Carcinosarcoma of the bladder: case report and review of the literature

Primary osteosarcomas of the bladder account for about 0.04% of bladder neoplasms. Most of the patients in the literature expired within 6 months and, in almost all of the cases in the literature, radical cystectomy with postoperative chemotherapy was the treatment choice. A 79-year-old gentleman presented with gross hematuria. Cystoscopy demonstrated a 2- to 3-cm tumour along the lateral wall of the bladder. The tumour was resected incompletely via initial transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), and a second TURBT was subsequently performed to fully resect the residual mass. Surgical pathology from these 2 resections revealed osteosarcoma with invasion into the muscularis propria. A cystoprostatectomy was performed and final pathologic specimen revealed high-grade CIS without evidence of residual osteosarcoma. Postoperatively, the patient did not receive chemotherapy or radiation and currently remains disease-free 2 years post-radical cystectomy. Only 33 well-documented cases of primary osteosarcoma of the bladder have been reported to date. However, there are only 3 cases in which TURBT resulted in complete resection.     

Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus: a case report and review of the literature

A case of carcinosarcoma of the esophagus and a review of literature are presented. The pertinent clinical and pathological data are summarized. There have been 51 reported cases of which 31 underwent surgical resection of the lesion; there have been three five-year survivors. Although the cumulative experience with this malignancy is limited, it is apparent that the presentation and clinical course of this tumor is not substantially different from the more common squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, the diagnostic and therapeutic management should not vary from that of any malignant esophageal lesion.     

Carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder: A case report and review of the literature

A rare case of a huge carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder is presented. Despite a tumor thrombus in the portal vein, this tumor was resected successfully by extended right hepatic lobectomy with right caudate lobectomy and gastroduodenectomy. However, hepatic metastases developed rapidly, and the patient died only 3 months after surgery. Macroscopically, a whitish tumor filled the body and neck of the gallbladder and involved the right lobe and left medial segment of the liver, stomach, and duodenum. Microscopically, the neoplasm consisted of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. The former contained adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, which were observed in the wall of the gallbladder. The latter comprised the bulk of the mass and contained malignant cartilage and osteoid. Immunohistochemically, the sarcomatous cells reacted to antibodies for epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin, but were negative for vimentin antibody, Although stromal differentiation into osteoid and cartilage was noted, the sarcomatous component was felt to be derived from mesenchymal metaplasia of the carcinomatous cells. Only 14 cases of carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder have been reported in the English language literature since 1967.     

Carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder: a case report and review of the literature

A case of pedunculated carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder, presenting with common duct obstruction is reported; radiological, operative and pathological findings are described. The patient was treated with cholecystectomy, common bile duct exploration and postoperative radiotherapy applied through a t-tube. Only 20 cases of carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder have been described. The current state of knowledge regarding the natural history of these tumors are reviewed.     

Carcinosarcoma of the bladder diverticulum: a case report and review of literature

A 56-year-old man with carcinosarcoma of the bladder diverticulum is reported. Histologically, the tumor contained two elements: carcinomatous and sarcomatous components with a transitional phase between them. The related literature is also reviewed.     

Carcinosarcoma of the prostate: a case report

A 63-year-old Japanese man with a 1-month history of dyschezia and dysuria was referred to our hospital. Transrectal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a mass involving the prostate, measuring about 6.5 cm. The serum prostate specific antigen was 20.3 ng/ml. By the transperineal needle biopsy, it was suspected to be fibrosarcoma. Total pelvic exenteration was performed. Histopathological examination of the tumor revealed carcinosarcoma of the prostate. One month after the operation local recurrence was manifested by perineal pain. The recurrent tumor grew rapidly with severe pain. The patient's condition deteriorated, and finally he died of the disease nine months after the operation. Carcinosarcoma of the prostate is a rare neoplasm and very aggressive. There is no established protocol for its treatment and its prognosis is usually poor. This is the 49th case reported in the literature.     

