老年康复中心护工的心理健康状况调查

目的 调查老年康复中心护工的心理健康状况。方法 采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对74名护工进行测评。结果老年康复中心的护工SCL-90总分及躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对和偏执因子评分显著高于常模（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。不同性别、护理不同生活自理能力患者的护工，其心理健康水平比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论 老年康复中心护工的心理健康状况不容乐观，尤其是对男护工和护理生活不能自理患者的护工，应进行有针对性的心理干预。     

现阶段护理人员心理健康状况调查分析

目的 了解现阶段护理人员心理健康状况。方法 采用SCL-90症状自评量表及应对方式量表对256名护士进行调查。结果 护理人员SCL-90评分除在人际敏感因子上低于常模外，躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性以及总分均高于常模（P〈0．05、P〈0．01）；非手术科室护理人员除躯体化、恐怖因子外SCL-90评分均优于手术科室（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。护理人员积极应对评分显著低于常模，消极应对评分显著高于常模（均P〈0．01）。结论 现阶段护理人员心理健康状况不容乐观，应采取有效措施予以疏导、调整。     

现阶段护理人员心理健康状况调查分析

目的了解现阶段护理人员心理健康状况。方法采用SCL-90症状自评量表及应对方式量表对256名护士进行调查。结果护理人员SCL-90评分除在人际敏感因子上低于常模外,躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性以及总分均高于常模(P<0.05、P<0.01);非手术科室护理人员除躯体化、恐怖因子外SCL-90评分均优于手术科室(P<0.05,P<0.01)。护理人员积极应对评分显著低于常模,消极应对评分显著高于常模(均P<0.01)。结论现阶段护理人员心理健康状况不容乐观,应采取有效措施予以疏导、调整。     

老年住院患者口服用药状况调查

目的 了解老年住院患者口服用药的种类和数量，为临床口服用药护理安全提供依据。方法 采用时点调查方法对老年病房230例住院患者当日的口服药种类、数量进行调查分析。结果 当日口服药医嘱3303条，平均服药种类C14．40±5．98）种，日服药5种以上者91．74％；平均服药数量（52．24±26．03）片，日服药20片以上者90．00％。排在前3位的分剐是心血管系统、消化系统用药及保健营养类药品。结论 老年住院患者口服用药种类及数量均偏多，口服用药并未完全根据疾病治疗的需要，需加强老年患者用药健康教育和医护人员对药物知识的学习，提高对老年患者药物不良反应的认识，以促进其安全合理用药。     

护理专业教师心理健康状况与应对方式的调查

目的探讨从事高等护理教育的护理专业教师的心理健康状况及应对方式,为采取有效措施促进护理教师的心理健康提供参考。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）,对4所高等医学院校的60名护理专业女性教师及66名其他专业的女性教师的心理健康状况及应对方式进行调查。结果护理专业教师SCL-90各症状因子评分均低于其他专业教师,其中两组人际关系、焦虑、抑郁、躯体不适及总分比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01、P〈0.05）;护理专业教师的积极应对和消极应对得分与其他专业教师比较,差异有显著性意义（均P〈0.05）。结论护理专业教师的心理健康状况相对较差,且较多采用消极应对方式;管理者应采取有效的措施提高护理专业教师的健康水平。     

护工工作压力源及疲溃感的调查研究

目的 了解护工工作的主要压力源及工作疲溃感,明确压力源与工作疲溃感的关系,以帮助管理层及护工本人正确地认识工作压力,从而提高护工的工作效率及质量.方法 采用护工工作压力源量表和工作疲溃感量表对某医院96名护工进行问卷调查.结果 护工的工作压力评分为2.33±0.53,属中等水平;首要的工作压力源为专业与工作方面的问题;护工的工作疲溃感较重;工作压力与工作疲溃感呈正相关(均P＜0.01).结论 护工的工作疲溃感严重,并受工作压力影响,建议从管理角度减少或消除护工工作压力源,并对护工进行减压训练,以减轻或避免由工作压力引起的疲溃感.     

