湖南地区汉族人多巴胺D4受体基因48 bp可变数目串联重复多态性分布

目的 了解湖南地区汉族人群多巴胺D4受体（dopamine D4 receptor，DRD4）基因48 bp可变数目串联重复（variable number tandem repeat,VNTR）多态性基因型及等位基因的频率分布。方法 随机抽取湖南地区304名汉族健康正常人，采用聚合酶链反应、变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结合银染技术检测基因型和等位基因的频率。结果 （1）湖南汉族人群DRD4基因48 bp VNTR多态性共检测出7种等位基因、12种基因型。最常见的等位基因是5等位基因（DRD4＊5），频率为70．6％。（2）湖南汉族人群DRD4基因48 bp VNTR多态性各等位基因频率与中国上海、北京、四川地区人群存在明显的差异。（3）湖南汉族人群DRD4基因48 bp VNTR多态性各等位基因频率与日本、美国、墨西哥、意大利人群也存在明显差异。结论 DRD4基因48 bp VNTR多态性分布存在不同程度的地区差异和种族差异。     

白介素-1受体拮抗剂基因多态性与散发性帕金森病的关系

目的探讨白介素-1受体拮抗剂（IL-1RA）基因多态性与帕金森病（PD）的关系。方法本实验用PCR-片段长度多态性分析法检测了89例中国散发性帕金森病病人和67例正常对照的白介素-1受体拮抗剂基因多态性。结果与对照组相比,PD组中IL-1RA基因VNTR多态性的A2等位基因有增加的趋势,但两者差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。帕金森病合并痴呆组（PDD组）中IL-1RA基因A2等位基因频率较非痴呆组（PDND组）有显著性增加（P〈0.05）,而且在PDD组中,IL-1RA基因A2/A2纯合子和A1/A2杂合子基因型频率较PDND组有显著性增加（P〈0.05）。结论IL-1RA基因多态性可能与我国人散发性帕金森病的发病无关,而与帕金森病并发痴呆发病过程中有关。     

PTPN22 G788A和A10281188G与广东地区人群RA易感性的关系研究

目的探讨蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶非受体型22（PTPN22）基因多态性（rs33996649/G788A/R263Q和rs1310182/A10281188G）与广东地区汉族人群类风湿性关节炎（RA）易感性间的关系。方法选取广东地区人群中218例RA患者以及229例健康对照者进行病例对照研究,采用PCR-RFLP技术检测PTPN22G788A和A10281188G两个多态性位点的基因型,计算比较两组基因型和等位基因频率。结果 RA患者和健康对照者PTPN22在788位点均为G等位基因,未检测到A等位基因,没有发现单核苷酸多态性的存在;10281188位点G等位基因在病例组和对照组中的频率分别为12.4%和13.3%（P〉0.05）。结论广东地区人群PTPN22788位点不存在多态性,G788A和A10281188G基因位点与广东汉族人群RA的发病无相关性。     

我国汉族人群α1基因数目可变串联重复序列分布特征的研究

目的：研究我国汉族人群免疫球蛋白α1基因中3个数目可变串联重复序列(VNTR)多态性分布特征，及其与已报道的高加索人群相比较的特点。 方法: 从现存数据库中寻找α1基因内的3个VNTR位点，即α1基因3’端的hs1,2增强子内的VNTR1、其上游6 Kb 的VNTR2和位于α1基因第5外显子的E5VNTR。 提取201例广东汉族人基因组DNA，PCR分别扩增含上述3个VNTR位点片段，2%－3％凝胶电泳分带鉴定基因型，并以测序证实。 结果: 与高加索人群比较我国汉族人群α1基因 VNTR1多态性分布特征表现为：C（3次重复）等位基因频率明显升高（10.0% vs 1.0%）， A（1次重复）等位基因频率偏低（30.3% vs 36.1%-39.4%）, 差异显著（χ2=72.85，P＜0.01）。 基因型BB占37.8％， AB占32.3％，AA占12％，BC占11.4％, AC占4.5％, CC占2.0％， BC、AC基因型分布频率显著高于高加索人群，而AB型分布频率显著低于高加索人群（χ2=73.77，P＜0.01）。另外两个数据库中报道的VNTR位点（VNTR 2及E5VNTR）在我们所测人群中呈均一分布,PCR产物长度分别为136 bp(VNTR 2)和535 bp(E5VNTR)。 结论: 我国汉族人群α1基因 VNTR多态性分布与基因组数据库中基于高加索人群的资料不尽相同，其中Iα1 hs1,2 VNTR1多态性不同于高加索人群，突出表现为C等位基因频率及BC、AC基因型频率显著高于高加索人群。而VNTR2和E5VNTR在被检人群中未见多态性。本研究弥补了现存数据库中缺乏我国汉族人群相应数据的不足, 同时为以α1基因为候选基因找寻疾病基因的研究提供了可靠的数据。     

