腹腔镜电凝打孔治疗多囊卵巢综合征的远期疗效分析

目的 :观察腹腔镜电凝打孔治疗多囊卵巢综合征 (PCOS)的远期疗效。方法 :于 1997年 7月～ 2 0 0 3年 9月对克罗米酚促排卵治疗无效的PCOS患者 5 0例 ,行腹腔镜电凝打孔术 ,观察手术前后FSH、LH、T、E2 、PRL、LH/FSH的变化。并对比手术前后卵巢体积及形态的变化。术后根据基础体温测定 (BBT)及B超监测排卵并随访受孕情况。结果 :随访时间 3～ 73月 ,其中 6 0月以上 15例。术后LH、T、LH/FSH较术前明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,卵巢体积由术前平均 11cm3变为术后平均 8.4cm3,月经情况明显改善 ,该方法治疗PCOS自然恢复排卵率 94 % ,术后 5年累积受孕率 76 % ,无并发症发生。结论 :腹腔镜治疗PCOS简单易行、创伤小、恢复快 ,远期疗效好 ,为难治的PCOS患者提供了新的治疗途径     

Serum leptin levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is related to leptin dysregulation. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a university hospital. PATIENT(S): Fifty patients with PCOS (33 nonobese and 17 obese) and 32 control women (19 nonobese and 13 obese) were included in the study. INTERVENTION(S): Serum leptin levels were measured in patients with PCOS and the controls. Correlations between leptin levels and serum hormone levels (FSH, LH, free testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA-S and fasting insulin) were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum leptin levels and correlations between leptin levels and the hormonal parameters. RESULT(S): Mean serum leptin levels were not significantly higher in patients with PCOS compared to the control group. Leptin levels were found to be significantly higher in the obese subgroups both in patients with PCOS and in the control women. Leptin levels were found to be higher in obese patients with PCOS compared to obese controls; however, when the levels were evaluated again with covariance analysis excluding body mass index, there was no statistically significant difference. Leptin levels had a positive correlation with body mass index, both in patients with PCOS and the controls. CONCLUSION(S): Leptin levels were not higher in patients with PCOS compared to the control group; the leptin level was correlated with the amount of fat tissue not only in patients with PCOS but also in healthy women.     

Evaluation of endothelial function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objectives

Previous studies have suggested that vascular reactivity may be altered in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We sought to evaluate the vascular reactivity specifically the endothelial function (EF) in women with PCOS and to study the effect of metformin on their EF.

Study design

Thirty-one women diagnosed with PCOS and 33 healthy controls underwent evaluation of EF using a post-ischemia reactive hyperemia technique (Endo-PAT). EF was quantitatively determined as the ratio between the arterial pulse wave amplitude following a 5 min arterial occlusion in the forearm to the pre-occlusion value. Oral metformin 850 mg bid was administered to PCOS patients. After 3 months of treatment EF was reassessed using the same technique.

Results

The average endothelial function was 1.48 ± 0.32 in the PCOS group versus 2.00 ± 0.51 in the controls (P < 0.001). There were no significant changes in the EF among the 18 patients who were treated with metformin, EF index pre- and post-treatment was 1.42 versus 1.43, respectively.

Conclusions

Endothelial dysfunction is more likely to occur among PCOS patients than in healthy controls. These preliminary results suggest that metformin treatment for 3 months in PCOS patients does not improve endothelial function.     

Effect of ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate on endothelial function in young non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study

Background.?Combined oral contraceptives are used in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women for the treatment of hyperandrogenism and menstrual cycle disturbances.

Aim.?To assess the effect of ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate (EE/CA) on endothelial function in young, non-obese PCOS women in a pilot study.

Methods.?Thirteen young, non-obese PCOS women (20.9?±?3.7 years, 23.0?±?4.0?kg/m²) received 35?mcg EE & 2?mg CA for 6 months. Fourteen age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy women served as controls. Endothelial function assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), indices of hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance were studied at baseline and 6-month follow-up.

Results.?FMD was impaired in PCOS compared to control women (4.67?±?2.38% vs. 10.12?±?3.19%, p?<?0.001), but increased significantly following EE/CA (9.99?±?2.11%, p?<?0.001 vs. baseline), reaching normal values (p?=?NS vs. controls). EE/CA also significantly decreased hyperandrogenism indices and increased total and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (p?<?0.05 vs. baseline). The only independent predictor of treatment-induced FMD improvement in PCOS women was the decrease in free androgen index.

Conclusions.?Treatment with combination of estrogens and antiandrogens reverses endothelial dysfunction in young, non-obese PCOS women mainly via improving hyperandrogenism. Further research is needed to investigate whether this treatment may also reduce cardiovascular risk in these women.     

