后程加速超分割放射治疗食管癌

目的 :探讨后程加速超分割放疗食管癌的疗效及放疗反应。方法 :1 997年 9月～ 1 999年 1 0月对 1 0 4例食管患者随机分为 2组 :常规分割放射治疗组 5 3例 ,60 Co放疗 ,1次 /d ,2 .0Gy/次 ,5次 /W ,总剂量 70Gy ,35次 ,49d～ 5 6d。后程加速超分割放射治疗组 5 1例 ,60 Co放疗 ,前 2 / 3疗程为常规分割放疗 ,照射 43Gy后缩野 ,改为加速超分割放疗 ,2次 /d ,1 .5Gy/次 ,间隔时间 ( 6± 0 .5 )h ,照射 2 7Gy ,总剂量 70Gy ,共 40次 ,45d～ 5 0d。结果 :两组病人均顺利完成放疗计划 ,近期有效率 1 0 0 %,全部病人无重度放射性食管炎、气管炎 ,无后期放射性损伤。急性期轻度放射性食管炎、气管炎 ,白细胞降低无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。两组治疗结束时控制率为 1 0 0 %。 1、2、3年局部控制率 ,后程加速超分割组明显高于常规组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,分别为 78%、5 7%、43%和 5 6%、36%、2 6%。生存率 1、2、3年分别为 75 %、5 1 %、41 %和 5 6%、36%、2 3%(P <0 .0 5 ) ,两组病人有显著差异。结论 :两组病人均能耐受全放射疗程 ,放疗反应较轻。后程加速超分割组的局部控制率和生存率明显高于常规组。     

鼻咽癌放疗后脑损伤29例分析

本文分析鼻咽癌放疗后脑损伤 2 9例。男性 2 2例 ,女性 7例。年龄 2 6～ 36岁 ,平均 4 5.1岁。放疗鼻咽部采用 6 0CO -γ线或 8MV -X线照射 ,以耳前野为主 ;颈部用 6 0CO -γ线切线和深部X线或电子线垂直照射 ,均常规分割照射。鼻咽部剂量首程为 6 7～ 85GY ,再程为 50～ 6 9GY ;上颈部剂量为 4 5～ 80GY ;脑损伤单侧 1 7例 ,双侧 1 2例 ,累及顶叶 1 7例。 1 6例脑损伤侧出现脑中动脉增粗不均影像。结果提示放射性脑坏死与继发于血管损伤有关外 ,还可能与颈部放疗有关。对于T1- 2期患者 ,建议其耳前野的上界放在颅底线上 1 .0cm左右 ,以减轻脑组织的晚期损伤。     

三维适形放射治疗局部晚期NSCLC近期疗效观察

目的 探讨三维适形后程逐步递量加速放射治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的近期疗效和急性放射反应.方法 将56例局部晚期NSCLC放疗患者随机分为常规剂量三维适形组(A组)26例,和后程逐步递量加速组(B组)30例.采用6MV-X线照射,首程常规三维适形放疗,2.0 Cy/次,5次/周,至DT=40 Gy后重新CT扫描制定计划,B组后程改为分别2.3 Gy/次,2.6 Gy/次,3.0 Gy/次,照射3次,5次/周,总剂量61.4 Gy.照射野包括胸部CT可见的原发灶以及纵隔≥1.0 cm单个或成束淋巴结.A组1例,B组2例,因不能耐受放弃治疗.结果 按计划完成放疗病例的近期疗效:A组总有效率72.0%(18/25),B组总有效率78.6%(22/28);A、B 2组发生放射性食管炎分别为19例、17例和放射性肺炎分别为18例、19例.结论 后程逐步递量加速放射治疗NSCLC近期疗效满意,放射反应相当,是对放射治疗NSCLC的有益尝试,但远期疗效和并发症仍有待大样本验证.     