骨保护素基因单核苷酸多态性与类风湿关节炎发病的相关性研究

 目的：探讨骨保护素（OPG）基因163A/G及245T/G单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）与我国汉族人群类风湿关节炎（RA）发病的相关性。方法：采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）技术检测我国南方汉族正常人群及RA患者的OPG 163A/G 和245T/G 2个SNP位点;进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验;计算基因型和等位基因频率,及这2个位点的连锁关系,并分析这2个SNP位点与RA的关系。结果：所研究基因分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,163A/G 位点基因型AA、AG、GG分布频率在2组比较有显著差异（P<0.05）;等位基因A、G分布比较在2组有显著差异（P<0.05）,携带163GG基因型者发生RA的危险性是非携带者的1.219倍（OR=1219, 95％CI：1066~2.339, P<0.05)。但245T/G位点各基因型及等位基因频率在2组中均未见差异（P>005）。结论：OPG 基因 163A/G SNP可能与我国汉族人群RA发病相关,携带G等位基因可能是发病的危险因素。     

溃疡性结肠炎的IL-1β、IL-1RA、LMP2基因多态性研究

目的研究溃疡性结肠炎(UC)病人的R-1β、IL-1RA、LMP2基因多态性,并分析其与抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(AN-CA)及临床分型的关系.方法用PCR-限制性片段多态性(PCR-FLP)方法和序列特异性引物-PCR(PCR-SSP)方法分别对81例UC病人和114名健康者进行IL-1β、LMP2和IL-1RA基因多态性分析.结果UC病人和健康者之间IL-1β、IL-1RA和LMP2各基因型和基因频率比较均无显著性差异(P＞0.05);当UC病人分为ANCA(+)组和ANCA(-)组后,发现ANCA(+)组IL-1RA等位基因2频率高于ANCA(-)组(13.7%对3.3%,P＜0.05),其它各基因型及基因频率比较,统计学上均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论中国汉族UC病人与IL-1β、IL-1RA、LMP2基因多态性无关联,但ANCA(+)UC病人IL-1RA等位基因2频率明显增加.     

冠心病与蛋白Z内含子FG79A基因多态性无关联

目的：探讨中国浙江地区汉族人群中蛋白Z（protein Z, vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein，PROZ）内含子FG79A基因多态性的发生率及其与冠心病的关系。〖HJ2.1mm〗方法:对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（简称冠心病）组（至少1支冠脉动脉直径狭窄≥50%）148例和147例对照者采用聚合酶链反应和限制性内切酶片段长度多态性方法结合基因测序技术，检测蛋白Z内含子FG79A基因多态性。结果:首次发现中国浙江地区汉族人群存在蛋白Z内含子FG79A基因多态性，野生型（GG型）、GA型和AA型分别占16.95%、 54.58%和28.47%；G、A等位基因频率分别为44.24%和55.76%；冠心病组与对照组间基因型和等位基因频率分布差异均无显著性意义（均P>0.05）；冠脉单支、双支和三支病变患者间基因多态性分布差异无显著性意义（P>0.05），蛋白Z内含子FG79A基因型和等位基因频率在急性冠脉综合征和非急性冠脉综合征患者间的分布差异亦无显著性意义（均P>0.05）。结论:中国浙江地区汉族人群存在蛋白Z内含子FG79A基因多态性，但蛋白Z内含子FG79A基因多态性与冠心病及急性冠脉综合症的发生无关。     

