磁处理酒对小鼠血脂及血糖的影响

目的　观察磁处理酒对小鼠血脂及血糖的影响。方法　 3组小鼠分别饮用含乙醇 10 %磁处理白酒 (磁处理白酒组 )、10 %未经磁处理白酒 (白酒组 )、自来水 (对照组 ) 38d后 ,取血清用酶法测定血脂及血糖。结果　对血清中高密度脂蛋白 -胆固醇 (HDL -Ch)含量 ,磁处理白酒组 ( 2 .42 0±0 .6 2 7)mmol/L ,比对照组 ( 2 .0 77± 0 .5 0 5 )mmol/L显著升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,白酒组 ( 1.980±0 .5 48)mmol/L ,与对照组差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;对总胆固醇含量 ,二者均无明显影响 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;对甘油三酯含量 ,磁处理组白酒有降低作用 ( 1.0 86± 0 .336 )mmol/L ,白酒有升高作用 ( 1.36 5±0 .6 6 0 )mmol/L ,二者与对照组 ( 1.2 0 1± 0 .491)mmol/L相比 ,差异虽均无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但磁处理白酒组与白酒组之间差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;对血糖含量 ,磁处理白酒有显著降低作用 (P <0 .0 1) ,白酒虽亦有降低作用 ,但差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　磁处理白酒对血脂的影响优于一般白酒     

磁处理酒对人血清超氧化物歧化酶及一氧化氮含量的影响

目的　研究饮用磁处理白酒对人血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)及一氧化氮(NO)含量的影响。方法　将60名受试者随机分为白酒组和磁处理白酒组各30名。实验前3d禁饮任何酒类,实验开始第1d晨取空腹静脉血测血清SOD、MDA和NO,之后根据本人酒量和饮酒习惯自由饮用白酒或磁处理白酒30d后于晨取空腹静脉血再测以上3项指标。结果　饮用磁处理白酒者血清SOD活性和NO含量比饮前显著升高(t=5.6335,t=4.2447,P＜0.01)。MDA含量明显降低(t=5.5068,P＜0.01)。饮用白酒者血清SOD和NO比饮用前明显降低(t=2.8194,P＜0.05;t=3.6265,P＜0.01),MDA含量显著升高(t=4.7203,P＜0.01)。两组比较,SOD活性和NO含量的升高及MDA含量的降低均具有显著性(t=4.5689,t=4.0520,t=5.7586,P＜0.01)。结论　磁处理白酒可以降低白酒促进人体脂质过氧化及减少血清NO含量降低可能带来的危害。     

自配3M低泡多酶清洗液与原配清洗液在ZL9000PLUS全自动血液流变测试仪上的应用效果比较

[目的]探讨为节省血液流变学指标的检测成本,改原配清洗液为自配清洗液的应用效果.[方法]采用自配的3M低泡多酶清洗液和原配套清洗液,清洗旋转式血液粘度计切液锥和测试池.比较两种清洗液本底蒸馏水表观粘度值(D=120s-1,T=37℃)及临床标本使用两种清洗液在仪器设定的三种切变率(D=5s-1,30s-1,120s-1)下的全血粘度检测结果.[结果]原配组本底试验蒸馏水粘度值精确度(CV) 为2.16%;自配组CV为 2.07%.两组清洗液本底试验稳定,其差异无显著性(P>0.05);在全血标本测定后测定蒸馏水粘度值,原配清洗液组测试蒸馏水粘度值CV 2.73%;自配清洗液组测试蒸馏水粘度值CV2.37%,两样本均数的t检验无显著性差异(P>0.05);临床标本使用两种清洗液在仪器设定的三种切变率下的全血粘度检测结果差异均无显著性(P>0.01).[结论]自配3M多酶低泡清洗液,可以替代原装配套清洗液,并能保证ZL9000PLUS全自动血液流变测试仪的精度.     

