新发传染病及其应急对策

就常见的新传染病加以介绍,分析新传染病发现的因素,并提出了应急控制策略.     

以国际医学教育认证为契机推进临床医学专业课程改革

近20多年来,传染病的形势发生了显著变化,新传染病不断出现,老传染病死灰复燃.为了使教学内容和教学方式更好地适应这一变化,使21世纪的医学生对新发现的传染病有较好的认识和了解,培养出高素质的临床医生和医学教师,我们对传染病学的教学进行了相应的改革.在传染病学教学中,增加了"绪言"的章节和有关艾滋病的教学内容,加强了多媒体教学,将新传染病的内容结合到老传染病中讲授,介绍了传染病学的新进展,取得了较好的教学效果.     

新发现的传染病的特点

20世纪70年代以来,全球新发现的传染病有40多种,其特点是:①病毒是主要病原体;②相当部分是动物源性传染病;③人群对新传染病缺乏免疫力;④缺乏特效治疗和免疫预防;⑤新传染病给社会做成一定恐慌.     

医学微生物学研究现状与展望(续)

三、世纪之交的挑战 1.新传染病出现(Emerging Infectious Diseases) 20世纪末临床微生物学受到的挑战之一,是出现了许多新的病原体及其引起的新传染病。由于对新传染病的认识和准备不足,缺乏有效的预防和临床诊断、治疗施施,致使人群中无法形成免疫力。这些疾病来势凶、范围广、     

公共卫生与传染病防治问题分析

随着经济的发展,常见传染病及新流行的传染病正在逐步影响人们的生活.文中对乡镇公共卫生部门传染病防治工作中存在的问题以及公共卫生事业中存在的问题进行了分析,并就乡镇公共卫生管理对传染病的防治问题提出建议.     

新形势下改进《传染病学》教学提高教学质量

全球传染病的流行新形势使传染病的疾病普遍发生了较大变化,新发现的传染病或原有已经被控制的传染病死恢复燃,如艾滋病、SARS、禽流感、疯牛病、甲型H1N1型流感等.而人群对新传染病缺乏特效治疗和免疫预防等.所以传染病学教师应结合新形势下传染病的流行情况及医学模式、医学思维方式的改变,根据本校的教学实际加强传染病学课程建设,提高传染病学教学质量,使学生通过学习传染病学基础知识,提高应对全新的突发公共卫生事件等多种能力.     

我国重大疫情控制与物资保障体系的检视与完善:以新冠肺炎疫情应对为例

《传染病防治法》为新冠肺炎疫情防控工作提供了有力的法治保障.然而,不可忽视的是,本次疫情暴露出该法所规范和建立的传染病防控制度在运行时存在制度不健全、制度缺失和制度失灵等问题.疫情防控是一项长期的系统工程,必须及时总结经验、吸取教训,补齐《传染病防治法》的立法短板,为疫情防控常态化做好准备.作者结合新冠肺炎疫情的防控实...     

由传染性非典型肺炎流行谈传染病学教学改革

通过SARS的流行反思传染病学的教学存在诸多问题,一些经典的传染病逐渐被控制和消灭,新的病原体和新的传染性疾病不断地被发现,非传染的感染性疾病日益增多.但是,在教学中存在着经典传染病与感染性疾病的教学比例失调、缺乏体现传染病流行变化的空间等问题.改革经典传染病的授课方法,缩短教学时数,提高教学质量;增加感染性疾病的授课比重;对新现疾病适当安排课时等措施,可能有助于解决传染病学教学中教学内容与临床实际相脱节的矛盾.     

互佑平安共筑和谐记首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院院长李宁

作为全国规模最大的传染病专科医院,如今,首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院再添一块新招牌--佑安医疗联盟中心医院.这意味着处于龙头角色的这家医院所承担的传染病防控责任的砝码更重.     

互佑平安共筑和谐记首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院院长李宁

作为全国规模最大的传染病专科医院,如今,首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院再添一块新招牌--佑安医疗联盟中心医院.这意味着处于龙头角色的这家医院所承担的传染病防控责任的砝码更重.     

从传染病学到感染病学:学科发展的必然

近年来,多种经典传染病发病率呈明显下降趋势,但艾滋病、传染性非典型肺炎、人类禽流感及人类猪链球菌感染等新发感染病成为新的公共卫生问题,耐药菌感染、机会性感染及医院内感染亦呈逐年增多趋势,研究经典传染病的传染病学已不能适应新形势的需要,从传染病学向感染病学的学科改革成为客观必然。感染病学的形成与发展,既没有改变当前医学学科划分的总格局,又发展和完善了传染病学,保持了学科的完整性与科学性,有利于感染病的医疗、科研及教学管理。     

降压散治疗原发性高血压100例观察

原发性高血压是常见病之一.随着人们生活水平的提高,节奏加快,高血压问题已日益引起人们的重视.笔者应用降压散治疗临床获较满意的效果,现将结果报告如下.     