中国山东沿海地区汉族男性人群白介素-23受体基因多态性与痛风的易感性研究

目的探讨中国山东省沿海地区汉族男性群体的白细胞介素23受体（IL-23R）基因rs7517847位点G／T的多态性是否与痛风的易感性有关。方法选取202例痛风患者和346例健康对照者,检测中国汉族男性群体的IL-23受体内含子区rs7517847位点基因多态性分布,数据经,检验得出其与痛风发病的遗传易感性的关系。结果经,检验,痛风组和对照组中IL-23R基因rs7517847位点GG,GT和1Tr基因型频率（10．4％,49．5％,40．1％;16．2％,49．7％,34．1％;X^2=4．305,P〉0．05）与等位基因频率G和T（35．1％,41％;64．9％,59％;X^2=3．727,P〉0．05）均无统计学意义。IL-23R基因rs7517847位点G／T基因多态性与痛风病的危险因素无显著性关联。结论尚不能认为中国沿海地区汉族男性人群中IL-23R内含子区rs7517847位点基因多态性与痛风有关联性。     

新疆汉族和维吾尔族健康人群VKORC1启动子区基因多态性研究

目的了解VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性在新疆汉族和维吾尔健康人群中的分布及其与国外其他不同民族之间的差异。方法采用PCR—RFLP技术对205名汉族和204名维吾尔族乌鲁木齐地区体检健康者VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性进行检测，计算其基因型和等位基因频率，并与国外多个民族VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性分布进行比较。结果新疆汉族和维吾尔族健康人群中共检测到2种等位基因：A和G。汉族A和G等位基因频率分别为87％和13％，维吾尔族A和G等位基冈频率分别为62％和38％。新疆汉族和维吾尔族健康人群VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性共检测到3种基因型，新疆汉族健康人群以AA基因型常见，基因型频率74％。其次是AG基因型，基因型频率分别为26％。GG基因型的个体仅检测到1例，基因型频率小于1。新疆维吾尔族健康人群以AG基因型常见，基因型频率58％。其次是AA基因型，基因型频率分别为33％。GG基因型频率为9％。结论新疆汉族VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性以AA基因型为主。维吾尔族VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性以AG基因型为主，新疆汉族VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性分布与维吾尔族人群和欧美人群存在较大差异。新疆维吾尔族人群VKORC1—1639A／G基因多态性分布与欧关人群接近。     

西藏藏族人群白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂基因多态性

目的:研究白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1Ra)在西藏藏族健康人群中的分布特点,并与其他不同人群进行比较.方法:采用PCR的方法,对125名西藏拉萨市藏族人群IL-1Ra基因的可变数目串联重复序列多态性进行检测,计算其基因型频率和等位基因频率,并结合文献与其他不同人群进行比较分析.结果:西藏藏族人群IL-1Ra位点基因型以A1/A1纯合子型最为多见(频率为90.40%),A1/A2杂合子型次之(频率为9.60%),A2/A2纯合子型未检测到;其等位基因分布也是以A1等位基因最为多见 (频率为95.20%),其次为A2等位基因(频率为4.80%).西藏藏族人群的等位基因频率分布与美国人、德国人、非洲白人差异较大,具有统计学意义.而与亚洲人群包括日本人和中国汉族差异较小.结论:西藏拉萨市藏族人群中IL-1Ra位点以A1等位基因为主,其多态性分布与其他人群之间存在明显的差异,为进一步研究IL-1Ra基因多态性与疾病的关系奠定了基础.     

Study on VNTR polymorphism of gene IL-1RA in 19 Chinese populations

Earlier studies suggested that a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in intron 2 of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) gene might be associated with some chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and solid tumours. To study the distribution of this polymorphism in China, 1352 samples were collected from 19 widely distributed Chinese populations. PCR was used to genotype the VNTR. The overall frequencies of allele 1 and allele 2 were 0.913 and 0.064 respectively. The frequency of the allele 2 was significantly different between the northeastern and the northwestern populations. Moreover, the allele frequencies at this locus in three Chinese Han populations were different from that in minority populations. When compared with other populations worldwide, the frequencies of the two alleles in China were not significantly different from those in the Asian and Pacific Islands. However, the prevalence of allele 1 in China was significantly higher, and the prevalence of allele 2 was significantly lower, than those in American and European Caucasians, and the pairwise Fst values reinforced this observation. The differences of the allele frequencies between different regions and within the same region showed that geography and race have important roles in the population differentiation for the IL-1RA gene. In summary, our results provide a valuable reference for population genetic information and future disease association studies in Chinese populations.     

