Radioiodine therapy for women with Graves' disease and the risk of foetal hypothyroidism if they are later found to be pregnant

Three fertile female patients aged 33, 29 and 38 years, respectively, were treated with radioiodine 1-131 for Graves' disease. In retrospect, the first woman was 14 weeks pregnant at the time of treatment, and the other 2 women were treated around the time of conception. All 3 women decided to continue their pregnancies after being counselled about the potential adverse health risks of radioiodine therapy for the infant. The first woman was delivered at term of an infant diagnosed with hypothyroidism that was ascribed to radioiodine. The other 2 women delivered euthyroid infants. According to international standards, radioiodine should not be given during pregnancy because of its toxic effects. An interval of at least 4 months is advised between maternal radioiodine therapy and conception. This should be discussed with the patient. Prior to the initiation of radioiodine therapy, menstrual and contraceptive history should be ascertained in fertile female patients. Pregnancy testing should be performed where indicated, and the result should be verified before radioiodine therapy is initiated.     

Pregnancy in the Sickle Cell Disease and Fetomaternal Outcomes in Different Sickle cell Genotypes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BackgroundPregnancy is a major concern among women with the sickle cell disease (SCD), and it is associated with increased adverse outcomes. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to report the fetomaternal outcomes in different sickle cell genotypes.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, a comprehensive search of databases and search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Google Scholar were performed. Any observational studies that had compared at least one outcome such as maternal outcomes, fetal outcomes, and morbidity between two groups of pregnant women with different types of sickle cell genotypes and pregnant women without SCD were evaluated.ResultsA total number of 9,827 pregnant women with SCD were examined. The results showed that pregnancy in SCD increased the risk of adverse outcomes for the mothers (including postpartum hemorrhage, prematurity, pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, cesarean section, lower segment cesareansection, maternal death), fetus (including live births, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, APGAR score at 5 min <7, stillbirth, neonatal death, perinatal mortality, acute fetal distress, intrauterine fetal death) and morbidity among the SCD(severe anemia, urinary tract infection, blood transfusion, painful crisis, acute chest syndrome, vaso-occlusive crises).ConclusionAccording to the results of this meta-analysis, pregnancy in the SCD is associated with an increased risk of maternal outcomes, fetal outcomes, and morbidity among SCD patients with different genotypes. Pregnancy in sickle cell hemoglobinopathies needs careful multidisciplinary management and cautious caring so as to decrease maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.     

Twin pregnancy after renal transplantation: first case reported in Tunisia

Women with end-stage renal disease or on regular dialysis have low fertility. Renal transplantation restores not only normal renal and endocrine functions but also the reproductive function as well and this conception becomes possible. Pregnancy in transplanted women is at higher risk and necessitates a multidisciplinary follow up. We report the course and out come of two successful pregnancies, the second was the first case of twin pregnancy in Tunisia in a transplanted woman. Our patient is 35 years old had a chronic renal insufficiency, secondary to interstitial nephropathy. After six years of hemodialysis, she had received a renal graft from a living donor (his brother). A double drug immunosuppression was given (Prednisolone - Azathioprine). Two years later, she became pregnant and delivered a normal baby at term, and one year later she had a twin pregnancy that ended successfully and delivered by caesarian section a two babies with different sex. Pregnancy after renal transplantion must be considered as a risk factor for any subsquent pregnancy, and the risk nicreases in case of twin pregnancy.     

深圳市2008年高龄产妇妊娠结局分析

目的:探讨深圳市高龄产妇与不良妊娠结局的关系,为妇幼卫生政策提供依据。方法:对深圳市妇幼信息系统2008年深圳市161362例产妇资料进行分析,采用单因素分析比较不同年龄段产妇基本状况及妊娠结局,采用多因素Logistic分析产妇高龄与早产及低出生体重的关系,分析软件使用SPSS15.0。结果:深圳高龄产妇的比例逐年上升;单因素分析表明,随产妇年龄的增加,初产妇比例下降,孕前超重、肥胖比例增加,剖宫产比例增加;40岁以上产妇分娩婴儿的平均出生体重显著低于30～34岁以及35～39岁产妇,平均孕周显著低于其他年龄组,早产儿、低出生体重儿、小于胎龄儿比例、围产儿死亡率在产妇各年龄段分布呈中间低两头高态势,极早早产儿、极低低出生体重儿比例均以40岁以上产妇比例最高,出生缺陷率随产妇年龄增加而增加。多因素分析显示,控制产妇户籍类型、产次、体质指数、小孩性别后,与20～29岁组相比,35～39岁组和≥40岁组产妇低出生体重儿和早产儿的危险性增加。结论:深圳市大样本研究表明产妇高龄与不良的妊娠结局有关。     

