经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化门脉高压症患者疗效和血流动力学变化分析

目的 探讨采用经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术(TIPS)治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化并发门脉高压症(PHT)患者的疗效及其对血流动力学的影响。方法 2017年1月～2019年5月我院诊治的乙型肝炎肝硬化并发PHT患者96例,被随机分为两组,分组接受TIPS或腹腔镜下脾切除联合门奇静脉断流术治疗。采用ELISA法检测血清缺氧诱导因子-1α(HlF-1α)、金属基质蛋白酶2(MMP-2)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF),使用彩色多普勒超声诊断系统检测门静脉直径(PVD)、门静脉血流流量(PVF)和门静脉血流流速(PVV)。结果 治疗后,TIPS组血清白蛋白水平为(36.3±3.6)g/L,血氨水平为(92.1±4.5) μmmol/L,显著高于开腹手术组【分别为(32.6±3.1)g/L和(54.2±5.6)μmmol/L, P<0.05】;PVV为(36.4±3.8)cm/s),显著快于开腹组【(32.5±3.1)cm/s),P<0.05】;血清HIF-α水平为(0.5±0.3)ng/mL,显著高于开腹组【(0.4±0.1)ng/mL,P<0.05】,而血清MMP-2和VEGF水平分别为(213.6±30.4)ng/mL和(92.3±9.7)ng/mL,显著低于开腹组【分别为(244.9±35.3)ng/mL和(112.4±12.8)ng/mL,P<0.05】;在术后6个月,TIPS组肝性脑病发生率为22.9%,显著高于开腹组的8.3%(P<0.05),而两组感染、再出血和肝功能稳定发生率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 采用TIPS术治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化并发PHT患者可改善门脉血流动力学参数,防止再出血,但有导致血氨升高和发生肝性脑病之虞,应该注意防治。     

Growth hormone-stimulated IGF-1 generation in cirrhosis reflects hepatocellular dysfunction

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Previous studies reported decreased serum IGF-1 levels in cirrhosis. We aimed to correlate GH-stimulated IGF-1 responses with both MELD and Child-Pugh scores and determine the impact of portal hypertension and nutrition on IGF-1 responses. METHODS: Fifty-three patients (56+/-2 yrs) with cirrhosis were enrolled. Serum IGF-1 levels were measured by RIA before and 24h after a single injection of GH (0.06 mg/kg). RESULTS: Compared to controls, basal IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased in patients with cirrhosis (17.3+/-6.3 vs 13.6+/-5.1, P<0.001). Increments in IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in cirrhotic patients (controls: 133% vs 49% in MELD score <10, 38% in MELD score 11-18, and 13% in MELD score 19-24, p<0.001). 37% of patients had blunted IGF-1 responses. Increments in IGF-1 levels correlated with albumin (r=0.6), portal congestive index (r=0.4), and MAMC (r=0.25). By multivariate analysis, only CP (OR 5.7) and MELD scores (OR 4.5) accurately differentiated between blunted or non-blunted IGF-1 responses and not portal hypertension (OR 0.9) or malnutrition (OR 1.35). CONCLUSIONS: Cirrhosis is associated with low IGF-1 levels and an attenuated response to exogenous GH. These findings correlate better with the extent of hepatic dysfunction rather than the presence of portal hypertension or malnutrition.     

Serum neopterin levels in children with hepatitis-B-related chronic liver disease and its relationship to disease severity

AIM： To evaluate serum neopterin levels and their correlations with liver function tests and histological grade in children with hepatitis-B-related chronic liver disease. METHODS： The study population comprised 48 patients with chronic active hepatitis B, 32 patients with hepatitis-B-related active liver cirrhosis and 40 normal controls. Serum neopterin was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS： The mean ＋ SD serum neopterin levels were 14.2 ± 5.6 nmol/L in patients with chronic hepatitis, 20.3 ± 7.9 nmol/L in patients with liver cirrhosis and 5.2 ± 1.4 nmol/L in control group. Serum neopterin levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic hepatitis （P = 0.005） and cirrhosis patients （P = 0.008）, than in control subjects. Cirrhotic patients had significantly higher serum neopterin levels than patients with chronic hepatitis （P = 0.004）. There was a positive correlation between serum neopterin levels and alanine aminotransferase levels in patients with chronic hepatitis （r = 0.41, P = 0.004） and cirrhotic patients （r = 0.39, P = 0.005）. Positive correlations were detected between serum neopterin levels and inflammatory score in patients with chronic hepatitis （r = 0.51, P = 0.003） and cirrhotic patients （r = 0.49, P = 0.001）. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that serum neopterin levels can be considered as a marker of inflammatory activity and severity of disease in children with hepatitis-B-related chronic liver disease.     

