蛙皮素对新生兔小肠粘膜刷状缘双糖酶活性的调节作用

为探讨蛙皮素对新生兔小肠粘膜双糖酶活性的调节作用 ,方法 :用新生仔兔 2 4只 ,随机分为蛙皮素大、小剂量实验组及对照组 ,每组 8只 ,采用生物化学方法测定其小肠粘膜双糖酶活性。结果显示 :新生兔小肠粘膜芽糖酶、蔗糖酶及乳糖酶活性依次为 (6 8± 15 ) ;(5 2± 1 9) ;(16 0± 16 )U/g。应用蛙皮素则使其麦芽糖酶及蔗糖酶活性显著增加 (P <0 0 1) ,乳糖酶活性则无显著变化 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :蛙皮素能够促进新生兔小肠粘膜芽糖酶及蔗糖酶的提早成熟     

继发性小肠双糖酶缺乏机制探讨

目的分析肠道黏膜损伤以及幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染对小肠双糖酶活性的影响。方法选取因慢性消化道症状而就诊的0~14岁患儿152例,内镜检查获取十二指肠远端黏膜组织,用Dahlqvist’s方法测定小肠双糖酶活性,快速尿素酶法检测H.pylori感染,胃十二指肠远端黏膜组织的病理学检查。分析比较不同程度肠黏膜损伤、H.pylori感染与患儿的双糖酶活性的变化。结果不同肠黏膜病理分组患儿的小肠双糖酶水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);H.pylori感染阳性与阴性患儿的小肠双糖酶活性的差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肠道黏膜损伤以及幽门螺杆菌感染与小肠双糖酶活性无相关性,可能不是导致肠道双糖酶缺乏的主要原因。     

双糖酶缺乏症

双糖酶缺乏症是指小肠黏膜刷状缘双糖酶(乳糖酶、蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶、异麦芽糖酶及海藻糖酶)缺乏,导致未吸收的双糖被结肠内细菌分解代谢,产生CO_2、H_2及其他气体和有机酸,临床上出现腹胀、腹痛、腹泻、肠鸣和排气过多等症状。双糖酶缺乏与人类营养和健康的关系密切,并日益引起人们的重视,本文就其流行病学、分子学和遗传学、临床特点、诊断和治疗等方面进行综述。     

双糖酶缺乏症

双糖酶缺乏症是指小肠黏膜刷状缘双糖酶(乳糖酶、蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶、异麦芽糖酶及海藻糖酶)缺乏，导致未吸收的双糖被结肠内细菌分解代谢，产生CO2、H2及其他气体和有机酸，临床上出现腹胀、腹痛、腹泻、肠鸣和排气过多等症状。双糖酶缺乏与人类营养和健康的关系密切，并日益引起人们的重视，本文就其流行病学、分子学和遗传学、临床特点、诊断和治疗等方面进行综述。     

广州地区儿童十二指肠黏膜双糖酶活性检测

目的 探讨儿童十二指肠降段黏膜乳糖酶、蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶活性与降段黏膜绒毛形态的关系,初步探讨广州地区儿童十二指肠黏膜双糖酶活性水平.方法 收集140名儿童的十二指肠降段黏膜,采用改良的Dahlqvist法检测乳糖酶、蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶活性,并行十二指肠黏膜绒毛组织学检查.结果 ①140例中110例绒毛形态正常,30例绒毛形态呈部分萎缩,无绒毛完全萎缩病例.②绒毛部分萎缩组乳糖酶、蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶活性低于绒毛正常组(P＜0.001).③110例绒毛形态正常儿童十二指肠黏膜的双糖酶活性水平为乳糖酶几何均数、95%可信区间、最小值分别为19.91、16.76～23.56、3.22(U/g),蔗糖酶为72.96、62.99-91.70、15.48(U/g);麦芽糖酶为331.13、282.49～388.15、61.62(U/g).结论 十二指肠降段黏膜的双糖酶活性与黏膜绒毛的组织学形态有关,绒毛萎缩可引起双糖酶活性的降低.     

