表面修饰硅凝胶人工晶状体植入兔眼的生物相容性

目的:表面修饰硅凝胶人工晶状体兔眼植入半年的动态观察。方法:行超声乳化5只兔眼,行超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术15只兔眼。结果:术后早期炎症反应与手术创伤有关,最常见并发症为人工晶状体移位,修饰人工晶状体引起后囊混浊的程度轻于未修饰人工晶状体。结论:表面修饰提高了硅凝胶人工晶状体的生物相容性。     

Control of intraocular pressure in glaucomatous eyes after extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation

Two hundred sixty eyes of 195 patients having extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with insertion of a posterior chamber intraocular lens were studied retrospectively. Of these cases, 160 eyes had preexisting glaucoma while 100 had no ocular pathology except for cataract. Intraocular pressure decreased significantly after ECCE in both groups and slowly returned to baseline within two years. The average postoperative visual acuity was better in the control group than in the glaucoma group. Patients with glaucoma were controlled with less medication after surgery. We believe that ECCE with insertion of a posterior chamber intraocular lens can be safely performed in glaucoma patients and has a beneficial effect on the control of glaucoma.     

零球差非球面人工晶状体和球面人工晶状体植入术后视觉质量的对比研究

背景零球差非球面人工晶状体（IOL）本身不会增加IOL植入眼的球差,理论上能够改善术眼的视觉质量。目的比较零球差非球面IOL植入眼与球面IOL植入眼的视觉功能及波前像差,分析零球差设计对IOL植入眼视觉质量的影响。方法采用前瞻性病例对照研究设计。收集2008年12月至2009年3月在温州医学院附属眼视光医院诊断的年龄相关性白内障的患者52例80眼,按照随机数字表法将患者随机分为零球差非球面IOL组和球面IOL组,每组40眼,分别在常规白内障超声乳化术术中植入零球差非球面IOL（AkreosAO）或球面IOL。所有患者均在术前1d,术后1d、1周、1个月及3个月时进行眼科常规检查,在裂隙灯显微镜下观察术眼眼前后节情况,测量眼压,记录裸眼视力,应用Tracey波前像差仪在术前Id检查角膜前表面波前像差,术后3个月随访时检查最佳矫正远视力（LogMAR视力）,行对比敏感度、焦点深度及波前像差检查,并对2组结果进行比较。结果2组患者术前的人口基线特征比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后3个月零球差非球面IOL组的最佳矫正LogMAR远视力为-0．03±0．08,球面IOL组为-0．02±0．10,2组比较差异无统计学意义（t=-0．50,P=0．61）;零球差非球面IOL组术眼在暗视（12．0c／d）及暗视＋周边眩光（3．0、6．0、18．0c／d）条件下的对比敏感度分别为12．42±13．16、42．58±24．96、30．19±25．64和3．03±5．49,球面IOL组分别为5．59±8．11、28．74±18．69、17．07±19．35和0．22±1．15,相同条件下2组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;零球差非球面IOL组术眼的平均焦点深度（3．48±1．07）D,球面IOL组为（3．20±0．77）D,差异无统计学意义（t=1．15,P=0．25）。术后3个月在5．0mm瞳孔分析直径下,零球差非球面IOL组的全眼球差为（0．13±0．07）μm,球面IOL组为（0．21±0．07）μm,差异有统计学意义（t=-4．19,P=0．00）,术后3个组间术眼的全眼总高阶像差、彗差及三叶草像差比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论零球差非球面IOL植入眼视觉质量明显优于球面IOL植入眼。     

Posterior synechiae in extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior-chamber intraocular lenses

Posterior synechiae formation was studied in 294 consecutive cases of extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior-chamber intraocular lens implantation. The synechiae are mainly a cosmetic blemish and may hinder future pupillary dilation. Formation can be reduced by elimination of the iridectomy, elimination of routine mydriatic drops, and minimization of iris trauma at the time of surgery.     

