肩胛皮瓣再造阴茎

目的：探索一种新的阴茎再造手术方式。方法：应用肩胛皮瓣游离移植和银丝棒硅胶阴茎假体置入行阴茎再造。结果：自2000年3月起，已在临床应用6例，术后皮瓣全部成活。经随访6－12个月，阴茎形态和功能良好，结论：此手术方法设计合理，术后形态功能良好，供区无明显继发畸形，是一种较好的阴茎再造方法。     

A free scapular skin flap for penile reconstruction.

INTRODUCTION: There are many possible methods for penis reconstruction, among them, pedicled flaps, myocutaneous flaps, combined osseocutaneous flaps, and free skin flaps. This study evaluated the free scapular skin flap method for penile reconstruction. METHODS: Fifteen men aged 20 to 48 underwent the procedure between March 2000 and February 2006, with follow-up examinations from 6 months to 5 years. RESULTS: Fourteen of the reconstructions were successful, with patients enjoying good cosmetic results as well as functionality. CONCLUSION: The free scapular skin flap technique is a good method for penile reconstruction.     

The free medial scapular osteofasciocutaneous flap for head and neck reconstruction

A modification of the scapular free flap has been developed using the medial ridge of the scapula. This variation preserves the advantages of the previously described lateral scapular flap, providing abundant hairless skin and soft tissue, adequate bone for mandibular reconstruction, and a primarily closed asymptomatic and inconspicuous donor site. It adds the advantage of a longer vascular pedicle and enhanced versatility because it is independent of the parascapular artery. Furthermore, it eliminates the disadvantage of rotator cuff muscle weakness associated with the lateral scapular flap. Multiple skin paddles subtended by the common circumflex cutaneous scapular artery and the interconnecting dorsal thoracic fascia were used in 4 of the 9 patients in our series. The ability of this somewhat thinner bone to incorporate biointegrable implants is unproven.     

One stage reconstruction of penis with free forearm flap

One stage reconstruction of the penis using free tissue transfer was performed on a 43-year-old man who had total penectomy for carcinoma of the penis. A free forearm tissue flap was used to reconstruct urethra and for external skin coverage and Jonas silver penile prosthesis was used as a stent. Nutrient vessels (one artery and two veins) were anastomosed with a lateral circumflex femoral artery and two branches of the saphenous veins respectively and the nerve of flap was anastomosed with the pudendal nerve. We believe that this method is functionally and cosmetrically acceptable for reconstructing the penis, although unfortunately extrusion of the prosthesis ensued 63 days after the operation in our case.     

The extended free scapular flap

The free scapular flap, supplied by a single circumflex scapular vascular pedicle, can be safely extended beyond the midline of the back. The upper back can be a donor for very large and long flaps, ideal for resurfacing large defects.     

游离肩胛脂肪筋膜瓣修复单侧颜面萎缩临床研究

目的：探讨游离肩胛脂肪筋膜瓣修复单侧颜面萎缩的远期疗效。方法：设计以旋肩胛动脉与伴行静脉血管为血管蒂的游离肩胛脂肪筋膜瓣填充移植于颜面萎缩部修复颜面外形，血管蒂与受区颞浅动静脉吻合。结果：临床应用12例均获成功，随访1～7年，脂肪筋膜瓣萎缩量约5％～10％，最大萎缩量为20％，外形基本满意。结论：带血管蒂游离脂肪瓣筋膜移植可获得较长期稳定的手术效果。术前设计仍应适当考虑脂肪筋膜瓣远期萎缩因素。     

Clinical application of the free scapular fascial flap

Seven free scapular fascial flaps with a skin graft on top were used to cover soft tissue defects of the hand and foot in 6 patients during the past two years. The size of the flap ranged from 7 x 8 cm to 8 x 12 cm. All flaps survived well, but one had partial loss as a result of infection. The advantages, disadvantages, indications, and important technical points of the surgery are discussed.     

分叶肩胛皮瓣的临床应用

目的 介绍分叶肩胛皮瓣的设计及其在软组织缺损修复中的应用.方法 2002年3月至2006年6月,对9例手部软组织缺损患者,根据缺损创面的大小和相邻创面的距离,结合旋肩胛动脉的分支特点设计一蒂双叶或三叶肩胛皮瓣,进行游离移植修复创面.男6例,女3例;年龄26～48岁,平均31岁.皮瓣分叶形式有:降支皮瓣+升支皮瓣4例,降支皮瓣+横支皮瓣3例,降支皮瓣+横支皮瓣+升支皮瓣2例.皮瓣切除的范围:升支皮瓣3.5 cm×3 cm～6 cm×4 cm大小,横支皮瓣4 cm×3 cm～12 cm×6 cm大小,降支皮瓣7 cm×6 cm～13 cm×6 cm大小.血管蒂吻合方式:旋肩胛动、静脉与桡动脉、头静脉端端缝合7例,与尺动脉、贵要静脉端端缝合2例.供区处理:创缘皮肤直接拉拢缝合6例,中心部分缺损切取创面两端皱角皮肤植皮3例.结果 9例皮瓣全部成活,肩胛供区一期愈合.1例术后第1天出现动脉危象,探查解除血管蒂在隧道内卡压后血运恢复.术后随访6～24个月,平均16.5个月,其中2例患者二期行分指、皮瓣修薄术.所有皮瓣色泽、质地良好.结论 以旋肩胛动脉的三个皮肤分支为解剖基础的分叶肩胛皮瓣的临床设计属一蒂多轴分叶皮瓣类型,各瓣血供充分,能较好地修复手部相邻多处软组织缺损.     

