蒙药草乌叶中一个新二萜生物碱Beiwucine

草乌叶为乌头属植物北乌头(ＡｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｋｕｓｎｅｚｏｆｆｉｉＲｅｉｃｈｂ)的干燥叶,为常用蒙医药,《中华人民共和国药典》和《内蒙古蒙药材标准》均收载,有清热、解毒和止痛等功效,用于热病发烧、泄泻腹痛、头痛牙痛等。草乌叶总碱有抗炎和镇痛作用[1],但其化学成分未见报道。为了探讨其蒙医用药原理,寻找高效低毒有效成分,本文对草乌叶中的活性成分进行了研究。作者自乙醇提取物分离到5个化合物,经光谱分析和与已知物相比较的方法,鉴定了其中3个化合物的结构,分别为Ｃ19乌头碱型二萜生物碱,ｂｅｉｗｕｔｉｎｅ(Ｉ)、8乙氧基14苯甲…     

基于系统药理学探讨草乌改善Ⅱ型糖尿病的分子机制

目的 基于系统药理学、生物信息学、分子对接及体内外实验探讨草乌影响 2 型糖尿病(diabetes mellitus type 2, T2DM)的潜力及对 T2DM 相关症状的潜在机制。方法 利用数据库检索草乌相关化学成分、预测潜在作用靶点以及干预 相关疾病;GEO 数据库检索 T2DM 相对健康人的差异基因,与草乌作用靶点映射后置于 DAVIDavid 数据库进行生物功能 富集,利用单因素方差分析、二元 Logistic 回归分析及 ROC 曲线分析目标基因对于 T2DM 的敏感性。借助分子对接技术 分析草乌化学成分与靶蛋白的结合位置及相互作用力。通过体内外 T2DM 模型验证草乌及其化学成分对目标蛋白表达的 影响。 结果 通过数据库检索与分析得到草乌干预靶点相关疾病 44 种(P value<0.05,FDR<0.05),选取度值最高的 T2DM(Degree=22)进行分析。T2DM 相对健康人差异基因与草乌潜在作用靶点取交集得到 43 个目标基因,进行单因素方 差分析得到有显著性差异的基因共 9 个,二元 Logistic 回归分析得到 5 个有意义基因,ROC 曲线下面积 AUC>0.5 的基因 共 3 个。分子对接得到草乌化学成分(+)-Isoboldine 与蛋白 APEX1、CASP1、CBFB,Napelline 与蛋白 CBX1、EHMT2 结 合通过氢键相互作用、疏水相互作用、可电离性和静电相互作用等不同作用力结合,从而增加配体靶向作用蛋白的能力。 体内模型经草乌水提物治疗 2 周后,草乌可能通过改善周围神经病变进而缓解 T2DM 症状。并且草乌可以影响大鼠肝组织 中 APEX1、CASP1、CBFB、CBX1、EHMT2 的蛋白表达,草乌中(+)-Isoboldine 和 Napelline 化学成分对体外模型的目标蛋 白的影响与体内实验一致。结论 初步揭示草乌可作为改善 T2DM 周围神经病变的潜在治疗药物,为中蒙药研发以及挖掘 治疗 T2DM 新靶标药物奠定理论基础。     

Diterpene Alkaloids of Aconitum kirinense Nakai I.Lepe-nine and Kirinine A

从毛茛科乌头属植物吉林乌头（ＡｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｋｉｒｉｎｉｎｅＮａｋａｉ）中分得两个Ｃ２０二萜生物碱ｌｅｐｅｎｉｎｅ（雷乌宁）和ｋｉｒｉｎｉｎｅＡ（吉乌碱甲），用化学和波谱方法鉴定了它们的结构，其中后者为新化合物。     

草乌花及其煎煮液中二萜生物碱的电喷雾串联质谱研究草乌花及其煎煮液中二萜生物碱的电喷雾串联质谱研究

目的 对草乌花及其煎煮液中的二萜生物碱进行定性分析,说明煎煮前后化学成分发生的变化。 方法用注射泵自动进样,电喷雾离子阱串联质谱直接分析草乌花及其煎煮液中生物碱混合物。结果 在生草乌花中发现3个新生物碱,草乌花煎煮后其中的双酯型生物碱和三酯型生物碱都发生水解,前者水解为苯甲酰乌头原碱和乌头原碱类生物碱,后者水解为3-乙酰-乌头原碱类生物碱。结论 该法简便、快速、灵敏、特异性强,为乌头属植物煎煮液中的生物碱分析提供了新途径。     