Pyelonephritis during pregnancy: a threat to mother and child

Two pregnant women, aged 19 and 40 respectively, were diagnosed with pyelonephritis. The first patient was initially treated with amoxicillin; appropriate antibiotic treatment--consisting of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid--was delayed for 24 hours. The second patient immediately received appropriate treatment (ceftriaxone). The first patient eventually had a nephrostomy and died due to urosepsis with multiple organ failure. The second patient delivered a healthy son and recovered. Approximately 20% of the cases of pyelonephritis during pregnancy progress to urosepsis. Therefore, pregnant women with pyelonephritis should be treated immediately with an intravenous second- or third-generation cephalosporin or the combination ofamoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Treatment of pregnant patients with urosepsis should take place in an intensive care unit and include treatment of the underlying infection as well as support of vital functions. Nephrostomy in a pregnant patient with symptomatic hydronephrosis should only be performed when the symptoms persist despite adequate antibiotic treatment.     

958例高龄初产妇妊娠结局分析

目的:了解高龄初产妇的妊娠结局。方法:对958例35岁以上高龄初产妇的相关资料进行回顾性分析,并与同期分娩的非高龄初产妇1050例进行对照研究。结果:高龄初产妇前置胎盘、妊娠高血压疾病、慢性高血压合并妊娠、妊娠期糖尿病、IGT、贫血、子宫肌瘤合并妊娠、剖宫产率显著高于非高龄组,产钳术占阴道分娩的比例显著高于非高龄组,顺产率显著低于非高龄组,而胎儿窘迫的发生率非高龄组显著高于高龄组。高龄组分娩孕周显著小于非高龄组,两组的早产率、新生儿窒息、转儿科率均无显著性差异;高龄组的新生儿畸形率比非高龄组有增高趋势,但无统计学差异;高龄组围产儿死亡和晚期流产率显著高于非高龄组,新生儿体重显著低于非高龄组。结论:高龄孕妇的妊娠合并症和并发症明显增多,晚期流产率高,剖宫产率高,阴道分娩者中助产率高,围产儿结局稍差,应加强围产保健以减少合并症和并发症的发生率。     

孕早期焦虑和抑郁对妊娠期糖尿病的影响

目的探讨孕早期焦虑和抑郁对妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)的影响。方法采用前瞻性研究,于2017年通过立意抽样方法选取四川省妇幼保健院产前门诊1426名孕8~14周单胎健康孕妇为研究对象,年龄为(28.6±4.0)岁。通过问卷调查收集其年龄、孕前体重、产次、孕次等基本信息,分别采用焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)与抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)收集孕早期焦虑和抑郁信息,根据中国常模标准评价其焦虑和抑郁症状;于孕24~28周行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT),根据《中国妊娠合并糖尿病诊治指南(2014)》诊断GDM。多因素非条件Logistic回归模型分析孕早期焦虑和抑郁对GDM的影响。结果孕早期焦虑组和抑郁组GDM发生率分别为41.8%和33.6%。孕早期妇女焦虑、抑郁、焦虑合并抑郁发生率分别为7.7%、10.5%和4.8%,<30岁组孕早期焦虑和抑郁发生率(9.0%和11.7%)均高于≥30岁组孕妇(5.3%和8.1%),初产妇组孕早期焦虑和抑郁发生率(8.8%和11.9%)均高于经产妇组(5.4%和6.4%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调整年龄、孕前体质指数、糖尿病家族史、孕次、产次、能量摄入量、受孕方式、文化程度、职业、吸烟否及饮酒否混杂因素后,多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示:与孕早期非焦虑组孕妇比较,焦虑组孕妇GDM发生风险增加(OR=1.556,95%CI 1.014~2.387),未观察到孕早期抑郁与GDM发生有关(P>0.05)。在<30岁孕妇中,与孕早期非焦虑组比较,孕早期焦虑组GDM发生风险增加(OR=1.654,95%CI 1.004~2.726);在初产妇中,与孕早期非焦虑组比较,焦虑组GDM发生风险增加(OR=1.633,95%CI 1.013~2.634)。在≥30岁孕妇和经产妇中,均未观察到焦虑与GDM发生风险有关(P>0.05)。结论孕妇孕早期焦虑增加GDM发生风险,30岁以下孕妇及初产妇为焦虑高危人群。     

