木村病1例

患者男,51岁,因"左侧颈部反复出现肿块10个月"入院.查体:左下颌下隆起,皮肤色素沉着,可触及大小约5 cm×4 cm的肿块;左侧耳下区触及大小约1.5 cm×1.5 cm肿块;质地均软,界限清楚,活动度尚可,无压痛.口内见腮腺及颌下腺导管,无红肿,挤压腺体有清液渗出.实验室检查:嗜酸粒细胞7.81%.     

女童乳房巨大纤维腺瘤超声表现1例

患者女,13岁.右乳房无痛性肿块5个月,近20 d明显增大就诊.双侧乳房不对称增大,以右侧为著,均无破溃、湿疹样改变,无橘皮征,右乳房内可触及2个肿块,较大者位于内下象限约9 cm×6cm,位置浅表,几乎占据整个乳房,质硬,表面光滑,边界清楚,有压痛,局部皮温升高;左乳内触及约3.0 cm×4.0 cm肿块,表面光滑,边界清楚,活动度好.双侧腋下未触及肿大淋巴结.B超检查:双乳腺体体积增大,腺体回声欠均匀.     

阴囊脂肪母细胞瘤超声表现一例

患儿,男,2岁,发现左侧阴囊逐渐肿大3个月余入院检查。查体:左侧阴囊增大,左侧睾丸内下方触及一大小约4.0cm×3.0cm×2.0cm肿块,质软,表面光滑,无触痛,有波动感,活动度好,增加腹压时肿块大小无明显变化,透光试验(+),右侧阴囊内容物未触及明显异常,双侧精索无增粗。超声检查:左侧阴囊内见一大小约3.7cm×2.1cm×2.7cm类似椭圆形稍强回声实性肿块(图1),紧邻左侧睾丸下     

积乳囊肿超声误诊1例

患者,女,34岁,3年前于产后发现右侧乳房无痛性包块并进行性增大,5天前自觉包块疼痛明显.查体:右侧乳房表面血管增粗,可扪及一大小约10 cm×8 cm×6 cm的包块,质中,有波动感, 界限清楚,与周围无粘连;左侧乳房外上侧可扪及一大小约3 cm×2 cm的包块,质韧,与周围组织无粘连;局部皮肤无破溃.     

乳腺癌甲状腺转移1例报道

患者女,66岁,7年前曾因左侧乳腺癌接受改良根治术。入院查体于左侧颈前部触及约2cm×3cm肿物,质中,表面光滑,边界欠清,无压痛,随吞咽动作而上下移动。颈部淋巴结无肿大。B超:甲状腺左叶内见约1.8cm×1.6cm×2.7cm低回     

彩超诊断女婴左侧腹股沟疝卵巢嵌顿1例

患儿女, 124 d.发现左侧腹股沟区包块不能回纳1d.查体:左侧腹股沟区触及一肿物,质软,触痛不明显,无法还纳.超声表现:左侧腹股沟区见大小2. 5 cm × 1. 1 cm不均质低回声,与腹腔相通,相通处内径约0. 57 cm ,内可见几个椭圆形无回声,最大0. 7 cm × 0. 6 cm , CDFI低回声内见...     

超声多技术联合诊断睾丸精原细胞瘤1例

1 资 料 患者,男性,28岁,因"左侧睾丸肿胀不适约1年,疼痛持续加重约1周"来院就诊.查体:阴囊外观正常,皮肤温度正常,无明显红肿,左侧睾丸肿胀明显,中上极触及长约3 cm的硬性肿块,触痛明显.常规二维超声检查:正常右侧睾丸径线约4.9 cm×3.6 cm×2.3 cm;病变左侧睾丸径线约5.8 cm×4.5 cm...     

睾丸非霍奇金淋巴瘤超声表现1例

患者男,50岁.发现阴囊内肿物来院就诊.体检:左侧阴囊内可触及一质硬肿物,约蛋黄大小,局部皮肤无红肿,皮温无异常,无触痛压痛,无发热及盗汗.超声表现(图1):右侧睾丸大小3.8 mm×1.8 mm,左侧睾丸大小4.1 cm×1.8 cm,左侧睾丸上极少见大小2.3 cm×1.4 cm椭圆形低回声团块,质硬,低回声团块内部呈中等亮度的细小点状回声,均匀分布,颇像正常睾丸回声,境界欠清晰,无包膜回声带,其周边另见几个类似低回声团块,CDFI:低回声团块内见丰富血流信号,呈动脉频谱,RI0.49.超声提示:左侧睾丸内实性占位,血流丰富.     

左乳腺巨大纤维腺瘤超声表现1例

患者女,26岁.发现左侧乳腺肿物1年余,快速增大3个月入院.查体:左侧乳腺内可见大小约11 cm×8 cm的肿物,质地不均匀,表面不光滑,凹凸不平,与表皮无粘连,界限清,活动度差,无桔皮样变及酒窝征.左侧腋窝可触及大小约1 cm×1 cm的淋巴结.超声所见:左侧乳腺内探及大小约11.0 cm×4.4 cm的中等回声,略呈分叶状,内部回声不均匀,边界清,其内可见大小约3.7 cm×0.5 cm的液性暗区(图1).CDFI:左侧乳腺内见较丰富的血流信号.     

左侧腮腺内Warthin瘤超声表现1例

正患者男,66岁,1年前发现左侧耳前一蚕豆大小肿物,无疼痛、麻木等不适,未予任何治疗,现自觉肿块缓慢增大,约鸽蛋大小,遂来我院就诊。体格检查:左侧耳前可触及一大小约3.0 cm×2.0 cm×2.0 cm肿块,边界清,活动度尚可,门诊拟以"左腮腺肿块"收住入院。超声检查:双侧腮腺内均见多个低回声,中央呈高回声,右侧最大者约1.3 cm×0.6 cm,左侧最大者约1.5 cm×0.9 cm。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.