横过中线的肩胛游离皮瓣移植

目的鉴于肩胛背部受旋肩胛动脉浅皮支、胸背动脉肌皮穿支、颈横动脉浅皮支及肋间后动脉皮支重叠供血,互相存在广泛的吻合网,探讨是否可以安全的形成扩大的肩胛皮瓣。方法本组应用横过脊柱中线的肩胛游离皮瓣移植,治疗下颌颈部严重瘢痕挛缩８例。结果除２例远端表皮坏死外,其余全部成活。本组病例皮瓣切取的最大切取面积为３１ｃｍ×３４ｃｍ,越过中线最长１５ｃｍ而达对侧肩胛区,扩大了肩胛皮瓣的切取面积,增加了临床应用范围。结论横过中线的肩胛皮瓣设计应以旋肩胛动脉水平支为轴线,与其成角设计可能出现远端血运障碍。皮瓣成活的机理可能与两侧肩胛区水平支间的吻合支有关。     

横过中线的肩胛游离皮瓣移植

目的鉴于肩胛背部受旋肩胛动脉浅皮支、胸背动脉肌皮穿支、颈横动脉浅皮支及肋间后动脉皮支重叠供血,互相存在广泛的吻合网,探讨是否可以安全的形成扩大的肩胛皮瓣。方法本组应用横过脊柱中线的肩胛游离皮瓣移植,治疗下颌颈部严重瘢痕挛缩8例。结果除2例远端表皮坏死外,其余全部成活。本组病例皮瓣切取的最大切取面积为31cm×34cm,越过中线最长15cm 而达对侧肩胛区,扩大了肩胛皮瓣的切取面积,增加了临床应用范围。结论横过中线的肩胛皮瓣设计应以旋肩胛动脉水平支为轴线,与其成角设计可能出现远端血运障碍。皮瓣成活的机理可能与两侧肩胛区水平支间的吻合支有关。     

Human tracheal reconstruction with a composite radial forearm free flap and prosthesis

Reconstruction of large tracheal defects has been largely unsuccessful. We report a novel single-stage tracheal reconstruction for a 6.5-cm long defect involving the anterior two thirds of the tracheal circumference in a patient with deeply infiltrative thyroid cancer into the tracheal lumen. The reconstruction was completed using a conduit composed of a radial forearm free flap for lining with a combined PolyMax mesh (Synthes, Paoli, PA) and Hemashield vascular graft (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA) for rigid support. At a 6-month follow-up the patient has normal swallowing and preoperative voice quality, and she maintains a patent, non-stented airway.     

Successful preexpansion of a free scapular flap

The use of pretransfer tissue expansion of a free scapular flap is described. This technique allows coverage of large defects with good quality skin and tensionless closure of the donor site.     

横过中线的肩胛游离皮瓣移植

目的 鉴于肩胛背部受旋肩胛动脉浅皮支、胸背动脉肌皮穿支、颈横动脉浅皮支及肋间后动脉皮支重叠供血，互相存在广泛的吻合网，探讨是否可以安全的形成扩大的肩胛皮瓣。方法本组应用横过脊柱中线的肩胛游离皮瓣移植，治疗下颌颈部严重瘢痕挛缩８例。结果 除２例远１５cm而达对侧肩胛区，扩大了肩胛皮瓣的切取面积，增加了临床应用范围。结论 横过中线的肩胛皮瓣设计应以旋肩胛动脉水平支为轴线，与其成角设计可能出现远端血障碍。     

Clinical application of a free scapular fascial flap

The free scapular fascial flap based on the circumflex scapular vessels with skin graft on top has been used to cover the soft-tissue defects in 6 cases--5 hands and 1 foot, over the past one year. The size of the fascial flap ranged from 10 x 6 to 13 x 7 cm. Five flaps were survival completely and one with loss of a small portion due to infection. Compared with the cutaneous flap, myocutaneous flap or muscular flap, the fascial flap is thinner, showing no bulkiness on the recipient site, and also no impairment was noted in the donor site. The shortcoming is darker colour of the skin graft overlying it. The authors consider that the free fascial flap is mainly indicated for the soft-tissue defects of the extremities and those sites where no augmentation is required.