Intracranial arteriovenous malformations in pregnant women]

Three women, aged 27, 32 and 30 years, respectively, suffered from headache, nausea and neurological abnormalities and were found to have an intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM). One of them after diagnosis had two pregnancies, both ended by caesarean section with good results. Another woman was 32 weeks pregnant when the AVM manifested itself with a haemorrhage; she recovered well and was delivered by caesarean section. After the AVM proved radiologically to have been obliterated, she delivered after her subsequent pregnancy by the vaginal route with vacuum extraction. The third woman was 15 weeks pregnant when major abnormalities developed. There was a large intracerebral haematoma with break-through to the ventricular system; this patient died. Intracranial haemorrhage during pregnancy is rate. It can result in maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. It appears that pregnancy does not increase the rate of first cerebral haemorrhage from an AVM. The management of AVM rupture during pregnancy should be based primarily on neurosurgical rather than on obstetric considerations. Close collaboration with a team of neurologists, neurosurgeons, obstetricians and anaesthesiologists is mandatory.     

Contraception and sickle cell disease

Although women with sickle cell disease have been found to have a delay in puberty of 2.3 years, there is no evidence that they are less fertile than women without hemoglobinopathy. Women with sickle cell disease therefore need adequate family planning advice to prevent unwanted pregnancy. The need for good and comprehensive advice is particularly important given the association among these women between pregnancy and increased maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity rates. Moreover, unwanted pregnancy rates among women with sickle cell disease have been reported as being in the range of 38-64%, and one study found that only 33% of a group of women with sickle cell disease used any form of contraception compared to 66% in a control group. Sickle cell disease is listed in the manufacturers' data sheets in the UK as a contraindication to the use of the majority of combined oral contraceptive pills, but there is little good evidence to support this restriction. In fact, women with the sickle cell trait have no particular added risks and can be offered the usual range of contraceptive methods. Evidence that the use of injectable progestagens may reduce the risk of crises, however, suggests that they should be recommended as a first option of contraception for these women. Good evidence exists that the injectables are safe and effective for women with sickle cell disease despite the adverse publicity which they have received. The IUD appears to be safe as are the common barrier methods, while the combined oral contraceptive pill is a convenient, effective, and reliable form of contraception which should continue to be prescribed for these women, albeit with caution.     

新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染产妇母婴垂直传播风险研究

目的 探讨妊娠晚期合并新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染患者的临床表现、母婴垂直传播风险及感染预防与控制。方法 回顾性分析3例于某三甲医院分娩的新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染产妇及其新生儿的临床特征、母婴结局及感染预防与控制措施。结果 3例新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染产妇平均年龄29岁,平均孕周38⁺⁴周。初始临床症状为咳嗽、咳痰1例,其余2例患者无新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床表现。所有患者行剖宫产终止妊娠,对产妇乳汁、阴道分泌物、脐血、羊水行新型冠状病毒核酸检测,结果均为阴性。新生儿出生后立即母婴分离,其中2例转入新生儿重症监护病房隔离病室单间治疗,住院期间每日进行新型冠状病毒核酸检测,结果均为阴性;另1例间隔24 h连续2次核酸结果阴性,转至隔离点隔离观察。产妇和新生儿均预后良好。结论 本研究尚未发现新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染孕晚期产妇母婴垂直传播的证据。对于孕周足月或呼吸道症状加重产妇,建议及时终止妊娠,新生儿出生后立即母婴分离并严格隔离,以确保新生儿的安全。     