人工晶体表面细胞学反应实验研究

目的观察兔眼后房型人工晶体植人术后人工晶体表面细胞学反应的病变特征及规律，探讨术后眼内炎症反应的发生机理。方法９只青紫蓝兔分为３组。后房型人工晶体植人术后１、７、１４天摘除人工晶体，行光镜和扫描电镜检查，计数炎性细胞数，采用ＳＡＳ软件包，对统计资料做方差分析。结果术后人工晶休表面有明显的炎性细胞；描述了巨噬细胞演变为上皮样细胞、纤维母细胞样细胞和成纤维细胞的过程；首先发现纤维母细胞佯细胞、上皮样细胞与巨噬细胞胞浆内均含有吞噬颗粒，结论推测人工晶体表面的巨噬细胞、纤维母细胞样细胞和上皮详细胞具有效强的吞噬能力，人工晶体表面存在的淋巴细胞群、巨噬细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞提示对人工晶体所在抗原的兔疫反应。     

Posterior capsule opacification in rabbit eyes implanted with hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses with enhanced square edge

PURPOSE: To evaluate the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after implantation of single-piece hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) with an enhanced square edge. SETTING: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. METHODS: The standard 570H Centerflex (Rayner Ltd.) design was compared to 2 new designs with enhanced square edges: the 570E and the 570C. Ten IOLs of each type were implanted in a randomized manner by the same surgeon in 15 pigmented rabbits. After a follow-up of 3 weeks, the rabbits were killed and the eyes were analyzed from the posterior view. The intensity of central PCO, peripheral PCO, and Soemmering's ring formation was graded from 0 to 4. The area of Soemmering's ring was graded from 0 to 4 based on the number of quadrants involved. Other parameters analyzed were capsulorhexis coverage of the IOL edge and IOL centration and fixation. Results from the posterior view were complemented by histopathological evaluation. RESULTS: Posterior capsule opacification was lowest in the 570C group, highest in the 570H group, and intermediate in the 570E group. There was a statistically significant difference between the 3 groups in peripheral PCO (P = .039). No significant difference was found between the groups in the other parameters analyzed. When cell ingrowth occurred with the 570H, it started at the optic-haptic junctions, as observed during the clinical follow-up and confirmed by gross and histopathological analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The square optic edge is the most important IOL design feature for PCO prevention. However, it should be present for 360 degrees around the IOL optic to provide an effective barrier effect.     

Comparison of wavefront aberrations and optical quality of eyes implanted with five different intraocular lenses

PURPOSE: We compared corneal and total higher order wavefront aberrations in 25 pseudophakic eyes implanted with five different types of intraocular lenses to obtain an objective evaluation of the optical quality of these pseudophakic eyes. Five IOLs per type were studied. METHODS: Implanted lenses were the Pharmacia Tecnis Z9000 with negative spherical aberration, Pharmacia 911 Edge, Alcon Acrysof SA60AT and MA60BM, and Allergan Sensar AR40e. Eyes were examined using the Topcon KR-9000PW topographer/aberrometer, which obtains simultaneous coaxial measurements of corneal and ocular aberrations, and displays the calculated Point Spread Function (PSF) and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF). RESULTS: Corneal spherical aberration was positive in all tested eyes. For a 4-mm optical zone, ocular spherical aberration was 0.0054+/-0.0172 microm root-mean-square (RMS) in eyes implanted with the Tecnis lens, and was 0.0562 to 0.0974 microm RMS in eyes implanted with the four other conventional IOLs. A myopic refractive shift with mydriasis of -0.08 D occurred with the Tecnis IOL; it was -0.57 to -0.90 D with the conventional IOLs. Coma did not show a substantial reduction with any of the IOLs. Total wavefront aberrations showed nonsignificant reduction with the Tecnis lens. The PSF and the MTF also showed nonsignificant improvements over conventional IOLs. CONCLUSIONS: The optical quality of pseudophakic eyes can be measured in vivo by aberrometers. Different IOLs resulted in measurably different outcomes. In this preliminary study, compensation of the spherical aberration observed with the Tecnis lens confirmed the theoretical predictions associated with this lens and resulted in no myopic shift in refraction with mydriasis.     