全固态乌头碱电化学检测器的研制及其在流动注射分析中的应用

报道一种新型结构的全固态乌头碱电化学检测器的研制及其在流动注射分析中的应用。采用流动注射分析法对川乌、草乌及其中成药(小活络丸)中剧毒成分(双酯型生物碱)进行了测试,方法简便快速,结果同光度法接近。本文还提出了电化学法研究乌头碱水解动力学原理。在pH 6.5,温度98℃的条件下测得乌头碱水解成苯甲酰乌头碱的速度常数为1.36×10^-2min^-1。     

Studies on structural elucidation of Aconitum diterpenoid alkaloid by LC-APCI-MS and effects of Aconitum diterpenoid alkaloid on cutaneous blood flow

The chemical constituents of Aconitum yesoense var. macroyesoense and Aconitum japonicum were examined using high-resolution spectral analysis. Twelve novel alkaloids were isolated from A. yesoense var. macroyesoense together with 20 known alkaloids. Eight novel alkaloids were isolated from A. japonicum together with 15 known alkaloids. An HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS) method was useful for the simultaneous determination of 21 Aconitum alkaloids found in A. yesoense var. macroyesoense and A. japonicum. These compounds were fairly stable under the conditions used, and the protonated molecules or fragment ions characteristic of the molecule appeared as base peaks in the mass spectra and were used for selected ion monitoring. HPLC-APCI-MS is a very promising approach for structural investigations of positional isomers and stereoisomers. This method was applied successfully to stereoisomeric Aconitum alkaloids differing in configuration at C-1, -6, or -12. Comparison of the APCI spectra showed that the abundance of fragment ions was significantly higher for the C-1, -6, or -12 beta-form alkaloid than for C-1, -6, or -12 alpha-form alkaloid. The main alkaloid constituents in the root of A. yesoense var. macroyesoense, Aconitum alkaloids of the C20-diterpenoid type, kobusine and pseudokobusine, and their acyl derivatives were examined for their peripheral vasoactivities by measuring laser-flowmetrically the cutaneous blood flow in the hind foot of mice after intravenous administration. It is thought that the hydroxyl groups of alkaloids, especially a free OH group of pseudokobusine at C-6, were important for action on the peripheral vasculature leading to dilatation, and the results indicated that esterification of the hydroxyl group at C-15 with either anisoate, veratroate, or p-nitroben-zoate may contribute to enhancement of the activity of the parent alkaloids.     

Norditerpenoid and dianthramide glucoside alkaloids from cultivated<Emphasis Type="Italic">aconitum</Emphasis> species from Korea

A new norditerpene alkaloid named 8-O-methylhypaconine (1) was isolated along with twelve known alkaloids from the underground parts of an unknown species of Aconitum plant culti vated in Korea. Among the known alkaloids, two dianthramide glucosides, N-(2'-beta-glucopyra nosyl-5'-hydroxysalicyl)-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid methyl ester (2) and N-(2'-beta-glucopyranosyl-5'-hydroxysalicyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methoxyanthranilic acid methyl ester (3), were isolated from Aconitum plants for the first time. The structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods.     

Investigation of the diterpene alkaloids of Aconitum species native to the Carpathian Basin

Aconitum species accumulate highly toxic diterpene alkaloids, which have attracted considerable interest because of their complex structure, interesting chemistry and noteworthy physiological effects. The authors carried out phytochemical analysis of two Aconitum species native to the Carpathian Basin, aiming the isolation of diterpene alkaloids. The multistep chromatographic purification of the extracts of A. vulparia whole plant and A. toxicum root resulted in the isolation of 16 alkaloids. Structure elucidation by means of spectroscopic investigations revealed the presence of 3 (acovulparine, vulparine, acotoxinine) new and 13 already known compounds (anthranoyllycoctonine, delectinine, delcosine, finetiadine, lycoctonine, N-methyl-N-deethyllycocotine, septentriodine, aconitine, aconosine, dolaconine, neoline, songorine, songo-ramine). Alkaloids isolated from A. vulparia are C19 diterpene alkaloids possessing aconitane skeleton, whilst from A. toxicum two C20 diterpene alkaloids with napelline and five diterpene alkaloids with aconitane skeleton were identified. The pharmacological testing of the majority of the isolated compounds has not been reported in the literature yet. Since some of the diterpene alkaloids are structurally very similar to compounds which were active in different in vitro or in vivo experiments, the pharmacological testing of the alkaloids reported in this article seems to be reasonable. The investigation of the compounds may help to reveal structure-activity relationships as well.     