自然分娩产妇产后42 d盆底功能状况及影响因素分析

目的 探讨自然分娩产妇产后42 d盆底功能状况及影响因素。方法 选取2018年1月至2020年12月在南京市某医院产科自然分娩且产后42 d进行产后专病门诊体检的产妇,调查母婴基本情况并采用Logistic回归分析其产后42 d盆底功能的影响因素。结果 共对1 984名产妇进行研究,年龄20~41岁,平均年龄（28.53±6.44）岁,分娩孕周为37~42周,平均孕周为（38.49±1.43）周。1 984名产妇中有1 549例（78.07%）发生盆底功能异常,且Ⅰ、Ⅱ类肌肌力,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类肌疲劳度,阴道壁静态压力值异常率均超过60%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥35岁（OR=1.527）、孕次2次及以上（OR=2.155）、产次2次及以上（OR=2.467）、新生儿出生体重≥4.0 kg（OR=3.086）、孕期增重高于推荐标准（OR=2.130）、分娩孕周>40周（OR=1.654）是自然分娩产妇产后42 d盆底功能异常的危险因素。结论 自然分娩产妇产后42 d盆底功能异常率较高,年龄、孕次、产次、新生儿出生体重、孕期增重、分娩孕周等因素均可影响自然分娩产妇盆底功能情况,产科医生应指导孕妇做好孕期管理,减少产后早期盆底功能异常情况的发生,促进产妇产后康复。     

妊娠合并重度肺动脉高压患者施行不同麻醉方式剖宫产的效果观察

目的 分析妊娠合并重度肺动脉高压(PAH)患者施行不同麻醉方式剖宫产的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析于2014年8月至2016年2月济南军区总医院急诊收入行剖宫产术的40例妊娠合并重度PAH患者,根据患者术前的不同麻醉方式将所有患者分为两组,椎管内麻醉组23例(其中施行腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉的患者为联合组13例,施行连续硬膜外麻醉的患者为硬膜外组10例)、全身麻醉组17例.对比分析两组患者年龄、体重、孕产史、孕周、孕期合并症、心脏病史、心功能等一般资料及妊娠结局和术后住院情况.结果 两组患者年龄、体重、孕产史、孕周、孕期合并症(心律失常、低氧血症、低蛋白血症、肺部感染)、心脏病史、心功能等一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(t/x2值为0.006 ～ 0.774,均P＞0.05).全身麻醉组的ICU入住时间、术后机械通气时间和术后总住院时间明显高于椎管内麻醉组(t值分别为-3.474、-3.752、-3.636,均P＜0.05).联合麻醉组患者死于术后肺动脉高压危象1例(7.69％),硬膜外组患者无死亡病例.联合麻醉组患者有12例妊娠满28周,3例发生新生儿窒息(23.08％),新生儿死亡1例(7.69％),死因为急性呼吸窘迫综合征;硬膜外组患者中有9例妊娠满28周,2例发生新生儿窒息(20.00％),新生儿死亡1例(10.00％),死因为急性呼吸窘迫综合征.全身麻醉组患者15例妊娠满28周,4例发生新生儿窒息(23.53％),新生儿死亡1例(5.88％),死因为急性呼吸窘迫综合征.两组患者的产妇死亡率、新生儿窒息率、新生儿死亡率比较差异无统计学意义(x2值分别为0.758、0.018、0.112,均P＞0.05).结论 妊娠合并重度PAH患者施行椎管内麻醉的ICU入住时间、术后机械通气时间和术后总住院时间明显短于施行全身麻醉的患者,患者无椎管内麻醉禁忌症的情况下,应优先选择椎管内麻醉.     

妊娠梅毒孕期全程随访及其影响因素分析

目的分析深圳市南山区妊娠合并梅毒患者全程随访情况及其影响因素。方法选取2003年1月1日至2017年12月31日于深圳市南山区各助产机构确诊的986例妊娠梅毒患者为研究对象,通过标准化孕产妇梅毒病历记录患者一般人口学信息、治疗信息、实验室检测结果、妊娠结局等内容,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归模型分析妊娠梅毒患者全程随访影响因素。结果986例妊娠梅毒患者中,完成全程随访者692例,全程随访率70.18%。Logistic回归结果显示年龄在25岁以上、就诊时21~36孕周、就诊时≥37孕周、配偶有性病史、疾病分期为一期/二期梅毒是促进全程随访的独立因素,家务和待业以外的职业是完成全程随访的阻碍因素,OR值及95%CI分别为3.32(2.44~4.50)、2.10(1.35~3.27)、1.72(1.03~2.89)、4.05(1.98~8.30)、3.03(1.47~6.25)和0.56(0.42~0.75),均P<0.05。结论妊娠梅毒患者全程随访率受到年龄、职业、就诊时孕周、配偶性病史、疾病分期等因素影响,建议针对不同患者特征以及健康需求,建立一站式公共卫生服务模式,实施引导策略,更好的为妊娠梅毒患者提供全程随访服务。     

