bladder cancer cases vs. controls did not differ statistically. The proportion of GSTM1 null genotype in patients was 63% compared to 45% in controls group (OR?=?2.03; 95% CI 0.97–4.24; p?=?0.04). A significantly higher incidence of GSTM1 deletion genotype was found in smokers with bladder cancer compared to the controls (65.38% vs. 45.5%). Smokers lacking the GSTM1 gene are at an approximately 2.2-fold higher risk of bladder cancer (OR?=?2.23, 95% CI 1–5.15; p?=?0.03).

Conclusion: This study suggests that in Tunisian subjects the GSTM1 null genotype may be associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. This association appears to depend upon smoking status.