护理专业学生心理健康状况调查分析

目的 分析影响护理专业学生(护生)心理健康的因素,进一步探索护生心理健康教育途径.方法 采用大学生人格问卷(UPI)对2 513名护生于入学1个月后进行调查.以影响护生心理健康的困素为自变量,UPI的等级为因变量,研究其相关性.结果 护生组与常模组心理健康等级比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);排前3位的心理问题为感到自卑、情绪容易破坏、独处感到不安;影响护生心理健康的主要因素有单亲家庭、身心伤害、有轻生念头及对学校、自我形象、才能及专业的满意度.结论 护生的心理健康状况与童年时的教育、家庭经济状况、自我满意度等相关,护理院校应采取有效干预措施,以提高护生心理健康水平.     

空降医疗队员心理健康状况调查分析

运用SCL-90症状自评量表对53名医疗队员在跳伞救护训练中进行测查.结果除人际关系、抑郁、敌对因子外,医疗队员各项评分均显著高于中国人常模(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);与军人常模比较,除恐怖因子分明显增高(P＜0.05)外,其余各项差异无显著性意义(均P＞0.05);男队员的敌对与偏执因子评分高于女队员(均P＜0.05),与同性别的军人常模比较,男队员恐怖因子评分显著增高(P＜0.05),女队员躯体化因子评分显著增高(P＜0.05);～41岁年龄段队员SCL-90评分与21～30岁年龄段比较,除敌对与精神病性因子差异无显著性意义(均P＞0.05)外,其余各项均显著高于后者(均P＜0.01).提示空降医疗队员存在心理健康问题,需针对训练要点及队员不同性别、年龄进行技能与心理素质训练.     

中专护生心理健康状况调查分析

采用症状自评量表(SCL-90),对在校一至三年级446名护生及一年级5个班期末学习成绩平均分前10名(高分组)和后10名(低分组)的护生进行心理健康状况调查.结果446名护生SCL-90各因子分均显著高于全国青年常模(均P<0.01),其中二年级护生SCL-90各因子分均低于一、三年级护生;高分组强迫、人际敏感、忧郁、焦虑、敌对和偏执因子分显著低于低分组(P<0.05,P<0.01).提示中专护生心理健康状况水平较低,一年级护生面临新的环境不适应及三年级护生面临就业压力而发生更多的心理健康问题;心理健康问题对学习成绩可能产生负面影响.     

老年住院患者口服用药状况调查

目的 了解老年住院患者口服用药的种类和数量,为临床口服用药护理安全提供依据.方法 采用时点调查方法对老年病房230例住院患者当日的口服药种类、数量进行调查分析.结果 当日口服药医嘱3 303条,平均服药种类(14.40±5.98)种,日服药5种以上者91.74%;平均服药数量(52.24±26.03)片,日服药20片以上者90.00%.排在前3位的分别是心血管系统、消化系统用药及保健营养类药品.结论 老年住院患者口服用药种类及数量均偏多,口服用药并未完全根据疾病治疗的需要,需加强老年患者用药健康教育和医护人员对药物知识的学习,提高对老年患者药物不良反应的认识,以促进其安全合理用药.     

学龄期儿童心理健康状况调查分析

采用儿科症状检查表 (PSC)对儿科门诊就诊的 10 0例学龄期儿童进行心理健康状况评估。结果学龄期儿童PSC平均得分为 (16 .2 0± 9.10 )分 ,PSC≥ 2 8分 2 5例。不同年龄、性别儿童PSC得分比较 ,差异有显著性意义(P <0 .0 5 ) ,儿童有无躯体疾病比较 ,差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论学龄期儿童存在一定的心理社会问题 ,应针对不同性别、年龄的儿童进行心理咨询、行为矫治及感觉统合训练等 ,使之健康成长     

Age Changes of Calcaneal Ultrasonometry in Healthy German Women

This study assessed age changes in quantitative ultrasound sonometry (QUS) in a large sample of healthy German women. Speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), and stiffness index (SI) of the calcaneus were measured in 1333 women (mean age 50.5 ± 11.5 years) using the Achilles ultrasonometer (Lunar Corp., Madison, WI, USA). The short-term precision in 31 adults was 0.2% for SOS, 1.2% for BUA, and 1.3% for SI. There was an overall decline of 15% for BUA, 4% for SOS, and 31% for SI between late adolescence and old age. In premenopausal women, BUA decreased only slightly (−3%), whereas postmenopausal women showed a significantly increased decline (−12%). In contrast, SOS continuously decreased from the age of 15; there was a decline of 2% from adolescence to the menopause; postmenopausal women showed a slightly larger decline (−2.5%). The SI of premenopausal women decreased by 10%, but the postmenopausal decline of almost 22% was significantly greater. SI values for premenopausal German women were comparable to those observed in the American Achilles reference population, but postmenopausal German women had significantly higher SI values of 7% due to a lower rate of aging loss. Received: 12 August 1998 / Accepted: 28 January 1999     