小儿乳糖吸收不良与不耐受

乳糖酶位于小肠粘膜上皮刷状缘的顶端,主要作用为将进入小肠的乳糖山双糖分解为葡萄糖和半乳糖等单糖而迅速在小肠内吸收转运,如乳糖酶缺乏(Lactasedeficiency,LD)时,乳糖的消化吸收遂发生障碍,可导致腹泻、腹痛、腹胀、腹部不适及肠鸣等症状,作     

早期营养干预对宫内生长迟缓大鼠小肠发育及体格生长的影响(英文)

目的：了解出生后早期营养干预对宫内生长迟缓 (IUGR)大鼠体格、小肠发育的影响。方法：生后 4周内每周分别测量正常大鼠正常饮食组 (CC) ,IUGR正常饮食组 (IC)、低蛋白饮食组 (IL)及高蛋白饮食组(IH)大鼠体重、身长。并于出生时及第 3,4周测量其小肠长度、重量及肠粘膜双糖酶 (乳糖酶、麦芽糖酶、蔗糖酶 )活力。结果：①IUGR鼠出生时体重、身长、小肠长度及重量均显著小于正常鼠 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;乳糖酶、麦芽糖酶活力高于正常组 (P <0 .0 5 )。②IL组身长、体重、小肠重量及长度生后初 4周均落后于CC ,IC和IH组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;IH组体格、小肠追赶生长迅速 ,4周时体重与CC组比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。③ 3周时IL ,IH组乳糖酶活力高于CC组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;4周时IL组蔗糖酶活力小于CC组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论：生后早期营养干预对IU GR大鼠早期体格追赶生长、小肠发育有重要的影响。     

四氢叶酸口服和注射解救豚鼠大剂量甲氨蝶呤毒性的比较

目的比较四氢叶酸(LV)注射与口服给药解救大剂量甲氨蝶呤(HD-MTX)毒性的效果,了解口服解救安全性。方法4周龄豚鼠分成空白对照组(9只)、口服解救组和注射解救组(各18只)。空白组不用任何药物;余二组腹腔注射MTX,24h后开始喂饲(口服组)或注射(注射组)LV解救。72h后检测血清ALT和肌酐(Cr)、肝组织蛋白水平、小肠黏膜酶活性及绒毛长度。结果口服组ALT异常高值1个、Cr异常高值1个,注射组有3个和1个;二组肝组织蛋白水平无显著差异[(15.2±3.7)mg/gvs(14.9±3.5)mg/gPa>0.05)],但均高于对照组[(12.1±2.6)mg/gPa<0.05]。口服组与注射组小肠黏膜碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶活性及绒毛长度均无显著差异[(1.302±0.691)IU/cmvs(1.073±0.465)IU/cm、(0.034±0.019)IU/cmvs(0.028±0.017)IU/cm、(400.5±80.9)μmvs(419.6±60.8)μmPa>0.05),但明显低于对照组[(4.614±1.683)IU/cm、(0.119±0.068)IU/cm和(564.2±53.8)μmPa<0.05]。结论口服给药对HD-MTX引起肝、肾及小肠黏膜毒性的解救效果并不逊于注射给药,口服解救可安全地用于HD-MTX化疗。     

慢性腹泻患儿乳糖不耐受的研究：附50例分析

本文报道对50例慢性腹泻患儿作小肠粘膜活检、粘膜乳糖酶活性分析和粪便还原糖测定。结果:粪糖阳性率70%,乳糖酶缺乏68%,其中两者皆存者28例(占56%)。78%患儿有不同程度的肠粘膜损害,其损害的程度可能决定乳糖不耐受的发生率。表明继发乳糖不耐受是腹泻的一常见并发症,可能是腹泻持续的一个重要因素。乳糖酶活性测定为一较可靠的诊断方法,可用以指导临床饮食治疗。     