血液流变检测质控物制备方法探讨

目的筛选简便易行的血液流变学检测质控物制备方法.方法静脉采血,与输血1号抗凝液8:1混合;分为2份,1份每100mL全血加入1640液25mL,混匀后无菌分装无添加物灭菌真空管(简称真空管)和枸橼酸钠缓冲液抗凝真空管(CTAD管),1份不加1640液分装上述管,2℃～4℃保存.每日测定上述4种质控液在150s-1、60s-1和10s-1切变率下的全血粘度,并测血浆粘度、红细胞压积(HCT)和红细胞沉降率(ESR),持续4周,统计变异系数(CV%)和第1周与最后1周数据t检验.每周测质控液的全血和血浆血红蛋白,计算溶血百分率.结果抗凝血加入1640液分装真空管连续4周的测定值CV%均＜4%,无显著差异(P＞0.05)),溶血率＜1%.未加1640液管组和分装CrAD管2组2周后开始溶血,3周后溶血率＞1%,CV%均＞6.4%.除血浆粘度和ESR外均有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论输血1号抗凝液抗凝全血加1640液分装真空管的质控物制备方法简便易行,保存时间长,质控结果良好,可进一步研究应用.     

138例高脂血症患者血液流变学指标检测分析

目的 分析高脂血症者血液流变学变化特点.方法 采用SA-9000全自动血液流变仪对138例高脂血症患者血流变学有关指标进行检测,并与83例健康对照者检测结果进行对比分析.结果 高脂血症患者组男女血液流变学指标全血黏度(1 s-1～200 s-1)、血浆黏度、血细胞比容、红细胞变形指数、红细胞聚集指数与对照组男女相比均有明显改变.高脂血症组男、女患者全血粘度(1 s-1～200 s-1)与对照组相应性别比较均增高(P＜0.05),高脂血症组男女患者红细胞聚集指数和血细胞比容均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),而红细胞变形指数低于对照组相应性别(P＜0.05).结论 高脂血症患者普通存在血液流变学指标的改变,应定期进行血液流变学检测,对其治疗、预后及疗效观察具有重要的临床意义.     

慢性前列腺炎患者的血液流变学实验研究

目的探讨慢性前列腺炎患者的血液流变学特点.方法对60例慢性前列腺炎患者,于治疗前和治疗4周后分别进行血液流变学12项指标的检测,对比分析治疗前后血液流变学的改变,并与同期男性健康组对照.结果慢性前列腺炎组治疗前的(高切、低切)全血粘度、低切还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数、血小板粘附率和纤维蛋白原均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05～0.01),而脑血液量则显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗4周后,除全血粘度仍较高外(P＜0.05),其它血液流变学指标已逐渐恢复至正常水平(与对照组无显著性差异,P＞0.05).结论慢性前列腺炎的高粘血症是炎症反应的体现,定期检查,有指导治疗的意义.     

120例教师血液流变学指标观察

目的 对120例教师血液流变学五项指标进行观察分析。方法 测定全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积。结果 教师组与对照组相比，全血粘度、血浆粘度均有显著性差异，其中男性教师组为P＜0．00l，女性教师组为P＜0．0l，红细胞压积无差异(P＞0．1)。结论 教师人群的血液粘滞性显著高于非教师人群，因此教师应多参与体育锻炼，从而使血液粘度逐渐恢复正常。     

海军陆战队员远航登陆训练后血液流变学和凝血系统的变化

目的:探讨海军陆战队员在六级风浪大海中乘舰远航登陆训练时,航行中血液流变学和凝血系统的变化。方法:海军陆战队员187名,其中124名在六级左右风浪中航行18h达到登陆地点,63名为陆勤人员作为对照。使用凝血分析仪、血液流变仪检测对照组,乘舰中晕船呕吐组、乘舰中晕船未呕吐组及无晕船组的血液流变学和凝血系统相关指标。结果:晕船呕吐组血液流变学指标:全血低切黏度、全血中切黏度、血浆黏度、血细胞比容、红细胞沉降率、全血低切还原黏度、全血中切还原黏度、血沉方程K值、红细胞刚性指数、红细胞电泳指数分别为(9.4±0.5)mPa·s,(5.4±0.3)mPa·s,(1.5±0.2)mPa·s,(48.2±3.1)%,(6.6±1.4)mm/h,(21.7±4.1)mPa·s,(10.1±1.6)mPa·s,(61.4±11.5),(5.3±1.0),(6.3±1.8),与对照相比差异有显著意义(t=2.11～3.33,P<0.01)。全血高切黏度、全血高切还原黏度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变性指数分别为(4.7±0.3)mPa·s,(8.0±1.9)mPa·s,(2.8±0.3),(0.8±0.3),均比对照组显著增高(t=2.07～2.21,P<0.05)。晕船未呕吐组,全血低切黏度、全血低切还原黏度、红细胞聚集指数,红细胞电泳指数分别为(7.7±0.5),(14.0±2.2)mPa·s,(1.6±0.3),(5.2±1.3)均较对照组低(t=2.37～2.83,P<0.05)。无晕船组无差异(P>0.0     