Posterior capsule opacification in rabbit eyes implanted with 1-piece and 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after implantation in rabbit eyes of currently available 3-piece and 1-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) with square optic edges. SETTING: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. METHODS: The 3-piece designs evaluated were the AR40e (Advanced Medical Optics Inc.) and the MA60AC (Alcon, Inc.); the 1-piece designs were the SA60AT and the SA30AT (Alcon, Inc.). Nine lenses of each type were implanted in a randomized manner by the same surgeon in 18 Dutch Belted pigmented rabbits. After a follow-up of 3 weeks, the rabbits were killed and analyses of the enucleated eyes were performed from the posterior or Miyake-Apple view. The intensity of central PCO, peripheral PCO, and Soemmering's ring formation was scored from 0 to 4. The area of Soemmering's ring formation was also scored from 0 to 4 based on the number of quadrants involved. Other parameters analyzed were capsulorhexis coverage of the IOL anterior surface, IOL centration, fixation, and presence of striae. Results from the posterior view were complemented by histopathologic evaluation of the eyes. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the 4 groups of IOLs in the parameters analyzed from the posterior view. When cell ingrowth occurred with the 1-piece designs, causing peripheral and central PCO formation, it was more likely to start at the optic-haptic junctions, as observed during the clinical follow-up with slitlamp examination and confirmed by gross and histopathologic analyses of the enucleated eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The square, truncated optic edge is the most important IOL design feature for PCO prevention. The optic-haptic junctions of the 1-piece designs appear to be sites where the barrier effect of the truncated optic edge is less effective.     

后房型有晶状体眼人工晶状体植入对兔眼晶状体上皮细胞及房水流动的影响

目的 通过动物实验了解后房型有晶状体眼人工晶状体（PC-PIOL）植入对眼内邻近组织及房水流动的影响。设计 实验研究。研究对象 20只新西兰标准实验兔（20眼）。方法 将 20只实验兔随机分为2组,每组10只,均以右眼为实验眼。实验组在植入PC-PIOL后给予局部药物治疗,待裂隙灯显微镜检查房水闪光呈现阴性后,经UBM引导将示踪剂分别注入两组动物右眼后房,手术显微镜下观察示踪剂在前房出现的例数及出现时间。对照组不植入人工晶状体,在实验组炎症消失后,与实验组同时进行以上相关检查。此后分别取两组实验动物的右眼晶状体前囊膜进行透射电镜检查。主要指标 透射电镜检查结果,示踪剂到达前房的例数及时间。结果 两组实验动物晶状体上皮细胞在透射电镜下未见明显形态差异。注射示踪剂后,实验组4例（4眼）和对照组5例（5眼）在前房观察到示踪剂（χ²=0.639,P=0.412）。实验组的示踪剂经注射后在前房出现的时间为（3.07± 0.03）秒,对照组为（2.42± 0.08）秒（t=1.413,P=0.081）。结论 PC-PIOL眼内植入在术后短时间内未对晶状体上皮细胞产生明显影响;对房水从后房向前房流通速度无明显影响。（眼科,2015,24： 97 -99）     

Practically corrected visual acuity after extracapsular cataract extraction with or without intraocular lens implantation.

We examined retrospectively a total of 171 patients (236 eyes) who had undergone extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with or without intraocular lens implantation (IOL). The best and practically corrected visual acuities were determined 6 months after surgery. Practically corrected visual acuity of the ECCE group was significantly worse than that of ECCE plus IOL group of patients who had undergone unilateral cataract surgery. In patients who had undergone bilateral surgery, visual improvement was almost optimal in both groups. With regard to practically corrected visual acuity, ECCE plus IOL was the preferable procedure for elderly patients who had had unilateral cataract.     

Intraocular contamination during extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation

Ocular bacterial contamination has been studied in 45 eyes that underwent cataract surgery. The following samples were taken: (1) eyelid margin swab; (2) conjunctival swab; (3) aqueous humor after initial anterior chamber penetration; (4) anterior capsule fragment after capsulorrhexis or capsulotomy; (5) cortical lens material; (6) anterior chamber fluid after lens implantation. The percentages of contaminated samples were 15.5, 13.3, 0.0, 11.1, 13.3 and 6.6, respectively. There was a significant difference between the incidence of positive cultures in the aqueous humor at the time of incision and in subsequent intraocular samples. Positive cultures were found in 13 out of 45 eyes, only gram-positive organisms were recovered and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common (78.5% of the isolates). These results confirm previous reports on intraocular contamination during cataract surgery.     

