蜱类精子的形态

作者从蜱总科的两科5属中共观察蜱精子8种,并对科、属和种之间精子的差别做了比较。硬蜱和软蜱两科精子的主要区别是:前者纤细,后者粗大,后者长度为前者的1.5～6.9倍。除血蜱属外,头尾分明是两科精子的共同特征。在硬蜱科,不同属的精子,其长度不同,其中以血蜱属的长角蜱为最长,以硬蜱属的全沟硬蜱为最短。同属不同种的精子,其类型相同,但长度各异。     

海南省澄迈县野外小型动物寄生蜱类调查

目的 了解海南省澄迈县野外小型动物体上硬蜱的寄生及季节消长状况.方法 采用宿主体捡蜱法对野外小型动物体上硬蜱进行计数.结果 2009年4月-2010年3月共捕获宿主8种,在其上采集到的蜱经鉴定皆为粒形硬蜱,全年总寄生指数和寄生率分别为2.57和38.94％(118/303);合计和成蜱寄生指数最高峰在4月,均为10.1,而幼蜱和若蜱寄生指数最高峰分别在11月和1月,分别为1.83和3.33;总寄生率在4月最高,为76.19％(16/21);树鼩、针毛鼠体上蜱寄生指数和寄生率最高峰均在4月,而海南屋顶鼠则均有2个高峰,分别在4月及次年1月;在所有捕获宿主中树鼩体上蜱寄生指数和寄生率最高,分别为7.64和69.57％(48/69).结论 澄迈地区蜱活动具有明显的季节性,其中4月是其活动高峰;树鼩可能为粒形硬蜱的最适宿主.     

宁夏蜱类种群及分布

目的：调查宁夏蜱类种群及分布情况。方法：用布旗法在自然生境采集，以牛、羊体表直接查捉，并鉴定种群。结果：已知蜱类隶属２种６属１８种，其中１属４种（扇头蜱属的血红扇头蜱、卵圆硬蜱、全沟硬蜱、嗜群血蜱）为宁夏首次发现。本次共采集鉴定１４１只蜱，全沟硬蜱占６８８％，为优势种群。按宁夏昆虫地理划分及区系分布，蜱类分布于３个昆虫区（Ⅰ～Ⅲ）和３个昆虫亚区（Ⅲ１～Ⅲ３），且各有其分布特点。结论：全沟硬蜱是当地莱姆病的生物媒介     

广西的硬蜱调查研究初报

广西书籍硬蜱有６属１１种，其中缅甸血蜱、厚体盲花蜱、嗜鸟血蜱和短小扇头蜱为省内硬蜱的新记录，我们采集并鉴定１６９头成蜱，微小牛蜱占５０．３％，可能为广西的硬蜱翁势种。调查龙胜林区３４人，资源林区１１２个，有明显蜱咬史的分别为２８人和９３人，叮咬率达８２．４％和８３．０％，且男性高于女性。林工工龄越长，有蜱咬史率越高，人 体被蜱叮咬部位多为两下肢。     

蜱与蜱传疾病最新研究进展

正蜱是一种吸血的节肢动物,是多种人畜共患传染病的重要传播媒介。蜱虫分类上属于动物界节肢动物门、蛛形纲、螨亚纲、寄螨目、蜱总科。全世界已经发现18个897种,而中国已发现10属,119种,100种硬、10余种软蜱[1]。近两年来,在我国山东、河南、河北、安徽等地出现一些因蜱虫叮咬而发生蜱传疾     

绥芬河口岸蜱类调查报告

目的 调查绥芬河口岸蜱种组成及生态习性.方法 采用人工小时布旗法采集蜱类.结果 2012年共捕获蜱类779只,1科3属4种.优势种群是全沟硬蜱,其次是嗜群血蜱、日本血蜱、森林革蜱.4-8月份均有蜱类活动,5、6月份为蜱类活动高峰,其蜱密度分别为63.3只/人工小时.旗、41.5只/人工小时.旗.结论 本次调查掌握了绥芬河口岸蜱类种群及季节消长情况,为绥芬河口岸蜱类的防控工作提供了依据.     

全沟硬蜱复组及其媒介作用

全沟硬蜱分布广 ,密度高 ,嗜吸人血 ,病原体感染率高 ,是我国东北、华北和西北地区危险的生物媒介。全沟硬蜱存在个体与地理变异 ,有些形态特征变异很大 ,形态上相似的蜱种又多 ,因此同种异名 ,同名异种屡见不鲜。Ｆｉｌｉｐｐｏｖａ〔3〕最初用全沟硬蜱复组Ｉｘｏｄｅｓｐｅｒｓｕｌｃａｔｕｓｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ这一术语 ,正是为了修正与全沟硬蜱混淆的那些独立的种。种团或叫复组 (ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｇｒｏｕｐ/ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ)并非为分类阶元 ,它包括形态上密切相关的若干独立的种。全沟硬蜱复组又叫蓖子硬蜱复组Ｉｘｏｄｅｓ (…     