Cardiac dysfunction in portal hypertension among patients with cirrhosis and non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In cirrhosis, diastolic dysfunction of heart is well documented. Contribution of portal hypertension towards cardiac changes in cirrhosis is difficult to assess. We examined the patients of non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis who have portal hypertension without liver insufficiency to understand the contribution of portal hypertension in causing cardiac changes. METHODS: Cardiac function was studied in four groups of patients: normal controls, patients with non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (having portal hypertension without liver dysfunction) and cirrhotics with and without ascites. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Additional measurements of plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels were performed. RESULTS: Diastolic function as assessed by the ratio between E wave and A wave (E/A ratio), was significantly lower in patients with non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (median 1.3) compared to normal controls (median 1.52). However, even lower values were observed in cirrhotics without ascites (median 1.05) and with ascites (median 0.94). There was a significant correlation (r=-0.75) between plasma aldosterone levels and the E/A ratio in cirrhotics. CONCLUSIONS: Diastolic dysfunction is not only present in cirrhosis but also in non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis. It indicates that portal hypertension is an important factor in the genesis of cardiac dysfunction.     

血清PTX3和sTWEAK预测失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者死亡临床价值分析

目的 检测失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清正五聚蛋白3(PTX3)和人可溶性肿瘤坏死因子样凋亡弱诱导因子(sTWEAK)水平,并分析其预测失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者死亡的临床价值.方法 2016年1月～2019年6月我院肝病科收治的失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者108例,随访6个月.采用化学发光免疫分析法测定血清肿瘤坏死因子...     

原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者血清甲状腺激素水平和抗甲状腺抗体阳性率变化*

目的 探讨原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)患者血清甲状腺激素水平和抗甲状腺抗体阳性率变化。方法 2018年1月～2020年1月我院收治的PBC患者94例,其中肝硬化50例(Child-Pugh A级29例,B级15例,C级6例)和胆管炎44例,另选择同期于我院健康体检者60名,采用化学发光免疫法测定血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平及血清甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)和甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)。结果 胆管炎患者血清FT3、FT4和TSH水平分别为(2.4±0.5)ng/L、(1.4±0.2)ng/L和(8.9±2.3)ng/L,血清TPOAb和TGAb阳性率分别为77.3%和81.8%,肝硬化患者血清FT3、FT4和TSH水平分别为(1.9±0.3)ng/L、(1.0±0.1)ng/L和(19.7±4.9)ng/L,血清和TPOAb和TGAb阳性率分别为70.0%和64.0%,而健康人血清FT3、FT4和TSH水平分别为(2.8±0.8)ng/L、(1.8±0.3)ng/L和(3.4±1.2)ng/L,血清TPOAb和TGAb阳性率均为0.0%,肝硬化和胆管炎患者血清FT3和FT4水平显著低于,血清TSH水平显著高于健康人(P＜0.05),而肝硬化患者血清FT3和FT4水平显著低于,血清TSH水平显著高于胆管炎患者(P＜0.05),肝硬化和胆管炎患者血清TPOAb和TGAb阳性率比较,无统计学差异(P＞0.05);在肝硬化患者中,Child-Pugh A级患者血清FT3和FT4水平显著高于,血清TSH水平显著低于Child-Pugh B级或C级患者(P＜0.05),而Child-Pugh B级患者血清FT3和FT4水平显著高于,血清TSH水平显著低于Child-Pugh C级患者(P＜0.05),不同肝功能分级的肝硬化患者血清TPOAb和TGAb阳性率比较,无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。结论 原发性胆汁性肝硬化和胆管炎患者血清FT3、FT4和TSH水平显著不同于健康人,血清TPOAb和TGAb阳性率较高,其临床意义值得进一步观察和研究。     