鼻咽癌前组筛窦侵犯诱导化疗结合混合线放射治疗模式的探讨

目的 初步探讨诱导化疗结合混合线照射治疗鼻咽癌筛窦侵犯的可行性.方法 共16例鼻咽癌患者入组,每个患者先行2个疗程诱导化疗,方案采用CF 120mg/m2,5-FU 400mg/m2,1～5d,DDP 70mg/m2,1d,常规行止吐和水化处理,每3周重复.放疗采用双侧野,矩形野挡眼球和晶体,6MV的X线照射,剂量70～72Gy·(35～36次)-1·(7周)-1.筛窦前采用电子线照射,根据深度选择电子线的能量级,剂量60Gy·(30次)-1·(6周)-1.化疗后和放疗后复查鼻咽CT和MRI,评价疗效,观察化疗和放疗毒性.结果 16例患者全部完成诱导化疗和放疗,放疗后2个月复查CT和MRI,评价疗效鼻咽筛窦肿物完全消退8例(50.0%),部分消退7例(43.8%),稳定1例(6.2%),有效率为93.8%.Ⅱ级白细胞下降2例,Ⅲ级白细胞下降1例,筛窦前野照射野皮肤出现Ⅰ级放射性皮炎14例,Ⅱ级2例,未见有≥Ⅲ级的放射性皮炎.结论 采用诱导化疗结合混合线照射治疗鼻咽癌前组筛窦侵犯是简单可行的.远期疗效和毒性需要进一步观察.     

新辅助化疗加后程加速超分割放疗治疗鼻咽癌的临床研究

目的　评价新辅助化疗加后程加速超分割放疗治疗鼻咽癌的近期疗效及急性放射反应。方法　将同期收治的 4 3例经病理确诊且无远处转移的鼻咽癌患者随机分为研究组 (n=2 3)和对照组 (n=2 0 )。研究组先按 FP方案 (5 - Fu+DDP)行 1周期新辅助化疗 ,然后行放疗。放疗又分两个阶段 ,首先设面颈联合野加下颈切线野 ,行常规分割放疗 ,照射 36 .0～ 4 0 .0 Gy后缩野 ,而后改用面颈分野 ,研究组行加速超分割放疗 ,每次 1.4～ 1.6 Gy、每日 2次 ,间隔时间≥ 6小时 ,鼻咽部总剂量照射至 6 8.0～ 70 .0 Gy;对照组仅行常规分割放疗 ,鼻咽部总剂量照射至6 8.0～ 70 .0 Gy。放疗结束后 1月 ,两组再行 3～ 4周期辅助化疗 ,方案同前。结果　研究组口腔粘膜急性放射反应较对照组重 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而皮肤和血液学急性放射反应两组无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。放疗结束时 CT检查显示两组鼻咽部和颈部肿瘤的完全消退率分别为 78.2 6 %和 6 5 .0 0 % ,无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。但在放疗结束后 3个月和 6个月 ,两组鼻咽癌和颈部肿瘤的完全消退率分别为 95 .6 5 %比 70 .0 0 %及 95 .6 5 %比 75 % ,均有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。放疗结束后 6个月 ,两组中、晚期 ( 期 + A+ B期 )病例肿瘤的完全消退率分别为 92 .31%和 5 0 .0 0 %     

后程加速超分割放射治疗鼻咽癌长期疗效探讨

目的:比较后程(野中野)加速超分割(LCAHF)与常规分割(CF)放射治疗鼻咽癌的长期疗效及放疗反应.方法:对经病理证实为鼻咽癌患者102例,随机分为常规分割(CF)放疗组52例及后程加速超分割(LCAHF)放疗组50例.LCAHF 组,先用常规分割照射DT40 Gy /20次(其中面颈联合野DT36 Gy)后,再用LCAHF 技术,1.5 Gy/次,2次/d,两次照射间隔≥6 h,5 d/周,每天的第二次照射采用缩野技术(野中野),鼻咽部总量70～76 Gy;CF组常规分割放疗,鼻咽部总量68～76 Gy;颈部采用常规照射,颈部根治性放疗剂量66～76 Gy,颈部预防量46～60 Gy.结果:①LCAHF组及CF组5年鼻咽原发灶局控率分别为91.2%、76.0%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.043);②LCAHF组及CF组的5年生存率分别为68.0%、58.0%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.843);③LCAHF组急性口咽放射反应高于CF组(P＞0.05),但能耐受,远期并发症两组相似.结论:后程加速超分割放疗鼻咽癌的局控率高于常规放疗,急性放射反应能耐受,未增加远期并发症,但长期生存率无差别.     