黑龙江省11个边境口岸蜱类调查

〔目的〕调查黑龙江省11个边境口岸蜱的种群组成。〔方法〕采用人工小时布旗法采集蜱。〔结果〕在黑龙江省11个边境口岸采获蜱3926只,计3属4种。林缘的优势种群为森林革蜱(95.9%);针阔混交林为全沟硬蜱(46.1%)和森林革蜱(31.8%)。不同口岸的蜱种组成有所不同。绥芬河口岸蜱密度指数最高(93.1%只/人工小时)。不同生境蜱密度指数有所不同。4种蜱的雌雄比:日本血蜱2.7:1,森林革蜱1.7:1,嗜群血蜱1.3:1,全沟硬蜱1.1:1。〔结论〕本次调查为黑龙江省边境口岸地区的蜱种群组成研究提供了依据。     

我国东北三省蜱类的分布及医学重要性

目的调查东北三省蜱类的分布及医学重要性。方法采用人工布旗法采蜱，从动物体采集蜱。结果东北三省的蜱类现知2科7属21种，其中辽宁省18种，吉林省13种，黑龙江省11种。东北区分布16种，其中松辽平原亚区分布13种，长白山亚区分布9种，大兴安岭亚区分布3种；蒙新区东部草原亚区分布12种。在东北地区，全沟硬蜱、森林革蜱、嗜群血蜱和日本血蜱是森林脑炎的媒介；全沟硬蜱是莱姆病的媒介；嗜群血蜱是北亚蜱传斑点热的媒介。结论对东北三省蜱类的分布及医学重要性的调查为东北三省蜱类的区系分布和蜱媒病防治提供了重要依据。     

东北部分地区蜱携带几种病原立克次体的分子检测

目的为了解东北地区蜱中携带立克次体的情况。方法应用人工小时布旗法采集东北部分地区不同生境的游离蜱,采用PCR作斑点热立克次体、查菲埃立克体、人粒细胞无形体DNA检测。结果从东北地区全沟硬蜱和森林革蜱检出查菲埃立克体DNA,全沟硬蜱平均阳性率为3.29%,森林革蜱为1.88%;从全沟硬蜱检出人粒细胞无形体DNA,平均阳性率为2.98%;从嗜群血蜱检出斑点热立克次体DNA,其平均阳性率(6.67%)明显高于全沟硬蜱(1.69%)和森林革蜱(2.36%)。结论东北地区全沟硬蜱和森林革蜱可能是查菲埃立克体、人粒细胞无形体的主要携带媒介,嗜群血蜱主要携带斑点热立克次体,提示东北地区存在三种蜱媒立克次体病的自然疫源地。     

Tick species and tick-borne infections identified in population from a rural area of Spain

To determine the tick species that bite humans in the province of Soria (Spain) and ascertain the tick-borne pathogens that threaten people's health in that province, 185 tick specimens were collected from 179 patients who sought medical advice at health-care centres. The ticks were identified, and their DNA examined by PCR for pathogens. Most ticks were collected in autumn and spring (59 and 57 respectively). Nine species of ticks were identified, the most frequent being Dermacentor marginatus (55.7%), Ixodes ricinus (12.4%) and Rhipicephalus bursa (11.9%). Ninety-seven females, 66 males, 21 nymphs and one larva were identified. Twenty-six ticks carried DNA from Rickettsia spp. (11 Rickettsia slovaca, 6 Rickettsia spp. RpA4/DnS14, 1 Rickettsia massiliae/Bar29, and 8 unidentified); two ticks carried DNA from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and seven ticks harboured DNA from Anaplasma phagocytophilum.     

海南省琼中地区家畜体表寄生蜱的调查分析

目的了解家畜体表寄生蜱物种多样性及群落结构特点，并分析其与疾病的关系。方法采用逆毛式检蜱法，定义家畜体表寄生蜱为一个群落，运用生态学中相对优势度（组成比率）、优势指数、多样性指数和均匀度等方法进行测定。结果从放养的5群东山羊（20头）、4群黄牛（10头）和水牛（5头）中共检获蜱2614只，分属4个种属（血红扇头蜱、微小牛蜱、粒形硬蜱和钝刺血蜱），前两者为优势种；其中东山羊的优势度指数、多样性指数和均匀度等均高于黄牛和水牛。结论海南琼中地区家畜体表寄生蜱有4种，优势种为血红扇头蜱和微小牛蜱；其中东山羊的群落结构最丰富。应警惕斑点热群立克次体自然疫源性疾病的流行。     

陕西省蜱的种类与自然地理分布

目的调查陕西省蜱的种类与自然地理分布。方法采用布旗法和动物体表采集法采获蜱类标本。结果陕西省有26种蜱，长角血蜱、波斯锐缘蜱、翘缘锐缘蜱在陕西省6个自然地理区划内均有分布，其他蜱的分布有一定的地理特征。结论发现陕西省蜱类新记录12种。     

Morphological anomalies in hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Brazil

Tick abnormalities have been unusual in nature, and they can be divided into local and general. In the present study, external morphological anomalies were described in 31 individual adult ticks of 15 different species of Ixodidae, which were collected on wild hosts (20 ticks), domestic hosts (7 ticks), and in the environment (4 ticks) in 11 states of Brazil from 1998 to 2022. Among the 31 tick specimens, 14 (45%) were categorized as local anomalies, and 17 (55%) as general anomalies. The ticks were taxonomically identified into 14 species of Amblyomma, and one species of Rhipicephalus. Local anomalies included malformations of scutum/alloscutum, ectromely, leg atrophy, and a third ectopic spiracular plate. General anomalies included opisthosoma duplication, no expansion of dorsal alloscutum in engorged females, and gynandromorphism; the latter is described for 13 tick specimens. Morphological anomalies in Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma humerale and Amblyomma longirostre are reported for the first time. Although the results herein expand the list of anomalous tick species in the Neotropics, future studies should be conducted to clarify the origin of these anomalies.     