生存素在慢性肝病患者外周血中的表达

目的评价慢性肝病患者外周血生存素检测对慢性肝病的诊断价值。方法将研究对象分为原发性肝癌组、乙肝肝硬化组、慢性乙型肝炎组和正常对照组。各组采集空腹外周静脉血3 ml,通过双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法检测生存素浓度。结果原发性肝癌组、乙肝肝硬化组、慢性乙型肝炎组和正常对照组外周血生存素浓度分别为(83.70±14.45)ng/L、(70.58±9.78)ng/L、(67.90±9.14)ng/L和(65.07±7.58)ng/L。慢性乙型肝炎组与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),乙肝肝硬化组与正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),原发性肝癌组外周血生存素浓度明显高于乙肝肝硬化组、慢性乙型肝炎组和正常对照组,差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。根据试验结果绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,原发性肝癌组ROC曲线下面积为0.82。结论外周血生存素是一种有诊断价值的评价慢性肝病的血清学指标,尤其对于原发性肝癌的诊断具有一定的价值。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者血清胱抑素C、脂蛋白α和nesfatin-1水平变化及其临床意义探讨*

目的 探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者血清胱抑素C(CysC)、脂蛋白α(Lp-α)和人新饱食分子蛋白1(nesfatin-1)水平变化及其临床意义。方法 2019年7月～2021年11月我院诊治的NAFLD患者119例和同期经年龄和性别匹配的健康体检者65例,采用ELISA法检测血清CysC、Lp-α和nesfatin-1水平,应用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)评估血清指标评估重度NAFLD的效能。结果 NAFLD患者血清CysC水平为(1.5±0.4)mg/L,显著高于对照组【(0.8±0.2)mg/L,P＜0.05】,而血清Lp-α和nesfatin-1水平分别为(88.5±18.6)mg/L和(0.9±0.2)ng/mL,显著低于对照组【分别为(140.3±29.5)mg/L和(1.6±0.3)ng/mL,P＜0.05】;重度NAFLD患者血清CysC水平为(1.9±0.3)mg/L,显著高于中度患者【(1.6±0.3)mg/L,P＜0.05】或轻度患者【(1.2±0.2)mg/L,P＜0.05】,而血清Lp-α和nesfatin-1水平分别为(63.6±15.9)mg/L和(0.4±0.1)ng/mL,显著低于中度患者【分别为(88.2±14.3)mg/L和(0.9±0.2)ng/mL,P＜0.05】或轻度患者【分别为(104.3±17.8)mg/L和(1.2±0.3)ng/mL,P＜0.05】;Logistic回归分析显示血清CysC、空腹血糖、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇高水平或血清Lp-α和nesfatin-1低水平是严重NAFLD发生的独立危险因素(P＜0.05); 联合应用血清CysC、Lp-α和nesfatin-1水平评估重度NAFLD发生的AUC为0.887,显著高于三项指标单独评估的0.738、0.773和0.776(P＜0.05),其灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别为86.7%、80.9%和82.4%。结论 NAFLD患者血清CysC水平升高,而血清Lp-α和nesfatin-1水平降低,它们水平的变化与肝脂肪变程度相关,其临床意义值得探讨。     

Conservation of whole body nitric oxide metabolism in human alcoholic liver disease: implications for nitric oxide production

OBJECTIVE: Patients with advanced liver diseases tend to develop a hyperdynamic circulation which complicates cirrhosis. Impairment of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent whole body NO production in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten patients with decompensated alcoholic liver disease and portal hypertension (Child-Pugh Classifications B and C with no signs of infection) and 10 age- and gender-matched control subjects received an intravenous infusion of L-[15N]2-arginine (50 micromol/min for 30 min). Urine and serum nitrite and nitrate concentrations were determined using ion chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: NOS-dependent whole body NO synthesis was estimated by the conversion of [15N]guanidino nitrogen of arginine to urine 15N-nitrite and 15N-nitrate. The amount of 15N-nitrite and 15N-nitrate in the urine of patients and control subjects was significantly correlated with the amount of urine nitrite and nitrate over 36 h (r=0.91 and 0.77, respectively, p<0.0001). However, neither a median of 12 h 15N-nitrite and 15N-nitrate nor nitrite and nitrate excretion in the urine was different between patients and control subjects, 46.4 (9.4-152.2) versus 98.7 (29.9-146.5) nmol/mmol creatinine and 20.6 (2.1-69.0) versus 40.0 (27.0-70.1) micromol/mmol creatinine, respectively. No differences were found in serum nitrite and nitrate concentrations and glomerular filtration rates between patients and control subjects, 111.4 (73.2-158.8) versus 109.3 (83.5-176.4) micromol/l. CONCLUSION: Our results contraindicate a greater basal NOS-dependent whole body NO production in patients with decompensated liver disease and portal hypertension.     