Circulating microRNAs in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Aim: To explore the pattern of expression of circulating miRNAs in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and methods: Microarray and qRT-PCR were used to investigate circulating miRNAs in PCOS during clinical diagnosis. The targets of dys-regulated miRNAs were predicted using bioinformatics, followed by function and pathway analysis using the databases of Gene Ontology and the KEGG pathway. Results: BMI, triglyceride, HOMA-IR, Testosterone and CRP levels were significantly higher, while estradiol was significantly lower in PCOS than in control groups. After SAM analysis, 5 circulating miRNAs were significantly up-regulated (let-7i-3pm, miR-5706, miR-4463, miR-3665, miR-638) and 4 (miR-124-3p, miR-128, miR-29a-3p, let-7c) were down-regulated in PCOS patients. Hierarchical clustering showed a general distinction between PCOS and control samples in a heat map. After joint prediction by different statistical methods, 34 and 41 genes targeted were up-and down-regulated miRNAs, in PCOS and controls, respectively. Further, GO and KEGG analyses revealed the involvement of the immune system, ATP binding, MAPK signaling, apoptosis, angiogenesis, response to reactive oxygen species and p53 signaling pathways in PCOS. Conclusions: We report a novel non-invasive miRNA profile which distinguishes PCOS patients from healthy controls. The miRNA-target database may provide a novel understanding of PCOS and potential therapeutic targets.     

多囊卵巢综合征血浆瘦素的改变及相关影响因素的研究

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血浆瘦素(leptin)水平的变化及其相关影响因素。方法用放射免疫学方法检测63例PCOS患者血浆leptin、血清泌乳素、促黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素、雌二醇、睾酮、雄烯二酮水平,同时行糖耐量及胰岛素释放实验。用相关分析探讨leptin与体重指数(BMI)、性激素、血糖、胰岛素和胰岛素敏感指数的关系。结果PCOS患者空腹胰岛素(r=0.6,P<0.01)和BMI(r=0.351,P<0.01)与血浆瘦素呈显著正相关,且空腹胰岛素对瘦素的影响更显著。结论瘦素可能与PCOS的胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症密切相关。     

Metabolic syndrome in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome

The aim of the presented study is to evaluate metabolic features in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in comparison with age- and BMI-matched subjects. Forty-three adolescents with PCOS according to ESHRE criteria were prospectively evaluated and compared with 48 control subjects. Blood sampling was done in the early follicular phase of menstrual cycle, between 1st and 5th day, for plasma glucose, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and C peptide. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was done according to IDF adolescent criteria. Adolescents with PCOS have increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (p?<?0.002), decreased HDL-cholesterol (p <0.0007) and increased C peptide levels (p?<?0.02) in comparison with healthy adolescents. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not differ between the groups. There was no difference when we compared the prevalence of adolescents with at least one feature of metabolic syndrome between PCOS (17 from 43) and healthy controls (27 from 48). In conclusion, adolescents with PCOS have less favourable blood lipid profiles with higher LDL-cholesterol and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol and are more insulin resistant than their healthy counterparts having higher fasting C peptide levels.     

超声引导下经阴道卵巢内激光治疗多囊卵巢综合征的剂量研究

目的 评价不同激光剂量对超声引导下经阴道卵巢内激光治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)排卵障碍患者的临床及内分泌效果的影响.方法 选择2005年1月至2007年7月就诊于深圳市妇幼保健院的对枸橼酸氯米芬治疗无反应的PCOS不孕患者56例,随机分为A、B、C、D共4组,行超声引导下经阴道卵巢内激光治疗,激光治疗的剂量以卵巢内凝固点数表示,每个凝固点采用功率为3～5 W的激光持续作用1～3 min,直径约为10 mm.其中A组为1个点,B组为2个点,C组为3个点,D组为4～5个点.比较治疗后6个月内各组患者自发排卵率、妊娠率及月经周期情况,并比较治疗前后各组患者血清性激素水平的变化.结果 (1)C组和D组治疗后自发排卵率分别为71%(10/14)和79%(11/14),均高于A组(0)和B组(21%,3/14),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).C组和D组治疗后6个月累积临床妊娠率分别为43%(6/14)和36%(5/14),均高于A组(0),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01、P<0.05);与B组(14%,2/14)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).C组与D组的自发排卵率及累积临床妊娠率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).(2)治疗前的各项性激素水平,各组患者之间分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后的黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮水平及LH/卵泡刺激素(FSH)比值,A组[分别为(11.9±3.1)U/L、(3.9±1.6)nmol/L和2.1±0.5]、B组[分别为(10.4±3.9)U/L、(3.3±1.1)nmol/L和2.0±0.6]分别与C组[分别为(6.3±2.6)U/L、(2.2±0.7)nmol/L和1.1±0.3]、D组[分别为(5.8±2.5)U/L、(2.1±0.4)nmol/L和1.0±0.4]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组与D组分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).C、D组治疗后的平均LH、睾酮水平及LH/FSH比值分别较治疗前下降了42%、39%、42%和53%、40%、58%,均高于A组(分别下降了4%、9%和16%)和B组(分别下降了11%、6%和5%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组与D组之间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 每侧卵巢内选择1～2个激光凝固点的临床效果较差,3个激光凝固点是卵巢内激光治疗PCOS排卵障碍的有效剂量,在此基础上增加凝固点数不能提高治疗效果.     