江苏省莱姆病生物媒介生态及防制研究

目的：为摸清我省莱姆病生物媒介－蜱的种群、分布、消长及其带菌情况,研究防制方法。方法：用布旗法及动物体外捕捉法收集蜱,分类鉴定,并进行季节消长调查;应用直接荧光抗体染色法查蜱中肠带菌率,ＢＳＫ培养基分离病原体。现场喷洒毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯,比较自理前后及处理组与对照组蜱密度变化情况;使用避蚊胺作实验室和现场驱蜱效果观察。结果：我省长江南北均有蜱存在,隶属１科３属５种;蜱密度有明显的季节性。二棘血蜱     

海南省城区2012年蚊虫密度及季节消长分析

目的掌握海南省城区蚊虫种群分布、密度及季节消长规律,为蚊媒相关治理提供科学依据。方法于2012年1—12月采用夜间灯诱法在海南省18个市（县）城区开展逐月监测。结果海南省城区蚊虫种类较为丰富,共捕获40448只,隶属4属10种,以致倦库蚊（46．88％）为优势蚊种,全年监测成蚊密度为1．17～4．86只／（h·灯）,平均密度为2．82只／（h·灯）,蚊虫的季节消长曲线呈单峰型,高峰出现在4—5月。结论初步掌握了海南省城区蚊虫种群分布、密度、季节消长等情况,为进一步开展系统监测、蚊虫防治和蚊媒疾病预防提供了科学参考。     

Ticks (Ixodidae) on migrating birds in Egypt, spring and fall 1962

Over a number of years studies have been carried out in Egypt on the transport by migrating birds of ticks that may transmit pathogens of man and animals. In continuation of these investigations 11 036 birds migrating southwards through Egypt were examined for ticks during the fall of 1962. The 881 infested birds (comprising 24 species and sub-species represented by 10 612 individuals) yielded 1442 ticks. Tick-host relationships were similar to those of previous years except that in 1962 the prevalence of infestation was almost invariably much higher than the averages for 1959-61. Five species of birds were added to the previous list of 40 infested forms. Previously unrecorded tick species taken during 1962 were Ixodes redikorzevi (a species from Asia very occasionally found in rodent burrows in Egypt), the rare Haemaphysalis inermis, and Hyalomma a. anatolicum, H. anatolicum excavatum and H. dromedarii, which may have been carried from Asia or have attached themselves to the birds at the time of netting.     

Diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in Ixodes ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with cave-dwelling bats from Poland and Romania

Bats comprise one quarter of the world’s mammal species. In Europe, three nidicolous Ixodes tick species, I. vespertilionis, I. simplex and I. ariadnae are specifically associated with cave-dwelling bats, but their role as potential vectors of zoonotic agents is unknown. In this study, we used PCR-based methods to provide the first evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) infections in the three bat-associated tick species collected from ten bat species sampled in Poland and Romania. B. burgdorferi s.l. was detected in 24% (64/266) of tick samples, and 40.3% (60/149) of the bats carried infected chiropterophilic ticks.In Poland, the B. burgdorferi s.l. infection prevelance of I. ariadnae ticks parasitizing Myotis species was four times higher compared to the I. vespertilionis ticks derived from Rhinolophus hipposideros bats (44.4% vs.10%, respectively). The observed differences in infection prevalence could be explained by differences in reservoir potential between bat species. Bats from the genus Myotis and Miniopterus schreibersii carried more infected ticks than R. hipposideros regardless of the tick species. Analysis of the flaB gene sequences revealed seven species from the B. burgdorferi s.l. complex (B. afzelii, B. carolinensis, B. garinii, B. lanei, B. spielmanii, B. burgdorferi s.s., and B. valaisiana), of which five are considered as human pathogens. This large diversity of Borrelia species may reflect differences in susceptibility of chiropteran hosts and/or the tick vectors. Generally, mammal-associated B. burgdorferi s.l. species were more common than bird-associated species. Our study provides evidence for new enzootic transmission cycles of B. burgdorferi s.l. spirochetes involving nidicolous Ixodes tick species and cave-dwelling bats.     

吉林省重要媒介蜱与莱姆病关系的研究

目的探讨重要媒介蜱类与莱姆病的关系。方法根据多年收集的蜱类标本鉴定,结合血清流行病学调查结果,探讨两者关系。结果吉林省有蜱类2科5属15种。结论全沟硬蜱是吉林省莱姆病的主要媒介。