Clinical significance of serum IGF-Ⅰ,IGF-Ⅱ and IGFBP-3 in liver cirrhosis

AIM: To investigate the relationship between insulin-likegrowth factor-Ⅰ, -Ⅱ (IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ), IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and Child-Pugh score in patients with liver cirrhosis, and to search for potential clinical markers of liver function. METHODS: Forty-four patients with advanced liver cirrhosis of viral origin were divided into 3 groups according to severity of cirrhosis (Child-Pugh score) and 38 healthy subjectsserved as controls. Serum levels of IGF-Ⅰ, IGF-Ⅱ and IGFBP3 were measured by immunoradiometric assay.RESULTS: Serum IGF-Ⅰ, IGF-Ⅱ and IGFBP-3 levels weresignificantly lower in patients with cirrhosis than in controls, and serum concentrations of IGF-Ⅰ, IGF-Ⅱ and IGFBP-3 were associated with the severity of liver dysfunction, and dropped sharply during the progression of liver failure. Among these 3 parameters, serum IGF-Ⅱ was the most sensitive and effective indicator for liver dysfunction. Concentrations of IGF-Ⅰ＜30 ng/mL, IGF-Ⅱ＜200 ng/mL and IGFBP-3 ＜6 ng/mL implied a negative prognosis for patients with liver cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: Serum IGF-Ⅰ, IGF-Ⅱ and IGFBP-3 may provide a new dimension in the assessment of liver dysfunction. Combined detection of serum IGF-Ⅰ, IGF-Ⅱ and IGFBP-3 with Child-Pugh score is more effective in predicting prognosis than Child-Pugh score alone.     

肝细胞恶性转化过程中胰岛素样生长因子-I受体的动态表达与改变

目的观察肝细胞恶性转化过程中胰岛素样生长因子-I受体（IGF-IR）的动态表达与改变特征。方法以2-乙酰氨基芴（2-FAA）喂饲雄性SD大鼠诱发肝癌发生,分别观察肝细胞形态学、肝及血IGF-1R的动态变化。以免疫组化法观察肝组织IGF-1R表达,以RT-PCR扩增IGF-1R mRNA表达片段并经测序证实,从基因转录和蛋白水平上分析与肝细胞恶性转化的相互关系。结果诱癌过程中肝细胞出现颗粒样变性、癌前病变到肝癌形成的动态变化,伴肝核酸代谢旺盛,肝IGF-IR表达异常;肝IGF-IR阳性率（%）、肝IGF-IR mRNA阳性率（%）、肝IGF-IR比浓度（ng/mg肝组织）和血IGF-IR（ng/ml）分别为：对照组0、0、0.63±0.17和1.33±0.47;变性组50、61.1、0.65±0.2和1.51±0.46;癌前组88.9、100、0.66±0.14和1.92±0.29;癌变组100、100、0.96±0.09和2.43±0.57。IGF-IR在转录或蛋白水平上呈梯度表达,癌变组显著高于其他组（P〈0.01）,且肝和血IGF-IR呈显著正相关（r=0.91,t=14.222,P〈0.001）。结论 IGF-1R过表达参与肝细胞癌变,是肝细胞恶性转化的早期标志。     