湖北籍汉族强直性脊柱炎患者白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂基因的多态性

背景：白细胞介素1是强直性脊柱炎易感基因之一,其多态性与疾病易感性相关,不同人群的研究结果不尽相同。 目的：分析中国湖北汉族人群中白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂基因多态性与强直性脊柱炎的相关性。 方法：自140名强直性脊柱炎患者及130名健康对照者外周血中提取DNA,采用PCR方法检测白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂基因第二内含子VNTR复等位基因多态性。所有受试者均为3代或3代以上居住于湖北的汉族人。 结果与结论：强直性脊柱炎患者中白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂基因*2等位基因频率显著高于健康对照者(P < 0.05)。提示强直性脊柱炎与白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂基因*2等位基因相关联。     

Association of IL-1 gene complex members with ankylosing spondylitis in Chinese Han population

There are reports of IL-1 complex gene polymorphisms in ankylosing spondylitis (AS; MIM 106300), but the results have been inconsistent among populations. Moreover, few studies examine the association between IL-1 complex gene polymorphisms and clinical symptoms of AS patients. We investigated polymorphisms of IL-1 complex with AS in the Chinese Han population in this study. Chinese Han AS patients and ethnically matched healthy controls were genotyped for five single nucleotide polymorphisms (IL1β+3953, β-511, F10.3, RN.4, RN.6/1) and the IL1RN.VNTR of IL-1 gene cluster. Allele, Genotype and haplotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls by SHEsis software. The frequency of allele C of the marker IL1F10.3 was significantly increased in AS patients versus controls [p = 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19–1.20; p = 0.002, respectively]. Strong linkage disequilibrium was identified between IL1B-511, IL1B+3953 and RN4 in both patients and healthy controls (D′ > 0.95). Haplotypes of pairs of these markers (6) were also significantly associated with AS. The strongest associations observed was between allele combination B-511-T/B+3953-C/F10.3-C/RN4-T/RN2VNTR-1/RN6.1-C and AS (p = 3.32 × 10⁻⁵, OR = 4.41, 95% CI=2.1–9.3). Clinical manifestation showed week association between RN2VNTR A2 allele and risk of peripheral arthritis (OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.07–0.91). The IL-1 gene cluster is associated with AS in Chinese population. This finding provides strong statistical support for the previously observed relationship and indicates possible association between clinical manifestation and genetic factor.     

中国湖北地区IL-1RN内含子2基因多态性分布的研究

目的 :探讨湖北地区汉族健康人群白细胞介素 1受体拮抗剂(IL 1Ra)内含子 2基因多态性的分布 ,比较其在不同种族间分布的差异。方法 :采用PCR方法检测了 2 5 1例湖北地区汉族健康人群IL 1Ra基因内含子 2的可变数串联重复 (VNTR)多态性 ,并结合文献进行不同种族间的比较分析。结果 :湖北地区汉族健康人群基因型以Ⅰ /Ⅰ型最为常见 ,其次为Ⅰ /Ⅱ型 ,Ⅰ /Ⅳ和Ⅱ /Ⅱ型较为罕见 ,分布频率依次为 0 .813、0 .167、0 .0 16、0 .0 0 4;其等位基因以Ⅰ型最为常见 ,其次为Ⅱ型 ,Ⅳ型较为罕见。与美、德和日本等国家人群相比 ,该VNTR多态性均存在显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ,与国内江苏和重庆地区人群相比虽无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但在湖北地区发现了较为罕见的Ⅰ /Ⅳ和Ⅱ /Ⅱ基因型。结论 :湖北地区汉族人群IL 1Ra基因内含子 2存在VNTR多态性 ,其在不同种族间的分布存在显著性差异     

Associations of the IL-1 and TNF gene polymorphisms in the susceptibility to duodenal ulcer disease in Chinese Han population

Our aim was to investigate whether genetic polymorphism of IL-1Β-511, IL-1RN, TNF-A-308 are involved in the susceptibility to duodenal ulcer (DU). 437 unrelated Chinese Han patients with DU and 148 healthy controls were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for the IL-1B-511, TNF-A-308 gene polymorphisms and the VNTR polymorphism in intron 2 of the IL-1RN gene polymorphisms. There was no difference in the genetic polymorphism of IL-1Β-511, IL-1RN and TNF-A-308 in the patients with DU compared with control. After stratified by Helicobacter pylori infection, they also could not reach significant differences in this study. No statistically significant differences were observed in DU group compared with control according to combination of the IL-1Β-511 and IL-1RN genotypes regardless of H. pylori positivity. These findings show that no evidence for the involvement of a proinflammatory polymorphism in the IL-1Β-511, IL-1RN and TNF-A-308 in the susceptibility to DU in China.     