某部野外驻训地域常见病及自然疫源性疾病的调查与预防

目的为了解某部驻训地域常见病及自然疫源性和虫媒传染病疫情,指导驻训部队做好疾病预防工作。方法采用文献检索和现场调查相结合的方法 ,应用描述性研究指标对所获资料进行综合分析。结果驻训地域届时常见病及自然疫源性和虫媒传染病计××种,依次为呼吸道传染病占66.57%,肠道传染病占13.86%,血源及性传播疾病占12.95%,自然疫源性和虫媒传染病占2.41%;驻训地域新发现传染病x种;潜在传染病达x种。结论驻训部队进入时应重点加强肠道和呼吸道传染病的预防工作,同时落实流行性出血热的监控措施和关注新发传染病与潜在传染病的预防。     

The initial hospital response to an epidemic

The last decades have been characterized by the appearance of a substantial number of newly recognized or novel infectious agents and by the re-emergence of infectious diseases with a global impact. The objective of this article is to briefly describe the model of hospital response for early diagnosis and prompt management of patients with highly contagious infectious diseases. We reviewed the main components of hospital preparedness in response to clustering of highly contagious diseases. A model for the initial hospital response to an epidemic in our referral Institute is discussed. Prompt recognition and identification is the initial and indispensable step in facing any communicable diseases, regardless of whether it is a prevalent, a newly emerging one or deliberately released. The importance of developing and implementing nontraditional methods of public health surveillance and a system that allows a wide and immediate dissemination of information and exchange of views on risk assessment and risk management are highlighted. Case identification and laboratory capabilities and isolation procedures are the essential components for an initial hospital response. The recent bioterrorist events and the worldwide outbreaks of highly contagious infectious diseases have evidenced the need for institutional preparedness at each hospital and for identification of referral centers for patient isolation and of laboratories with adequate capabilities. Moreover, hospitals should develop a plan for coordinating all hospital components to respond to critical situations deriving from the admission of patients with highly contagious infectious diseases.     

Globalized health and its governance

Globalization brings about a new era of more integrated human society. However, it is a double-edged sword: while enjoying the benefits of closer economic, trade and more frequent cultural exchanges among countries, we are encountered with a number of problems and risks, such as nuclear weapons proliferation, environmental pollution, natural disasters, spread of infectious diseases, etc. Given this fact, new concepts of global health governance have emerged in the health arena across the globe in recent years.     

Globalized health and its governance

Globalization brings about a new era of more integrated human society. However, it is a double-edged sword: while enjoying the benefits of closer economic, trade and more frequent cultural exchanges among countries, we are encountered with a number of problems and risks, such as nuclear weapons proliferation, environmental pollution, natural disasters, spread of infectious diseases, etc. Given this fact, new concepts of global health governance have emerged in the health arena across the globe in recent years.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗的若干思考

作为一种新发的传染性极强的呼吸道疾病,新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19,以下简称新冠肺炎）在全球范围内传播、蔓延。目前,该病已经造成了数以百万计的人感染、近30万人死亡,严重威胁着人类生命财产安全等众多方面。本文通过在临床治疗过程中对该疾病特点及疾病演变规律的总结,为新冠肺炎的诊治提供参考。     

Dermatological infectiology--Quo vadis? Symposium, Ruhr-University, September 29-30, 2000. Abstracts

Infectious diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the year 2000. 17 million deaths per year or roughly a third of all deaths are caused by infections. Infectious diseases also pose a serious economic threat. While many well-established pathogens have not been contained several new infectious agents have been discovered within the past 27 years which include rotavirus, legionella, HIV, ebola, campylobacter, helicobacter, nipah, HHV8, hepatitis C, and many others. Additionally many new pathogens have emerged as serious threats to the ever-growing number of immuno-compromised patients. Infectious etiologies have been found for many common diseases (certain leukemias, duodenal ulcers, etcetera). It is likely that infections are at least co-factors for many other diseases (transplant-associated atherosclerosis). Only specialized care and multi-disciplinary collaboration will enable us to cope with current problems and the inevitable emergence of new infectious diseases.     

传染病与气象因素的关系研究

研究表明某些传染病的发生同气象因素有一定的关系。本文运用气象流行病学的原理和方法,分析研究有关气候因素与传染病之间的相互关系及气候因素改变对传染病的影响,探讨可用于研究气象因素与传染病之间关系的科学方法,并利用气象因素对传染病发病进行预测预警。揭示传染病的气象流行病学规律对建立疾病早期气象预报预警系统、预测传染病的发病有很大的帮助。采取相应的预防控制措施,科学防治传染病,从而达到减少气象因素对人体健康危害的目的。     

落后过时生物医学模式统治我国医疗卫生领域的现状不能再继续下去了（上）

生物医学模式在上世纪曾对人类的健康做出了不可磨灭的伟大贡献。然而,当人类跨进21世纪后,全球化和城市化的趋势使疾病发生和流行的危险因素不断增加,对人类健康的最大挑战主要来自慢性非传染性疾病,用单因单病,病在细胞为特征的生物医学模式来指导慢病的预防和控制则显得力不从心,在新形势下应对传染病的威胁也显得单薄无力。本文试图结合出台不久的新医改近期重点实施方案,分析生物医学模式对我国主流社会的影响,主要讨论我国现状：虽然生物医学模式已经落后过时,新的生物-心理-社会-环境医学模式已经产生;然而,新医改近期重点实施方案却深受生物医学模式影响。