Plasma Nogo-A and placental growth factor levels are associated with portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND Clinically significant portal hypertension(CSPH) and severe portal hypertension(SPH) increase the risk for decompensation and life-threatening complications in liver cirrhosis. Pathologic angiogenesis might contribute to the formation of these conditions. Placental growth factor(PlGF) and Nogo-A protein are biomarkers of pathological angiogenesis, but data on their role in liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension is scarce.AIM To determine plasma levels of PlGF and Nogo-A in patients with liver cirrhosis,CSPH, SPH and potential to predict portal hypertension.METHODS A cohort of 122 patients with hepatitis C virus and/or alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis with characterized hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG) were included in the study. Demographic data, medical history, Child-Turcotte-Pugh and Model of End Stage liver disease score, clinical chemistry, liver stiffnessvalues were recorded on the day of the procedure prior HVPG measurement. The degree of portal hypertension was determined by the invasive HVPG measurement. Nogo-A and PlGF plasma levels were evaluated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The control group consisted of 30 healthy age-and sex-matched individuals.RESULTS Peripheral PlGF levels were higher and Nogo-A levels were lower in patients with liver cirrhosis(23.20 vs 9.85; P 0.0001 and 2.19 vs 3.12; P = 0.004 respectively). There was a positive linear correlation between peripheral levels of PlGF and HVPG(r = 0.338, P = 0.001) and negative linear correlation between the peripheral Nogo-A levels and HVPG(r =-0.267, P = 0.007). PlGF levels were higher in CSPH and SPH(P = 0.006; P 0.0001) whereas Nogo-A levels were lower(P = 0.01; P 0.033). Area under the curve for the diagnosis of CSPH for PlGF was 0.68(P = 0.003) and for Nogo-A-0.67(P = 0.01); for SPH 0.714(P 0.0001) and 0.65(P = 0.014) respectively. PlGF levels were higher and Nogo-A levels were lower in patients with esophageal varices(P 0.05). PlGF cut-off value of 25 pg/mL distinguished patients with CSPH at 55.7% sensitivity and76.7% specificity; whereas Nogo-A cut-off value of 1.12 ng/mL was highly specific(93.1%) for the diagnosis of CSPH.CONCLUSION Plasma PlGF levels were higher while Nogo-A levels were lower in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Biomarkers showed moderate predictive value in determining CSPH and SPH.     

Results of modified Sugiura operation in variceal bleeding in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Esophageal variceal bleeding is a major complication of portal hypertension and the optimal therapeutic modality for each individual patient differs. We reviewed the results of modified Sugiura procedure in patients with variceal bleeding of esophagus. METHODOLOGY: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 13 patients who were subjected to modified Sugiura procedure (transabdominal esophagogastric devascularization + esophageal stapled transection + splenectomy) for bleeding esophageal varices between 1996 and 2001. Three patients disappeared from routine follow-up and were excluded from the study. Survival, rebleeding and encephalopathy were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age was 46 (18-56). The etiology of portal hypertension was cirrhosis of liver in six (60%) and portal vein thrombosis in four (40%). One patient had Child-Pugh's Class A, two had Class B and three had Class C cirrhosis. Previous variceal bleeding were confirmed by endoscopy in all patients who had recurrent variceal bleeding despite treatment with beta-blockers (three patients) or endoscopic sclerotherapy +/- band ligation (seven patients). Two were subjected to emergency surgery while the remaining eight were operated on electively. No postoperative mortality was seen. The bleeders were stopped immediately in the emergent cases. During a mean follow-up of 27 (4-53) months, one (10%) patient suffered from encephalopathy and one (10%) from rebleeding at 20th and 28th months after the operation respectively. Three (30%) patients with Child C cirrhosis died due to bleeding (one) and hepatic failure (two) at 4, 25, and 28 months after the surgery. The prognoses of other patients are well at the present time. CONCLUSIONS: In our small number of patients, modified Sugiura procedure was found to be a safe and effective procedure for urgent and long-term control of bleeding varices in patients with portal hypertension due to cirrhosis and noncirrhotic etiology. The outcomes are encouraging in noncirrhotic patients and cirrhotic patients with good liver functions.     

经门静脉移植脐带血干细胞治疗失代偿期肝硬化患者30例疗效观察

目的 探讨经门静脉移植脐带血干细胞治疗失代偿期肝硬化患者的安全性及对肝功能的改善作用.方法 选择失代偿期肝硬化患者61例,分为治疗组30例和对照组31例.对照组行护肝治疗,治疗组在此基础上行超声介入下经皮经肝穿刺至门静脉注入脐带血于细胞治疗.治疗后第2、4和8周检测血清ALT、AST、TBil、凝血酶原时间(PT)和白蛋白(Alb)水平变化.同时观察临床症状的改善情况及术后的不良反应.结果 治疗后第3d治疗组患者(100％)乏力、纳差症状改善,而对照组只有2例(6.4％)改善,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后8周,治疗组和对照组血清Alb水平分别为(36.4 ±7.8)g/L和(26.4±8.2)g/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组凝血酶原活动度(PTA)分别为(57.2±11.8)％和(46.8±10.7)％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);血清ALT、AST、TBil在两组间变化不明显.随访两组甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平未见明显差异,未发现严重的不良反应及并发症.结论 经门静脉移植脐带血干细胞治疗失代偿期肝硬化患者有一定的疗效及安全性.     