Morbidity of Urodynamic Investigation in Healthy Women

The morbidity of diagnostic catheterization in healthy women has never been described. In order to further elucidate the natural history of postcystometry bacteriuria we studied a group of healthy women without lower urinary tract symptoms. Thirty female volunteers aged 39–72 years underwent urine sampling prior to and at day 3 after invasive urodynamic evaluation. One case of asymptomatic bacteriuria was detected among pretest samples. On post-test sampling 10 of 29 cultures were positive. With a cut-off level of >10⁵ CFU/ml only 2 cases could be classified as significant bacteriuria. Only 1 was symptomatic. The remaining 29 women had no symptoms following the examination. Thus the incidence of lower urinary tract infection was 3.3% following repeated diagnostic catheterization. We concluded that although bacteriuria is common after diagnostic catheterization, it is essentially asymptomatic.     

The Effects of Extreme Early Stress in Very Old Age

This article examines a community-based sample of Holocaust survivors aged 75 and over, in comparison to persons of similar age and sociocultural background who did not personally experience the Holocaust. The analysis compares respondents' sociodemographic characteristics, interpersonal resources (locus of control and social network), and vulnerability, stratified by gender (n = 194). Assessments of vulnerability (physical health, mental health, and posttraumatic stress disorder—PTSD) are compared across groups. The results reveal almost no differences regarding the sociodemographic and interpersonal variables. Nevertheless, survivors are found to be more vulnerable than the others in the comparison group: (a) male survivors demonstrate a higher prevalence of PTSD, and (b) female survivors indicate greater health-related difficulties and poorer self-rated health.     

Age and Anthropometric Traits Predict Handgrip Strength in Healthy Normals

Hand grip strength is an inevitable component in the evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis, neuromuscular, preoperative, post operative patients and community dwelling older adults'' functional capacity. Hand grip varies greatly with age, gender and the anthropometric measures when measured by hand dynamometer. The influence of above variables on hand grip when measured by modified sphygmomanometer is unknown. Further, the prediction of hand grip from age and anthropometric traits is unknown. 229 subjects (115 males and 114 females) with age 23 ± 2 and 21 ± 2 respectively were included in the study after informed c nsent. Weight and height were obtained using standard techniques. Hand grip was measured using a modified sphygmomanometer. Information regarding physical activity and health status was obtained by interview, clinical screening and stratified. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was sought out for any influence of age, height, weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) on hand grip strength. Grip strength correlated moderate to high with age (r = 0.44, p = 0.00), height (r = 0.57, p = 0.00), weight (r = 0.57, p = 0.00) and BMI (r = 0.29, p = 0.00). The regression model for handgrip strength is Hand grip = −1790.54 + 4.93557 × Age–11.7429 × Weight + 1083.4 × Height + 34.194 × BMI. Age, height and weight are the i portant determinants of the handgrip evaluation. In clinical setting, the influence of age and anthropo etric traits on handgrip shall be borne in mind when measuring handgrip by modified sphygmomanometer in age group of 20–25 year patients.     

虎门农村高血压患病现状调查

为了解富裕后的虎门农村人口健康状况，对其16个村≥40岁人口进行高血压发病率、知晓率、服药率及危险因素的调查。结果高血压发病率为27.78%，高于全国平均水平，知晓率14.92%，服药率8.72%；运动少、肥胖、吸烟、饮酒、高热量饮食、家庭史是高血压发生的主要危险因素。提示在富裕后的农村中高血压的防治工作刻不容缓，必须普及高血压防治知识，增强全民自我保健意识。     

糖尿病病人健康教育需求调查分析

为探讨门诊糖尿病病人健康教育和整体护理模式，采用问卷方法调查了１０５例糖尿病病人。结果表明，病人有一定的疾病知识，但缺乏科学的健康指导，需求能解决实际问题的健康教育内容。提出更新护士健康观念，履行教育职能；重视医学教育内容及形式的研究；实施来诊患者健康教育制度，并评价医学教育质量等有效措施，适应病人健康教育的需求。