二联吡啶酮对慢性肺心病急性加重期患者心功能及血液流变学的影响

〖目的〗观察二联吡啶酮(米力农)对慢性肺心病急性加重期患者心功能及血液流变学的影响.〖方法〗将70例慢性肺心病急性加重期伴有心功能不全患者随机分为两组.观察组36例,在常规治疗的基础上加用米力农治疗,连续1周;对照组34例,仅予常规治疗,治疗前后以多普勒超声心动图评定心功能,并进行血液流变学检测.〖结果〗患者经米力农治疗后心排量、心脏指数、射血分数均显著增加(P＜0.01).同时血液流变学示低切变率下全血粘度、高切变率下全血粘度、血浆比粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞电泳时间、红细胞比积、血小板聚集率、纤维蛋白原定量均有显著下降(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),其心功能与血液流变学的改善均明显优于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组临床总有效率及显效率分别94.5%及50.0%;对照组为70.6%及26.5%,观察组疗效亦明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗期间未见明显副作用.〖结论〗米力农能显著改善肺心病急性加重期患者的心功能及血液流变性,是治疗肺心病的一种有效而安全的药物.     

慢性阻塞性肺病患者血清TXB2、6-K-PGF1α、PGE2测定及其临床意义

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者血清血栓素B2(TXB2)、6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-K-PGF1α)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)水平的改变及其临床意义.方法采用放射免疫法测定54例COPD患者和40例健康对照组的血清TXB2、6-K-PGF1α、PGE2水平,进行对照统计分析.结果COPD组血清TXB2水平显著高于对照组(99.65±16.16ng/L VS 50.33±6.03ng/L;t=2.222,P＜0.05),6-K-PGF1α水平显著低于对照组(48.53+5.90ng/L VS 79.16±8.93ng/L;t=2.963,P＜0.01),6-K-PGF1α PGE2两者间呈显著正相关(r=0.232,P＜0.05).伴有呼吸衰竭组血清PGE2显著高于无呼衰组(12.79±1.76ng/L VS 6.99±1.15ng/L;t=2.353,P＜0.05),但血清TXB2、6-K-PGF1α无显著差异(P＞0.05).死亡组与出院好转组血清TXB2、6-K-PGF1α、PGE2水平均无显著差异(t=0.438,t=0.721,t=0.556,P均＞0.05).结论COPD组血清TXB2水平显著增高,6-K-PGF1α水平显著降低,且6-K-PGF1α与PGE2间呈显著正相关,伴有呼吸衰竭组血清PGE2显著高于无呼衰组,提示COPD患者中存在血液高凝状态及血管痉挛,抗凝与扩血管治疗有助于延缓COPD进展.     

Alcohol and migraine: trigger factor, consumption, mechanisms. A review

This study investigates the importance of alcohol as a migraine trigger factor, the prevalence of alcohol consumers and the mechanism of headache provocation. A MEDLINE search from 1988 to October 2007 was performed for “headache and alcohol”, “headache and wine”, “migraine and alcohol” and “migraine and wine”. In retrospective studies, about one-third of the migraine patients reported alcohol as a migraine trigger, at least occasionally, but only 10% of the migraine patients reported alcohol as a migraine trigger frequently. Regional differences were reported, perhaps depending in part on alcohol habits. No differences were found between migraine and tension headache and different genders. However, prospective studies limit considerably the importance of alcohol as a trigger. Recent studies show that migraine patients consume less alcohol than controls. Red wine was reported to be the principal trigger of migraine, but other studies show that white wine or other drinks are more involved. Then, the discussion based on the different composition of the various alcoholic beverages, in order to discover the content of alcoholic drinks responsible for migraine attack, reflects this uncertainty. Biogenic amines, sulphites, flavonoid phenols, 5-hydroxytryptamine mechanisms and vasodilating effects are discussed. The fact that few headache patients cannot tolerate some alcoholic drinks does not justify the consideration that alcohol is a major trigger and the suggestion of abstinence. In fact, low doses of alcohol can have a beneficial effect on patients such as migraineurs, who were reported to have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.     