Metformin versus acarbose therapy in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a prospective randomised double-blind study

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of metformin versus acarbose in terms of ovulation rate, their impact on hormonal and metabolic status and tolerability of both drugs in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Seventy-five patients with PCOS were included in this prospective randomised controlled double-blinded clinical study. According to randomisation, patients were allocated to receive either metformin 2550?mg/day (n?=?37) or acarbose 300?mg/day (n?=?38) for 12 weeks. Primary study outcomes were ovulation rate, restoration of a regular menstrual cycle and the incidence of side effects. Secondary outcomes included treatment-related hormonal and metabolic changes.

Comparable high rates of regular menstrual cycles as well as ovulation could be achieved in both groups (70% and 73% for metformin vs. 78% and 59% for acarbose, p?=?0.330 and p?=?0.185, respectively). In contrast, only in patients treated with metformin a statistically significant decrease in fasting insulin and cholesterol levels as well as BMI was observed. However, comparing both groups at the end of treatment, no significant differences in metabolic and/or hormonal parameters could be detected. Regarding side effects, the rate of flatulence and/or diarrhoea was significantly lower for acarbose compared to metformin (38% vs. 80%, p?<?0.001).     

Glucose intolerance in Japanese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background Hyperinsulinemia, which is related to obesity, played a pathogenic role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the incidence of obesity in Japanese women with PCOS is different from that reported in patients with PCOS in Europe and USA. We should determine if insulin resistance occurs in Japanese PCOS. The purpose of this study is to assess the presence of insulin resistance in Japanese PCOS, while also considering obesity as a factor. Methods We divided the patients with polycystic ovary (PCO) into three groups based on body mass index and levels of gonadotropin. Nine obese PCOS, 34 normal body-weighted PCOS (luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) >1.0) and 11 normal LH (LH/FSH ≤ 1.0), normal body-weighted PCO were studied. We compared those patients to 16 control subjects with normal ovulation or with hypothalamic anovulation. Eleven women in the control were normal body-weighted and five were obese. Patients were given an oral glucose tolerance test. Testosterone, plasma glucose and serum immunoreactive insulin after oral administration of 75 g dextrose were studied. We also compared glucose-intolerance [total plasma glucose (ΣPG) and insulin (ΣIRI), insulinogenic index (I.I.), fasting plasma glucose/immunoreactive insulin (FPG/IRI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R)] and testosterone among these groups. Results There were no differences in ΣPG, ΣIRI, I.I., FPG/IRI or HOMA-R between PCOS and controls. However, there were significant differences in ΣPG, ΣIRI, FPG/IRI and HOMA-R between obese and normal body-weighted patients. Similarly, there were no differences in ΣPG, ΣIRI, I.I., FPG/IRI or HOMA-R between PCOS and controls in the normal body-weighted group. However, there were significant differences in ΣPG, ΣIRI, FPG/IRI and HOMA-R between the obese and the normal body-weighted PCOS. There were also significant differences in ΣPG and I.I. between LH-dominant, normal body-weighted PCOS and normal LH PCO. Conclusion Japanese PCOS might have insulin-resistance but the factor of obesity had a stronger effect on insulin-resistance than did the existence of PCOS. The possibility of a different type of glucose-intolerance was suggested in the patients with ultrasonographical PCO in whom gonadotropin secretion was abnormal.     

Treatment strategies for women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women, and it is the main cause of infertility in women of reproductive age due to anovulation. PCOS also increases the risk of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in women with this disorder. The mechanism of pathogenesis is not clear, as it may be related to heredity, the environment and internal embryonic factors; thus, the treatment strategies remain unclear. This review summarizes current treatments for PCOS worldwide. Lifestyle modification (LSM) is considered the first-line treatment, regardless of fertility status, without the addition of metformin. Oral contraceptive (OC) pills should be used as a first-line treatment for long-term management for patients with no reproductive requirements. For patients with fertility requirements, ovulation therapy is an effective treatment. For refractory ovulation disorders, patients can choose from among the latest treatments, including ovarian hippocampal signal path block theory, the theory of leptin, inositol treatment, bilateral ovarian drilling to stimulate ovulation and assisted reproductive technology. Because current treatments cannot cure PCOS, lifelong administration is still the mainstream method of management; however, the optimal treatment plan needs further research and exploration.     