乙型肝炎和肝硬化患者血清血管紧张素系统的变化及其与肝纤维化的关系

探讨乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）中血管紧张素原（AGT）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）和血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）水平与肝纤维化指标的关系。方法在180例研究对象中,正常人30例、轻度肝炎30例、中度肝炎30例和肝硬化患者90例,其中肝硬化患者中Child-Pugh A级、B级和C级各30例。采用ELISA 法检测血清AGT、Ang Ⅱ和ACE水平;采用化学免疫法检测血清透明质酸（HA）、层粘连蛋白（LN）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）和Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）水平。结果肝硬化患者血清HA、LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、AGT、AngⅡ和ACE水平分别为（350.7±124.9） ng/L、（307.3±139.5） ng/L、（280.3±141.3） ng/L、（256.25±110.42） ng/L、（3.45±0.66） ng/mL、（120.58±26.69） ng/L和（79.70±25.67） U/L,均显著高于正常对照组[分别为（68.8±20.7） ng/L、（58.6±20.9） ng/L、（53.0±21.1） ng/L、（47.0±21.1） ng/L、（3.0±0.4） ng/ml、（104.0±13.8） ng/L和（61.6±12.6） U/L,P〈0.05];肝硬化Child-Pugh A级和B级患者血清AGT水平分别为（3.4±0.4） ng/ml和（3.3±0.6） ng/ml,均显著高于正常人（P〈0.05）;肝硬化 Child-Pugh C级患者AngⅡ和ACE水平分别为（125.4±19.1） ng/L和（83.4±22.5） U/L,均显著高于正常人（P〈0.05）;AGT、AngⅡ和ACE与肝纤维化指标间均无显著性相关。结论随着肝纤维化或肝硬化病情的进展,患者血浆 AGT、AngⅡ和ACE水平逐渐升高,其生理病理性作用还有待于进一步研究。     

肝硬化合并高血压患者的临床特征分析

目的分析肝硬化患者合并高血压的临床特征。方法选取2008年1月-2010年12月于中国医科大学附属第一医院住院的797例肝硬化患者,比较肝硬化患者中高血压的患病率与普通人群高血压患病率的差异,以及合并高血压和不合并高血压与肝脏功能和血清离子之间的关系。结果肝硬化患者合并高血压组的患病率为4.14%,明显低于普通人群高血压患病率(18.80%)(χ2=112.064,P0.001);肝硬化合并高血压组血清门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(64.85±57.13)U/L、碱性磷酸酶(117.30±70.47)U/L和总胆汁酸(31.29±30.72)U/L等均低于肝硬化未合并高血压组,后者分别为(92.30±135.48)U/L(t=-2.159)、(147.19±135.98)U/L(t=-2.153)和(53.50±61.10)U/L(t=-3.227)(P均0.05),而血清白蛋白(33.98±11.29)g/L则高于肝硬化未合并高血压组(31.15±7.44)g/L(t=1.991,P0.05);胆红素代谢功能、凝血功能和血清离子等比较,在两组之间差异无统计学意义。结论肝硬化患者合并高血压的患病率明显低于普通人群,合并高血压时部分肝功能损伤低于未合并高血压者,合并高血压可能延缓肝硬化进展。     

血清层粘连蛋白检测反映食管静脉曲张程度

对21例肝硬化,15例慢性活动性肝炎,19例非肝病患者及30例健康对照者进行血清层粘连蛋白(laminin, LN)检测。结果发现肝硬化、慢性活动性肝炎患者血清LN显著高于正常对照者,更值得注意的是血清LN与食管静脉曲张程度呈显著正相关(r=0.75,P<0.01)。血清LN测定不仅反映肝损害及肝纤维化程度,而且独特地反映食管静脉曲张程度,是一种非创伤性的监测食管曲张的手段,对预测食管曲张静脉破裂出血有益,值得推广。     

Effect of carvedilol on portal hypertension depends on the degree of endothelial activation and inflammatory changes