姜醋酒足浴治疗难治性糖尿病足坏疽的疗效观察

目的：探讨姜醋酒足浴疗法治疗难治性糖尿病足坏疽的疗效。方法126例难治性糖尿病足坏疽患者随机分为观察组和对照组,两组均采用基础治疗及清创法治疗,观察组63例在其基础上用姜醋酒足浴治疗,对照组63例用1／5000呋喃西林溶液足浴治疗,治疗前后评估其疗效。结果两组疗效比较：观察组总有效率为87.3％,明显高于对照组65.1％（ P＝0.003）;截肢率比较,观察组0例,明显低于对照组6例（9.52％,P＝0.036）;平均治愈天数比较：观察组平均（43±4） d治愈,对照组平均（52±5）d治愈,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＝0.025）。结论姜醋酒足浴疗法在综合治疗的基础上进行对症治疗可以明显提高难治性糖尿病足坏疽的治愈率、有效率,降低截肢率,使患者生活质量提高。     

Pharmacological analysis of red-wine-induced migrainous headaches

We describe a series of experiments designed to investigate the mechanisms by which headaches can be triggered by red wine in a small minority of migraine patients. Some red wines are particularly potent releasers of serotonin from platelet stores, but these are no more effective as triggers of headache in sensitive patients. Both the selective 5-HT_2A antagonist ketanserin and the non-selective 5-HT_2ABC antagonist pizotifen blocked the majority of headaches, and we then thought the antihistamine properties of these two drugs might be important. In a third experiment, however, the H₁ antagonist mepyramine did not convincingly antagonise the response to red wine. Plasma levels of the enzyme diamine oxidase, which metabolises histamine, were lower in all migraine patients, whether or not they were sensitive to red wine. The results reported here do not permit making firm conclusions; nevertheless it seems that different pharmacological receptors may be responsible in different patients. Received: 17 September 2002, Accepted in revised form: 17 December 2002 Correspondence to R.C. Peatfield     

Absorption of three wine-related polyphenols in three different matrices by healthy subjects

BACKGROUND: Despite their powerful biologic activities conducive to protection against atherosclerosis, cancer and inflammatory diseases demonstrated in vitro, there is considerable doubt whether the polyphenolic constituents present in red wine and other dietary components are effective in vivo. OBJECTIVE: We have tested the absorptive efficiency of three of these constituents (trans-resveratrol, [+]-catechin and quercetin) when given orally to healthy human subjects in three different media. DESIGN: Twelve healthy males aged 25 to 45 were randomly assigned to three different groups consuming orally one of the following polyphenols: trans-resveratrol, 25 mg/70 kg; [+]-catechin 25 mg/70 kg; quercetin 10 mg/70 kg. Each polyphenol was randomly administered at 4-week intervals in three different matrices: white wine (11.5% ethanol), grape juice, and vegetable juice/homogenate. Blood was collected at zero time and at four intervals over the first four hours after consumption; urine was collected at zero time and for the following 24-h. The sums of free and conjugated polyphenols were measured in blood serum and urine by a gas-chromatographic method. RESULTS: All three polyphenols were present in serum and urine predominantly as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, reaching peak concentrations in the former around 30-min after consumption. The free polyphenols accounted for 1.7 to 1.9% (trans-resveratrol), 1.1 to 6.5% ([+]-catechin) and 17.2 to 26.9% (quercetin) of the peak serum concentrations. The absorption of trans-resveratrol was the most efficient as judged by peak serum concentration, area-under-the curve (4 h) and urinary 24-h excretion (16-17% of dose consumed). [+]-Catechin was the poorest by these criteria (urine 24-h excretion 1.2%-3.0% of dose consumed), with quercetin being intermediate (urine 24-h excretion 2.9%-7.0% of dose consumed). Some significant matrix effects were observed for the serum polyphenol concentrations, but in the case of urine no matrix promoted significantly higher excretion than the other two. CONCLUSIONS: The absorption of these three polyphenols is broadly equivalent in aqueous and alcoholic matrices but, at peak concentrations of 10 to 40 nmol/L, is inadequate to permit circulating concentrations of 5 to 100 micromol/L consistent with in vitro biologic activity. The voluminous literature reporting powerful in vitro anticancer and antiinflammatory effects of the free polyphenols is irrelevant, given that they are absorbed as conjugates.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.