Three new diterpene alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum nagarum var. lasiandrum

Three new diterpene alkaloids, 16,17-dihydro-12 beta,16 beta-epoxynapelline (1), N-deethyl- N-methyl-12-epi-napelline (2) and 11- epi-16 alpha,17-dihydroxylepenine (3), along with twenty-six known alkaloids (4 - 29) were isolated from the roots of Aconitum nagarum var. lasiandrum. The chemical structures of the new compounds were established by HR-MS as well as 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis. The absolute stereochemistry of 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.     

Two new diterpenoid alkaloids, beiwusines A and B, from Aconitum kusnezoffii

Two new atisine-type diterpenoid alkaloids, beiwusine A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from the roots of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data. Beiwusines A and B are the first examples of atisine-type diterpenoid alkaloids having a hydroxyl group at C-1. In addition, one known diterpenoid alkaloid spiramine H (3) has been isolated.     

Chemical Study of Alkaloids from Corydalis bungeana

From the herbs of CORYDALIS BUNGEANA, 16 alkaloids were isolated; 3 of them were identical with acetylcorynoline ( 2), corynoline ( 5), protopine ( 9), which had been obtained before from this plant. A further 11 known alkaloids: dihydrosanguinarine ( 1), acetylisocorynoline ( 3), 11-epicorynoline ( 4), corycavine ( 6), bicuculine ( 7), 12-hydroxycorynoline ( 8), scoulerine ( 12), cheilanthifoline ( 13), yuziphine ( 14), isoboldine ( 15), noryuziphine ( 16) were isolated for the first time from this plant. The tenth, named (+)-bungeanine, is a new alkaloid. Its structure has been established to be N-nor-5,14-dehydroacetylcorynoline. The conformation of (+)-bungeanine in solution is also discussed.     

蒙药紫花高乌头根中新二萜生物碱的分离和鉴定

目的:对蒙药紫花高乌头( Aconitum excelsum Reichb)根的化学成分进行分离鉴定。方法:用硅胶柱色谱进行分离,经IR,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR和DEPT 等光谱鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从紫花高乌头根中得到9 个化合物,经光谱鉴定化合物分别是delsoline(II) ,6-demethyldelsodine(III),denudatine(IV),6-methylumbrofine(V) ,8-methyl-10-hydroxyllycoctonine(VI) ,gigactonine(VII) ,8-methyllycoctonine(VIII) ,lycoctonine(IX) 和puberaconitine(X) 。结论:化合物III,V,VI和VIII是新二萜生物碱,其余是已知二萜生物碱,这些化合物在本植物中为首次得到。     

露蕊乌头的二萜生物碱

从露蕊乌头(Aconitum gymnandrum Maxim)中分离到11个二萜生物碱,利用光谱方法确定结构,证明其中一个为新生物碱,命名为露乌定,其余10个分别鉴定为14-乙酰基-8-O-甲基-塔拉胺(tal-atisamine,Ⅱ)、acoforine(Ⅲ)、非洲防己碱(columbidine,Ⅳ)、乌头碱(aconitine,Ⅴ)、ranaeonitine(Ⅵ)、塔拉定(talatizidine,Ⅶ)、异塔拉定(isotalatizidine.Ⅷ)、露乌碱(gymanaconitine,Ⅸ)、塔拉胺(talatisamine,Ⅹ)和阿替辛盐酸盐(atisine.HCl)。其中碱Ⅱ为首次在自然界中发现,碱Ⅲ～Ⅶ为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

蒙药草乌花中的三酯型二萜生物碱的分离和鉴定

草乌花为乌头属植物北草乌（ＡｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｋｕｓｎｅｚｏｆｆｉｉＲｅｉｃｈｂ）的干燥花序,是常用的蒙药,不需炮制,有杀“粘”、清热、解毒之功效［１］,其活性成分的化学研究未见报道。为探讨蒙医用药的原理,综合利用药用植物资源,寻找高效低毒的有效成分,作者对蒙药草乌花中的活性成分进行了化学研究。本文报道,自苯提取物中分离到７个二萜生物碱,经光谱分析和与已知物相比较,分别鉴定为ｈｙｐａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ（Ｉ）,３ａｃｅｔｙｌａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ（ＩＩ）,３ａｃｅｔｙｌｍｅｓａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ（ＩＩＩ…     