Evaluation of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Aim.?Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with the clustering of states including insulin resistance (IR), obesity, elevated blood pressure, and dyslipidemia that are termed as metabolic syndrome (MBS). This study was designed to assess the differences between homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) values in PCOS and healthy women.

Methods.?In a case–control study, 55 women with PCOS and 59 women with normal cycles (control group) aged 15–40 years old were evaluated. In all the subjects (after obtaining written informed consent), blood pressure, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist /hip ratio(WHR) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), HDL, C-peptide, insulin, HOMA Index, and FGIR (fasting glucose to insulin ratio) were measured.

Results.?In this study, the prevalence of MBS was significantly higher in PCOS group compared with the control group (p = 0.028). There were no significant differences in age, waist/hip ratio, fasting glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels between patients with PCOS and control group. Furthermore, the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and the mean of HOMA and FGIR did not differ significantly between PCOS and control group.

Conclusion.?Criteria of MBS are frequently present in young women with PCOS and may be more useful as a prognostic factor than IR indexes in this age group. We suggest evaluation of IR in older age women with PCOS.     

多囊卵巢综合征患者并发子宫内膜增生症的临床研究

目的:探讨多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)患者并发子宫内膜增生症(endometrial hyperplasia,EH)的患病率、病理类型、高危因素及超声检查在筛查该并发症的作用和临床转归。方法:根据是否合并EH将440例PCOS患者分为组1(合并EH组,n=18)和组2(非EH组,n=422),比较2组的一般特征、月经失调的类型、超声指标、生殖内分泌激素和糖代谢,随访治疗后子宫内膜的病理改变。结果:PCOS患者并发EH的发病率为4.1%,简单型和复杂型17例(94.44%),不典型1例(5.45%);月经失调类型中,表现为功血者发生EH的风险大于其它类型月经失调(P<0.01,拟然比为21.47),表现为月经稀发继发闭经者发生EH的风险小于其它类型月经失调(P<0.05,拟然比6.282)。组1的年龄及相应病程大于组2(28.82±6.80岁vs23.05±5.32岁,12.42±7.13年vs7.28±5.65年,P<0.01);组1的子宫内膜厚度大于组2(11.75±4.77mmvs7.72±3.14mm,P<0.01),组1子宫内膜异常回声高于组2(100%vs0.47%,P<0.01),子宫动脉的搏动指数和阻力指数低于组2(1.68±0.54vs2.85±1.98,0.77±0.08vs0.88±0.27,P<0.01);两组FSH、LH、LH/FSH、总睾酮和游离雄激素指数的差别没有统计学意义,但组1的性激素结合蛋白低于组2(82.94±41.80mmol/Lvs128.17±117.21mmol/L,P<0.01);两组空腹胰岛素、胰岛素释放试验的曲线下面积、空腹血糖、葡萄糖耐量试验的曲线下面积和稳态模型的胰岛素抵抗指数的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后子宫内膜均转化为正常。结论:PCOS患者合并EH的临床转归良好,超声检查在PCOS患者并发EH筛查中有重要作用。     

Elevated PAPP-A levels in lean patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the serum concentrations of PAPP-A (pregnancy associated placental protein-A), a biomarker which is associated with cardiovascular disease, in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

多囊卵巢综合征患者非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病情况分析

目的 分析多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者中非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的发病情况.方法 选择PCOS患者60例为PCOS组、非PCOS患者60例为对照组,比较两组患者NAFLD的发病情况.结果 PCOS组丙氨酸转氨酶(AIJT)水平、空腹胰岛素水平和稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)分别为(29±15)U/L、(19±12)mU/L和0.47±0.29,均显著高于对照组[分别为(15±13)U/L、(11±8)mU/L和0.31±0.21],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PCOS组胰岛素抵抗、NAFLD的发生率分别为63%(38/60)和42%(25/60),与对照组的35%(21/60)和20%(12/60)比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PCOS组ALT异常的发生率为40%(24/60),对照组为3%(2/60),两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).PCOS组伴有NAFLD患者与不伴NAFLD患者比较,体重指数显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);腰围臀围比值、ALT、C反应蛋白、空腹胰岛素、口服葡萄糖耐量试验2 h后胰岛素水平和HOMA-IR也显著升高,差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PCOS患者中NAFLD患病率升高,提示了两种疾病在临床上的相关性及对PCOS患者进行肝脏相关检查的必要性.