过熟期白内障现代囊外摘除与人工晶体植入

目的 能使单眼过熟期白内障患者植入人工晶体，与健眼达到双眼单视，提高生活质量。方法 黏弹剂压迫前囊，不让液化皮质进入前房，先植入晶体，再剪除前囊膜；压迫前囊后采用开罐法等。结果 本组12眼手术全部成功，除1眼因废用性外斜视力4．0，其余6眼脱残，5眼脱盲。结论 掌握过熟期白内障特点，掌握手术操作关键，根据不同情况采用不同手术方式。而手术成功的关键仍在于破晶体前囊及后囊膜的完整。     

Circumcorneal perilimbal anesthesia in extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of subconjunctival anesthesia in conventional extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. SETTING: Eye Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated the complications related to the use of subconjunctival anesthesia in conventional ECCE with IOL implantation. Patient-reported pain during surgery in the first 100 consecutive cases was also evaluated. RESULTS: Complications from the subconjunctival anesthesia technique were few. Patients did not report intraoperative pain severe enough to cause the procedure to be abandoned or the anesthesia reinforced; surgery was successfully performed in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Circumcorneal perilimbal anesthesia was effective for ECCE with IOL implantation. It is important that the surgeon is experienced in the technique and that patients are carefully selected.     

不同设计的非球面人工晶状体植入术后的对比敏感度比较

目的 比较两种不同设计的非球面人工晶状体植入术后患者对比敏感度的改变.方法 选择连续入院并拟由同一临床经验丰富的医师完成白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入手术的患者63例(90只眼),随机分为三组,每组30只眼.组A患者植入前表面非球面修饰的人工晶状体( AMO Tecnis ZA 9003型),组B植入后表面非球面修饰的人工晶状体(Alcon IQ SN60WF型),对照组植入单焦球面人工晶状体( AMO AR40e).术后6个月对三组患者进行不同照明条件下(3 cd/m2,85 cd/m2),四种不同空间频率下(3c/d,6 c/d,12 c/d,18 c/d)的对比敏感度(CS)测定并进行比较.结果 两组非球面晶状体植入的患者术后对比敏感度较球面晶状体植入术的患者更好,其中在低空间频率下( 3c/d 、6c/d)差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在眩光条件下,球面晶体植入患者在高空间频率( 18c/d)下的对比敏感度下降(P＜0.05),而非球面晶状体组患者则耐受良好.结论 两种非球面人工晶状体都能获得良好地视功能,相比传统的球面型人工晶状体,新的非球面设计理念可以带来更好地视觉质量.     

Postoperative optical aberrations in eyes implanted with AcrySof spherical and aspheric intraocular lenses

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare optical and visual quality of eyes implanted with spherical and aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs). METHODS: Twenty eyes of 17 patients were implanted with the AcrySof Natural IQ aspheric IOL (SN60WF) and 20 eyes of 15 patients were implanted with the AcrySof Natural spherical IOL (SN60AT). Photopic monocular distance best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was recorded at 6 months postoperatively. Corneal aberrations were measured with the CSO Eyetop topographer, and ocular aberrations were measured with a Hartmann-Shack aberrometer for a 6-mm pupil. Ocular spherical aberration was computed for different pupil diameters (3, 4, 5, and 6 mm). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the BSCVA of the AcrySof IQ IOL (0.023 +/- 0.004 logMAR) and AcrySof Natural IOL (0.031 +/- 0.003 logMAR) (P = .15). The corneal higher order aberrations showed no statistically significant differences between groups (P > .1). However, spherical aberration and higher order ocular aberrations in the AcrySof IQ eyes were lower than eyes implanted with the AcrySof Natural IOL (P < .01). A statistically significant increase in the spherical aberration coefficient with pupil diameter was found only for the spherical IOL group (P = .0023). Statistically significant differences in the spherical aberration coefficient were found between groups at all pupil diameters (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: A significant reduction in ocular spherical aberration was noted after AcrySof IQ IOL implantation at all pupil diameters compared to the spherical IOL, although photopic BSCVA between groups remained similar.     