鼻咽癌低氧放疗的前瞻性研究

探讨鼻咽癌低氧放疗的临床应用价值。方法 :1993年 7月～ 1995年 10收治的 12 0例鼻咽癌患者 ,根据临床期别区组设计 ,随机分为低氧放疗组和常规放疗组 ,均给予钴 - 6 0外照射 ,面颈联合野照射 34Gy后改面颈分野照射至鼻咽中平面剂量 70Gy ,低氧放疗组病例在放疗同时吸入 10 .5 %的低氧。结果 :两组近期疗效、长期生成率无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而低氧放疗组严重口干反应、严重口腔粘膜反应明显低于常规放疗组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;张口困难、放射性脑病的发生率低于常规放疗组 ,但无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :低氧放疗可减轻鼻咽癌患者放射治疗的副作用 ,降低并发症的发生率。低氧放疗能否降低鼻咽癌患者放射性脑病及严重张口困难等后遗症的发生率 ,尚难以推断。     

鼻咽癌患者放疗后中耳炎及其影响因素

目的　分析鼻咽癌患者放疗后发生中耳炎的影响因素。方法　选择 1 32例 (2 6 4耳 )常规分割放疗鼻咽癌病例 ,放疗前无并发中耳炎 ,观察放疗后中耳炎发生情况。结果　 1 32例 (2 6 4耳 )鼻咽癌患者放疗后中耳炎的发生率为 4 2 8% (1 1 3/ 2 6 4 ) ,其中 5 7耳在放疗后 6个月内发生中耳炎 ,占放疗后中耳炎的 5 0 4 % (5 7/ 1 1 3)。中耳受照剂量为 5 2 90～ 6 0 0、～ 70 0、～ 78 89Gy的患者中耳炎的发生率分别为 4 6 2 % ,5 3 6 % ,6 2 4 %。年龄≤ 4 5岁组和 >4 5岁组发生率分别为 5 3 9%和 6 2 9% (P =0 0 2 7)。鼻咽侧壁侵犯的患者中耳炎发生率较高 (P =0 0 2 3;OR =2 36 1 )。放疗中及放疗后有进行鼻咽清洗处理的患者中耳炎发生率较低 (P =0 0 0 3;OR =0 1 85 )。结论　鼻咽癌患者放疗后中耳炎的发生率较高 ,咽旁侵犯、中耳受照剂量、有否进行鼻咽清洗和患者年龄是主要的影响因素。鼻咽靶区全部剂量都从两颞侧给予的照射方式应设法予以改进 ,加强放疗中及放疗后鼻咽清洗可减少中耳炎的发生 ,改善患者的生存质量     

后程加速超分割放射治疗食管癌的临床分析

目的:评价后程加速超分割放射治疗食管癌的疗效及放射反应。方法:对92例食管癌随机分为常规分割照射组(常规组)和后程加速超分割照射组(后超组),每组46例。均经病理证实为鳞癌。放疗方法为60Co～γ线/10MV-x线三野照射。常规组:2Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量Dγ66Gy/33次/6.6周。后超组:先常规照射40Gy/20次/4周,然后缩野改为1.3GY/次,每日照射2次,间隔4～6小时,照射26Gy/20次,总量DT66Gy/6周。结果:1、3、5年生存率为常规组52.2%(24/46)、21.7%(10/46)、15.2%(7/46)。后超组76.1%(35/46)、43.5%(20/46)、32.6%(15/46)。后超组优于常规组(P<0.001)。后超组和常规组放射性食管炎的发生率分别为67.4%(31/46)和13.0%(6/46)。两组显著差异。结论:食管癌后超组的1、3、5年生存率优常于常规组。但后超组的放射性食管炎的发生率高于常规组。经抗炎治疗后,能够耐受,不必中断放疗。     

鼻咽癌单纯常规外照射放疗疗效观察

目的 分析35例初治鼻咽癌单纯常规外照射的临床效果,探讨提高疗效的临床因素.方法 对我院2003年全年35例初治鼻咽癌单纯常规外照射疗效进行回顾分析.全部病例均根据CT和MRI对照射靶区进行个体化设计,按规范化要求制定治疗计划.采用铅挡块、面颈联合野等中心照射技术.鼻咽癌根治剂量68～70Gy/7周,颈淋巴结阳性者颈部根治剂量60～70Gy/6～7周,阴性者给与预防剂量50Gy/5周.结果 全组病例1、2、3、4年总生存率分别为89.5%、81.9%、78.1%和75.7%;无瘤生存率分别为80.8%、73.1%、68.5%和65.1%;无转移生存率分别为84.0%、77.2%、74.4%和72.0%;无复发生存率分别为95.5%、92.7%、90.3%和87.3%.全组病例放疗结束总残存率为14.6%,4年复发率为7.2%,远处转移率为9.2%,放疗后的总失败率为30.9%.中位复发时间为放疗后19.3个月,中位转移时间为放疗后12.8个月.结论 采用CT和MRI进行照射靶区的个体化设计,改进照射技术,缩短总疗程时间,提高照射剂量,加强放疗全过程的质量控制与质量保证,有助于提高鼻咽癌常规放了得疗效.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.