IL-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism in idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion in a Chinese Han population

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) has been supposed to play important roles in pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the polymorphisms of IL-1Ra gene (IL1RN) variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in intron 2 with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Ninety-two RSA patients and hundred normal women with at least one live birth and no history of miscarriage were included in the study. Frequencies of the IL1RN alleles and genotypes were determined. Data revealed that the prevalence of IL1RN allele and genotype was not significant between the RSA and control group (all P > 0.05). Our finding indicated that the polymorphism VNTR of IL1RN gene in intron 2 may not be a risk factor for RSA in the Chinese Han population.     

白细胞介素-1基因多态性与高血压易感性的研究

目的　观察白细胞介素 - 1(interleukin- 1,IL- 1)基因多态性在中国汉族人群中的分布及其与原发性高血压 (essential hypertension,EH)的关系 ,初步分析其基因型与 EH易感性的相关性。方法　应用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性的方法 ,检测湖北省汉族 15 2例 EH患者和 16 8名正常对照者的IL- 1基因多态性 ,包括 IL- 1α(- 889C/ T)位点、IL- 1β(- 5 11C/ T)位点、IL- 1β( 395 3C/ T)位点、IL- 1Ra( 80 0 6 T/ C)位点多态性以及 IL- 1Ra第 2内含子可变数串联重复序列多态性。结果　IL- 1α(- 889C/ T)位点、IL- 1β( 395 3C/ T)位点、IL- 1Ra( 80 0 6 T/ C)位点多态性和 IL- 1Ra可变重复序列多态性在 EH组和正常人群中的分布差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,而 IL- 1β(- 5 11C/ T)位点多态性在两组人群中的分布差异存在显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,携带 CT基因型罹患 EH的危险性可增加 2 .5 4倍。结论　 IL- 1β基因启动子区 - 5 11位点 C/ T多态性可能与 EH易感性存在相关关系。     

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in intron 2 of the human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) gene: further definition of the IL-1 beta and IL-1Ra polymorphisms in North American Caucasians and Taiwanese Chinese

Previous studies have suggested that a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the second intron of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) gene and the single nucleotide polymorphisms at positions -511 and +3954 of the IL-1beta gene might be associated with increased risks of chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and gastric cancer. In the present study, IL-1beta and IL-1Ra genotypes were analyzed among Asians in Taiwan and Caucasians in North America. We identified a novel polymorphism with 3 nucleotide substitutions in the IL-1Ra VNTR 2-repeat allele. One of the substitutions corresponds with the fourth 3' end nucleotide of the reverse primer that is often used for analysis of the IL-1Ra-associated VNTR locus. Mismatching between this primer and the 2-repeat allele can cause misleading amplification results when stringent conditions are used for annealing. The estimated haplotype frequencies of the variant IL-1 genes were significantly different between Taiwanese and Caucasians. The frequency of the pro-inflammatory IL-1Ra 2-repeat allele was significantly lower in Taiwanese than in Caucasians. In contrast, the frequencies of the pro-inflammatory IL-1beta -511T allele and +3954C allele were significantly higher among Taiwanese compared with Caucasians.     

Association of interleukin (IL)-4 gene intron 3 VNTR polymorphism with multiple sclerosis in Turkish population

Objective

Genetic risk factors are known to contribute to the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Interleukin (IL)-4 gene polymorphisms have been associated with immune-mediated diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of IL-4 gene intron 3 VNTR (variable number tandem repeat) polymorphism in a cohort of Turkish patients with MS.

Methods

The study included 125 patients with MS and 160 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses for the IL-4 gene intron 3 VNTR polymorphism.

Results

The distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of IL-4 gene intron 3 VNTR polymorphism was statistically different between MS patients and control group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). There were no statistically significant association between IL-4 VNTR polymorphism and clinical and demographical characteristics of MS patients.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that intron 3 VNTR polymorphism of the IL-4 gene was positively associated with predisposition to develop MS in Turkish population.