川乌不同煎煮时间总生物碱与酯型生物碱含量变化趋势对比

目的:以川乌为研究对象,比较其在不同煎煮时间的煎剂中总生物碱、酯型生物碱类成分的变化趋势。方法:采用滴定法及高效液相色谱法,对川乌在不同煎煮时间煎剂中的总生物碱及酯型生物碱进行测定。并以此为指标,考察其在不同煎煮时间的煎剂中有效成分及主要毒性成分变化趋势。结果:在煎煮0～4h的川乌煎剂中,随煎煮时间延长,其有效成分总生物碱含量呈现上升趋势,而主要毒性成分则呈现下降趋势。结论:为了使毒性药物川乌的使用符合"低毒高效",完善药典相关内容,应进一步明确双酯型生物碱与单酯型苯甲酰类乌头碱在川乌及其制剂中的含量及二者的比例。     

Diterpenoid alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum brachypodum Diels

A new diterpenoid alkaloid, named bullatine H (1), along with 10 known diterpenoid alkaloids were isolated from the roots of Aconitum brachypodum Diels (Ranunculaceae). The structure of 1 was elucidated by analysis of its spectroscopic data. It should be noted that compound 1 is the first example with 11, 13-dioxygenated denudatine-type diterpenoid alkaloid isolated from Aconitum brachypodum.     

Distribution of Aconitum alkaloids in body fluids and tissues in a suicidal case of aconite ingestion

A case involving a suicidal ingestion of Aconitum tubers is presented. A 40-year-old woman in Hokkaido, Japan ingested ground aconite and died of aconite intoxication about 4 h after ingestion. The Aconitum alkaloids were quantitated using gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring from extracts of the body fluids and organs. The blood and urine concentrations of jesaconitine, the main alkaloid of the aconite in this case, were 69.1 ng/mL and 237.8 ng/mL, respectively. Higher values of the alkaloid were demonstrated in the kidneys, the liver, and in the bile rather than other organs or serum, suggesting the alkaloids were eliminated by the liver and kidneys. In the gastrointestinal tract, the highest value of jesaconitine (471.3 ng/g) was in the ileal contents. These findings show that Aconitum alkaloids were found in the liver and kidneys in much higher concentrations than in serum and suggest that they were eliminated not only via urine but also in feces. Feces may be useful to detect Aconitum alkaloid if other biological samples are not available.     

Two norditerpenoid ester alkaloids from Aconitum bulleyanum

Two new norditerpenoid alkaloids, 8-acetyl-14-p-methoxybenzoate of talatisamine (1) and 14-p-methoxybenzoate of talatisamine (2), were isolated from Aconitum bulleyanum Diels. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical studies.     

黄花乌头中Hetisine型生物碱的高速逆流色谱分离与结构鉴定

目的研究黄花乌头块根的化学成分，寻找更多天然活性物质。方法采用高速逆流色谱法分离纯化黄花乌头块根中的生物碱类化学成分，根据理化性质、波谱学分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果高速逆流色谱的两相溶剂分离系统采用氯仿-甲醇-0.2 mol·L^-1 HCl(体积比为10∶3∶3)，从黄花乌头块根中一次性分离得到8个化合物，分别鉴定为2α-propionyl-11α,13β-diacetyl-14-hydroxyhetisine (I)、关附巳素(II)、关附庚素(III)、关附己素(IV)、关附Z素(V)、关附辰素(VI)、关附甲素(VII)、关附壬素(VIII)。结论化合物I为新化合物，命名为关附未素(Guanfu base R)。     

Studies on the alkaloids of Erythrina plants]

The alkaloidal components of eight Erythrina plants (Leguminosae), E. arborescence Roxb., E. orientalis (L.) Murr, E. crysta-galli Linn, E. crysta-galli (L.) cv. Maruba Deiko H. Murata, E. x bidwilli Lindl, E. poeppigiana (Walp) O. F. Cook, E. glauca Willd, and E. variegata L. were examined. As a result of this study, five new oxo-erythrinan alkaloids, erythrinine (8), 11-hydroxyerysotrine (9), erysotramidine (10), erytharbine (11), crystamidine (12) and a di-benz[d,f]azonine type alkaloid, erybidine (2), were isolated respectively. Two tetrahydroprotoberberine type alkaloids, scoulerine (4) and coreximine (5), were also isolated from E. orientalis (L.) Murr. A new synthetic route to erythrinan alkaloids was developed, via the cis -C/D-ring fused 15-methoxy-16-hydroxyerythrinan-2, 8-dione (49) as a key intermediate, from the enol methyl derivative (48) which was obtained by Birch reduction of the benzyl amide (47). The total synthesis of (+/-)-erysotramidine (10), an oxo-erythrinan alkaloid, including a novel ring cleavage of the aza-tricyclo[3.2.0.0] compound (70) with phenylselenyl chloride is described.