Salmonella osteomyelitis in a child with sickle cell disease

In an eight-months-old girl with sickle cell disease, osteomyelitis due to Salmonella arizona was diagnosed. Osteomyelitis caused by Salmonella species is rare in children. However, in patients with sickle cell disease it is the responsible pathogen in more than 50% of cases. The differentiation between, the much more common, bone crisis and osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients is often difficult. Ultrasound and bone marrow scans may be helpful. It is not known why Salmonella causes osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease. What is clear, however, is that osteomyelitis usually occurs shortly after a preceding bone crisis. Empiric antibiotic treatment of osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease should include coverage for Salmonella species. The patient described was initially treated with cefuroxime and gentamicin, but once the culture result was known this was switched to amoxicillin. As new infection foci later occurred in the bone the treatment was switched to ceftriaxone i.v. which was later substituted by ciprofloxacin orally. With this all of the skeletal abnormalities were fully corrected.     

One year of neonatal screening for sickle-cell disease in Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam

OBJECTIVE: Early detection of children with sickle cell disease, determination of carriership frequency as well as evaluation of the knowledge regarding this haemoglobinopathy in various ethnic risk groups. DESIGN: Prospective. METHODS: From 1 November 1998 through to 31 October 1999, the ethnic background was recorded for consecutive pregnant women under care of the Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and the presence of carriership for sickle cell disease was evaluated. Carriers were asked about their knowledge of sickle cell disease. A diagnostic blood test of cord blood was also performed using a PCR which could detect both haemoglobin S and C mutations. RESULTS: Fifty-five carriers were detected in a group of 1,016 investigated pregnant women (5.4%). The carriership frequencies in Surinam and African women were 12 and 15.7%, respectively. Knowledge of sickle cell disease, its occurrence in populations at risk, as well as the terms 'inheritance' and 'carriership', differed substantially between Surinam and African women, with awareness being lower in the latter group. In six cases informed consent was not asked. All other 49 carriers consented to a diagnostic test. Two intrauterine deaths occurred. Four children had sickle cell disease: three had HbSS, one had HbSC. Nineteen children proved to be carriers for sickle cell disease, 18 were heterozygotes for HbS, one for HbC. CONCLUSION: This targeted neonatal screening for sickle cell disease was feasible in a hospital setting. The number of children diagnosed with the disease supports the wider implementation of this method of early detection.     

上海市2014-2016年妊娠合并严重特殊疾病的风险管理研究

【目的】研究妊娠合并严重特殊疾病孕妇的风险管理。【方法】回顾性分析上海市2014—2016年181例孕周<28周,妊娠合并严重特殊疾病(以下简称"严重特殊疾病")的孕妇构成情况及风险管理。【结果】2014—2016年妊娠合并严重特殊疾病发生率逐年上升,2016年较2014年上升2.26倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。181例孕妇平均年龄(29.06±5.41)岁,高龄孕妇(≥35岁)占16.02%;2016年高龄孕妇比例较前两年增加。三年中非本市户籍孕妇的比例(76.80%)高于本市户籍比例(23.20%),其中流动孕妇比率35.91%。181例妊娠合并严重特殊疾病孕妇的疾病顺位前三位分别为心脏疾病、血液系统疾病和免疫系统疾病。181例合并严重特殊疾病孕妇中,47例危重抢救,发生率为259.67‰,明显高于2014—2016年上海市危重孕产妇抢救发生率(分别是2.31‰,3.12‰,3.31/‰,三年平均2.89‰)。孕13周以上终止妊娠住院费用高于孕13周以内终止妊娠者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】加强妊娠合并严重特殊疾病的早期干预,保障母婴安全,提高此类孕妇的生命质量,降低疾病负担,节约医疗卫生成本。提高此类孕妇的风险意识及干预的依从性,降低孕产妇死亡率。     

Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine is not associated with sickle cell hospitalizations in adults from a large cohort

We evaluated the risk of hospitalization for sickle cell crisis (SCC) following influenza vaccination (trivalent inactivated vaccine, TIV) in adults with sickle cell disease. The cohort consisted of all adults aged 18years and older who had a diagnosis of sickle cell disease in the Vaccine Safety Datalink from 1991 to 2006. The outcome measure was any hospitalization for SCC with the main exposure being influenza vaccine. We used a self controlled case series design to compare the incidence rates of hospitalization for SCC during the exposed and unexposed periods after TIV. No significant association between influenza vaccination and hospitalization for sickle cell crisis was found (IRR ratio 0.92, 95% confidence limits 0.66-1.28). These results provide evidence that the seasonal influenza vaccine is safe as recommended in adults who are at high risk for complications of influenza sequelae due to sickle cell disease.     

妊娠期糖尿病并发高脂血症影响因素及营养管理效果研究

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病并发高脂血症的危险因素及其相关营养管理措施.方法 选取2019年1月至2020年5月在廊坊市某医院产科建立产前健康档案并能按正常产前检查要求进行产检的妊娠期糖尿病孕妇作为研究对象进行血脂水平检测,并对妊娠期糖尿病并发高血脂症孕妇进行8周的营养管理,采用描述流行病学分析方法对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇发生高血...     

Anaemia in pregnant Ghanaian women: importance of malaria, iron deficiency, and haemoglobinopathies

In sub-Saharan Africa, anaemia in pregnancy results from multiple causes including malaria, iron deficiency and haemoglobinopathies. In a cross-sectional study among 530 pregnant women in Ghana in November-December 1998, red blood cell indices were analysed with respect to malaria, serum concentrations of ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP), and the haemoglobin and alpha-globin genotypes. Anaemia (haemoglobin [Hb] < 11 g/dL) was found in 54% of the women; 63% harboured malaria parasites at predominantly low numbers. Ferritin levels were considerably influenced by malaria and inflammatory processes (CRP > 0.6 mg/dL). Depending on the definition applied, the prevalence of iron deficiency ranged between 5% and 46%. The HbAS trait was observed in 14%, HbAC and elevated HbF in 7% each, and sickle cell disease in 1%. Heterozygous beta-thalassaemia was present in 1% of the women and alpha(+)-thalassaemia in 33% (29% heterozygous, 4% homozygous). Women with HbAS had higher malaria parasite densities than those with HbAA. In individuals with highly elevated HbF (> 10%), parasitaemia occurred in 27% only. Low gravidity, second trimester of pregnancy, malaria, raised CRP levels, and homozygous alpha(+)-thalassaemia were independent risk factors for anaemia in multivariate analysis. alpha(+)-Thalassaemia, however, was associated with a lesser degree of malarial anaemia when compared to non-thalassaemic women. Iron deficiency appears not to be a major health problem in this population. Haemoglobinopathies are common but, except for homozygous alpha(+)-thalassaemia, do not substantially contribute to anaemia in pregnancy. alpha(+)-Thalassaemia ameliorates malarial anaemia in pregnant women.     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症流行病学调查及危险因素分析

目的:研究妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)流行病学分布特征及相关危险因素。方法:选取2015年10月—2019年10月于甘肃省陇西县第一人民医院住院的孕妇3 702例为样本进行横断面研究,采集孕妇基线资料,同时记录孕妇受精方式、孕周及妊娠期合并症发生情况并完善实验室检查,根据ICP发病情况将患者分为ICP组和对照组,比较两组各项资料并分析ICP发病危险因素。结果:3 702例孕妇中确诊为ICP者158例(4.27%),两组孕妇年龄、妊娠时间、居住地、受教育年限、ICP家族史、孕激素应用、多胎妊娠、自身免疫疾病、妊娠期糖尿病及妊娠期高血压等流行病学分布特征比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄、孕周、受教育年限、ICP家族史、多胎妊娠及自身免疫疾病均为ICP发病的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:年龄、孕周、受教育年限、ICP家族史、多胎妊娠以及自身免疫疾病均为影响ICP发病的危险因素,孕期需加强监测和筛查工作,以保障母婴健康。