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumour with multiple liver metastases: A case report with literature review

Introduction and importanceTo describe an unusual case with a primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumour (PHNET) with multiple liver metastases.Case presentationWe reported a 65-year-old woman with PHNET with multiple liver metastases. She was highly suspected of having primary liver cancer with multiple intrahepatic metastases before liver biopsy, but was diagnosed with PHNET with multiple liver metastases after histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) examinations. The patient successfully underwent three times of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and is currently living in a good state without related complications.Clinical discussionNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs), also known as carcinoids or argyrophilic tumors, are very rare malignant tumors. The liver is the main metastasis site of NETs, but primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors (PHNETs) are extremely rare. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) examinations are still the main methods used for diagnosing NETs. There are no treatment guidelines for PHNETs, and surgical resection is generally the preferred treatment. For PHNET patients who are not suitable for surgery, TACE has been proven to be an effective alternative treatment that can effectively reduce the tumour burden and relieve symptoms, but the current evidence is still limited.ConclusionThe clinical diagnosis of PHNET still faces great challenges, imaging examinations often lead to misdiagnosis, and its diagnosis mainly depends on histopathology and immunohistochemical examinations. For PHNET patients who are not suitable for surgery, TACE may be an effective alternative therapy.     

Carcinosarcoma of the bile duct: a case report and review of literature

Carcinosarcomas of the bile ducts are very rare tumors consisting of both epithelial and mesenchymal elements. We report a case of bile duct carcinosarcoma and its clinical, radiological and pathological features and a brief review on this rare condition.     

Carcinosarcoma of the renal pelvis: report of a case and review of the literature

Carcinosarcomas arising in the renal pelvis are uncommon neoplasms. All previously reported cases are isolated reports and have shown to carry a poor prognosis. We report a new case of a 59-year-old man, describing the clinical, radiological and histopathological features.     

Supratrigonal ectopic prostate: case report and review of the literature

A 76-year-old man with a 6-month history of dysuria and frequency had a sessile tumor at the bladder dome containing benign prostatic glandular tissue. The presence of benign prostatic polyps in the prostatic urethra and bladder neck is a common finding. Ectopic prostatic tissue elsewhere is rare, it has been described previously in a few cases in the trigonum and only once in the supratrigonal area. The origin of prostate glands in this unlikely location is not yet fully understood. Prostatic tissue at any ectopic location is benign, although local recurrence has been reported.     

The role of resection of pulmonary metastases from prostate cancer: a case report and literature review

We report a case of a 53-year-old man who presented with two nodules in the lower lobe and one nodule in the upper lobe of the right lung almost 7 years after radical prostatectomy for pT3aN0M0, Gleason 4+5 disease, without evidence of osseous or lymphatic spread. Surgical resection of the lower lung nodules confirmed metastases, but prostate-specific antigen did not drop to undetectable levels. Isolated pulmonary metastases from prostate cancer are rare with only 33 previously described cases in the English-language literature, 18 of which were solitary metastases. We review the principles of management, including metastasectomy and long-term prognosis.     

Carcinosarcoma of the prostate: report of a case with ultrastructural observations.

A carcinosarcoma of the prostate was examined by light and electron microscopy. The epithelial component was comprised of adenosquamous carcinoma. The stromal component demonstrated osseous and cartilaginous differentiation, and appeared mesenchymal by fine structure analysis. Despite aggressive therapy the patient died with disseminated disease 5 months after diagnosis.     

Carcinoma of the prostate with multiple osteolytic metastases simulating multiple myeloma. A case report

A patient with multiple osteolytic metastases--ribs, pelvis, spine, skull and mandible--from carcinoma of the prostate is described.     

先天性多发半椎体畸形脊柱侧凸1例并文献复习

正先天性脊柱畸形是椎体先天发育异常引起脊柱在冠状面上的不平衡生长而导致的脊柱畸形~([1])。而半椎体畸形作为椎体形成障碍中的一种,是先天性脊柱侧凸最常见的原因,约占先天性脊柱侧凸的46%~([2])。目前,国内外已有较多关于半椎体导致的先天性脊柱畸形的手术治疗的报道~([3-7]),但以单发半椎体畸形居多,多发半椎体畸形的手术治疗报道相对较少。本院于2015年8月采用后路半椎体切除椎弓根钉内固定术治疗先天性多发半椎体畸形脊柱侧凸1例,现将诊疗过程报告如下。     

Extraneural metastases in gliosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature

This report details the case of an 11-year-old girl with gliosarcoma and her rapid demise after a brief asymptomatic postcraniotomy period. The discussion that follows is a collective review of the several aspects illustrated by the case history. Special attention is directed toward the pathological features of this histological variant of glioblastoma multiforme. The topic of extraneural metastasis is reviewed with regard to frequency, mechanisms, sites, and prognosis.