OBJECTIVE: Bleeding from esophageal varices is a major complication of liver cirrhosis. Non-selective beta-blockers exert an influence on the functional part of portal hypertension, thereby reducing the risk of bleeding. Direct measurement of this functional part is not possible; nevertheless, pro-inflammatory markers as well as parameters of endothelial dysfunction might serve as surrogate markers. The aim of study was to assess the correlation between the therapeutic efficacy of carvedilol and markers of endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension were given carvedilol, 25 mg q.i.d. for 30 days. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and biochemical determinations were performed prior to and after the treatment. Eight healthy individuals served as controls for comparison of biochemical markers. RESULTS: In the whole group of cirrhotic patients, HVPG decreased from 17.7+/-3.8 to 14.9+/-4.8 mmHg (p<0.001). Complete response was seen in 15 patients (42%). Baseline serum levels of E-selectin were significantly higher in responders than in non-responders (119.8+/-70.6 versus 52.6+/-25.7 ng/ml; p=0.023) and in controls (28.8+/-22.2 ng/ml; p=0.004). Furthermore, baseline TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher in responders than in non-responders (22.8+/-15.7 versus 7+/-8.9; p=0.047) and in controls (5.5+/-5.9 pg/ml; p=0.005). Serum levels of ICAM-1 showed the same trend (4360+/-2870 versus 2861+/-1577 versus 651+/-196 ng/ml), although differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction seem to predict the hypotensive effect of carvedilol on portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis and may be useful in the assessment of the efficacy of the therapy.     

CD34+细胞水平变化对老年人不同程度慢性左心衰竭的影响

目的 观察循环CD34+细胞(CD34+)水平变化对不同程度老年慢性左心衰竭的影响.方法 根据美国纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)分级临床标准和左室射血分数(LVEF)将所有入选者分为Ⅰ级组23例,Ⅱ级组27例,Ⅲ级组20例,Ⅳ级组16例,同期健康对照组41例.测定不同程度老年慢性左心衰竭患者CD34+的水平,并与肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体1、2(sTNFR-1 sTNFR一2)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平进行对照分析.结果 慢性左心衰竭的早期CD34+水平升高,随着慢性左心衰竭程度的加重CD34+的水平下降,对照组、NYHA I组、NYHAⅡ组、NYHAⅢ组和NYHAⅣ组分别为(0.6±0.2)×108/L、(2.4±0.4)×109/L、(1.9±0.2)×109/L、(1.3±0.1)×109/L和(0.5±0.2)×109/L,两两比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01).TNF-α,、sTNFR-1、sTNFR-2和VEGF水平明显增高,NYHA Ⅰ组与NYHAⅣ组TNF-α[分别为(28.4±10.8)ng/L与(61.4±15.7)ng/L]、sTNFR-1[(690.8±62.7)ng/L与(2820.9±1282.8)ng/L]、sTNFR_2[(740.8±112.3)ng/L与(4113.1±1102.2)ng/L]、VEGF [(423.3±147.9)ng/L与(996.3±487.1)ng/L]比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01).结论 CD34+水平的变化可能预测老年慢性左心衰竭的发生、发展及严重程度.     

Spider angiomas in Patients with liver Cirrhosis:Role of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibrobalast growth factor

AIM: To investigate whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) are associated with spider angiomas in patients with liver cirrhosis.METHODS: Eighty-six patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled and the number and size of the spider angiomas were recorded. Fifty-three healthy subjects were selected as controls. Plasma levels of VEGF and bFGF were measured in both the cirrhotics and the controls.RESULTS: Plasma VEGF and bFGF were increased in cirrhotics compared with controls (L22±13 vs. 71±11 pg/mL, P=0.003for VEGF; 5.1±0.5 vs. 3.4-±0.5 pg/mL, P=0.022 for bFGF). In cirrhotics, plasma VEGF and bFGF were also higher in patients with spider angiomas compared with patients without spider angiomas (185±28 vs. 90±10 pg/mL, P=0.003 for VEGF;6.8±1.0 vs. 4.1±0.5 pg/mL, P=0.017 for bFGF). Multivariate logistic regression showed that young age and increased plasma levels of VEGF and bFGF were the most significant predictors for the presence of spider angiomas in cirrhotic patients (odds ratio [OR]=6.64, 95 % confidence interval [CI]=2.02-21.79, P=0.002; OR=4.35, 95 % CI=1.35-14.01,P=0.014; OR=5.66, 95 % CI=1.72-18.63, P=0.004, respectively).CONCLUSION: Plasma VEGF and bFGF are elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis. Age as well as plasma levels of VEGF and bFGF are significant predictors for spider angiomas in cirrhotic patients.