Vitreoretinal surgery through multifocal intraocular lenses compared with monofocal intraocular lenses in fluid-filled and air-filled rabbit eyes

PURPOSE: To compare vitrectomy procedures and visualization of posterior segment structures through multifocal silicone intraocular lenses (IOLs) with the same procedures through monofocal silicone IOLs in rabbit eyes. DESIGN: Experimental study. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve eyes of six rabbits. METHODS: Each rabbit eye underwent phacoemulsification of the lens and posterior chamber implantation of a silicone multifocal or silicone monofocal IOL. The type of IOL (monofocal vs. multifocal) implanted in the first eye of each rabbit was randomly decided. The fellow eye then received the other IOL type. Vitrectomy procedures were performed through the IOLs by using a flat contact lens (part 1) or wide-angled contact lens (part 2) for visualization through fluid-filled (parts 1 and 2) and air-filled (part 2) eyes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Image quality, stereopsis, and contrast were subjectively graded on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 (excellent) for each eye by each surgeon. RESULTS: In part 1, image quality averaged 4 for the monofocal IOL and 3.6 for the multifocal IOL. Stereopsis averaged 4 for the monofocal IOL and 4 for the multifocal IOL. Contrast averaged 4 for the monofocal IOL and 3.9 for the multifocal IOL. Vitrectomy with retinal surface maneuvers was successfully performed in both pigmented and nonpigmented rabbit eyes through both IOL types. In part 2, image quality, stereopsis, and contrast were rated as 4 for both multifocal and monofocal silicone IOLs. Air-fluid exchange was performed without difficulty. Image quality, stereopsis, and contrast were rated as 4 for air-filled eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Visualization of posterior segment structures through multifocal silicone IOLs was sufficient for retinal surface maneuvers during vitrectomy procedures in both fluid-filled and air-filled rabbit eyes.     

Optical quality and depth-of-field of eyes implanted with spherical and aspheric intraocular lenses

PURPOSE: To compare experimental optical performance in eyes implanted with spherical and aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs). METHODS: Corneal, total, and internal aberrations were measured in 19 eyes implanted with spherical (n=9) and aspheric (n=10) IOLs. Corneal aberrations were estimated by virtual ray tracing on corneal elevation maps, and total aberrations were measured using a second-generation laser ray tracing system. Corneal and total wave aberrations were fit to a Zernike polynomial expansion. Internal aberrations were measured by subtracting corneal from total wave aberrations. Optical performance was evaluated in terms of root-mean-square (RMS) wavefront error and Strehl ratio (estimated from the modulation transfer function). Depth-of-field was obtained from through-focus Strehl estimates from each individual eye. RESULTS: Corneal aberrations increased after IOL implantation, particularly astigmatism and trefoil terms. Third and higher order RMS (and the corresponding Strehl ratio) were significantly better in eyes with aspheric IOLs than with spherical IOLs; however, this tendency was reversed when astigmatism was included. Spherical aberration was not significantly different in eyes with aspheric IOLs, whereas it was significantly positive in eyes with spherical IOLs. Third order aberrations were not significantly different across groups. Depth-of-field was significantly larger in eyes with spherical IOLs. Spherical IOLs showed better absolute optical quality in the presence of negative defocus >1.00 D. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows a good degree of compensation of the corneal spherical aberration in eyes implanted with aspheric IOLs, as opposed to eyes implanted with spherical IOLs. Other sources of optical degradation, both with aspheric and spherical IOLs, are non-symmetric preoperative corneal aberrations, incision-induced aberrations, and third order internal aberrations. Although best corrected optical quality is significantly better with aspheric IOLs, tolerance to defocus tended to be lower.     

小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术的临床分析

目的:探讨小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效。方法:老年性白内障285例285眼行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术,术前充分散瞳,在手术显微镜下完成手术,对术中、术后情况进行观察。结果:术后视力都有不同程度的提高。术后1d裸眼视力>0.3者265眼(93.0%),≥0.5者245眼(86.0%)。结论:小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术有切口愈合快、术后反应小、减少术后散光,易于防止和处理术中发生的暴发性脉络膜上腔出血,其并发症少等优点。     

儿童人工晶体植入初步报告

报告９４只眼儿童白内障囊外摘除联合后房型人工晶体植入随访６￣３０个月的结果。９４只眼均顺利植入人工晶体，个别外伤障使用了前段玻璃体切除。术后处理同成年人。术后主要并发症明显高于成年人，主要为葡萄膜炎，特点是前房反应较老年性白内障重，持续时间长，易发生虹膜后粘连和形成后囊膜混浊。经随访，单眼脱盲率为９０．１％，其４９．４％的患儿矫正视力低于０．４。我们认为，对白内障儿童植入人工晶体应持慎重态度，不主