新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑病模型脑组织新生血管形成及调控因素

目的探讨新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)模型脑组织新生血管形成及调控因素.方法 68只新生大鼠建立HIE模型组(44只)或行假手术组(24只).两组缺氧后1、3、7和14天各处死5只大鼠,用免疫组化方法检测脑组织内皮细胞、增生细胞核抗原和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF).模型组的其余24只新生大鼠建立HIE模型,于缺氧后3、12h,1、3、7和14d各处死4只大鼠,取缺氧缺血侧脑组织液氮速冻,用于提取RNA.假手术组的其余4只正常新生大鼠作假手术处理后即刻处死提RNA做正常对照.分析缺氧缺血侧脑组织毛细血管密度(BCDI)、增生毛细血管密度和VEGF表达.用RT-PCR检测VEGF和缺氧诱导因子-1α (HIF-1α) mRNA表达.结果模型组缺氧缺血侧脑组织坏死灶周围BCDI在第3天开始上升,并持续增加;BCDI显著高于假手术组(第14天13.29±3.90条/HPF vs 6.08±1.50条/HPF,P＜0.01).正常新生大鼠脑组织偶见增生毛细血管,而模型组缺氧缺血侧脑组织增生毛细血管密度在第3、7天(0.54±0.15条/HPF和0.90±0.25条/HPF)显著高于假手术组(0.12±0.05条/HPF和0.13±0.07条/HPF,P＜0.01).VEGF主要由神经元、毛细血管内皮细胞和软膜细胞等细胞表达.缺氧缺血后脑组织VEGF mRNA表达上调,12h时VEGF mRNA表达显著高于正常(1.56±0.27 vs 0.95±0.21, P＜0.05);HIF-1α mRNA表达上调先于VEGF,3h时HIF-1α mRNA表达即显著高于正常(1.07±0.21 vs 0.64±0.28, P＜0.05).结论新生大鼠HIE模型脑组织有新生血管形成; HIF-1介导的VEGF表达上调在此过程中可能起重要作用.     

Experience in the use of biostator in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in children of the pubertal age

The authors discuss the possibilities of the use of the apparatus "artificial pancreas biostator" in multiple modality treatment of patients suffering from type I diabetes. The own research data are provided. They are based on the use of the apparatus "biostator" in 62 children aged 9-15 years with diabetes mellitus in order to improve insulin therapy. After treatment sessions with the aid of the apparatus all the patients noted improvement of the well-being and abatement of the signs of diabetes mellitus lability. In some cases, the treatment using the apparatus promoted a more rapid attainment of disease compensation as compared to the application of conventional treatment methods. It has been shown that high insulin requirement of pubertal children with diabetes decompensation is determined in many respects by activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system.     

Advances in the modulation of the microbial ecology of the gut in early infancy

It is now generally accepted that the microbiota of the human gut may influence health and well-being. Lactic acid bacteria are the most important microorganisms associated with these beneficial effects and the elevated bifidobacterial count may be one of the greatest advantages that breastfed infants have over infants fed with milk formulas. Several studies relative to the selective growth stimulation of bifidobacteria, both in vitro and in vivo , are reported in this review. Over the years, diverse human milk components have been identified as the specific factors able to modulate the growth of bifidobacteria. Even if there is a certain agreement that the bifidogenic activity of human milk may be based not on single growth substances, but on a complex set of interacting factors, the present state of knowledge indicates that the use of non-digestible but fermentable carbohydrates may be an easy and reliable method to influence the growth of lactic acid bacteria. In this context, some of the characteristics of the major physiological effects of inulin-type fructans, of galacto-oligosaccharides, but also of lactoferrin, a milk whey protein fraction with purported bifidogenic activity, are briefly examined.     

Advances in the modulation of the microbial ecology of the gut in early infancy

It is now generally accepted that the microbiota of the human gut may influence health and well-being. Lactic acid bacteria are the most important microorganisms associated with these beneficial effects and the elevated bifidobacterial count may be one of the greatest advantages that breastfed infants have over infants fed with milk formulas. Several studies relative to the selective growth stimulation of bifidobacteria, both in vitro and in vivo, are reported in this review. Over the years, diverse human milk components have been identified as the specific factors able to modulate the growth of bifidobacteria. Even if there is a certain agreement that the bifidogenic activity of human milk may be based not on single growth substances, but on a complex set of interacting factors, the present state of knowledge indicates that the use of non-digestible but fermentable carbohydrates may be an easy and reliable method to influence the growth of lactic acid bacteria. In this context, some of the characteristics of the major physiological effects of inulin-type fructans, of galacto-oligosaccharides, but also of lactoferrin, a milk whey protein fraction with purported bifidogenic activity, are briefly examined.