hsa-miRNA27a和hsa-miRNA451通过调控MDRl/P-gp的表达和功能参与卵巢癌和乳腺癌细胞耐药

背景与目的：肿瘤细胞耐药是临床化疗失败的主要原因,微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)在肿瘤细胞中的异常表达与耐药关系密切。本研究旨在探讨卵巢癌及乳腺癌细胞中hsa-miRNA27a和hsa-miRNA451的表达差异及其与耐药的关系。方法：用浓度递增法建立卵巢癌耐紫杉醇细胞系A2780/Taxol;颈环状引物实时定量聚合酶链反应(stem-loop quantitative real-time PCR,stem-loop RT-PCR)检测卵巢癌耐紫杉醇细胞A2780/Taxol和亲本细胞A2780以及乳腺癌耐阿霉素细胞MCF-7/ADM和亲本细胞MCF-7中hsa-miRNA27a和hsa-miRNA451的表达;利用Lipofectamine^TM 2000分别将成熟miRNA27a的模拟物、阻遏物及阴性对照(negative control,NC)RNA转染A2780和A2780/Taxol细胞,将成熟miRNA451的模拟物及NC转染MCF-7/ADM细胞;RT-PCR技术检测细胞MDR1 mRNA表达;蛋白[质]印迹法(Western blot)检测细胞中P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)的表达;采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞增殖情况。结果：miRNA27a在A2780/Taxol细胞中高表达,与A2780细胞相比,表达增高2.2±0.30倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);miRNA451在MCF-7/ADM细胞中低表达,与MCF-7细胞相比,表达降低84%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A2780/Taxol细胞转染miRNA27a阻遏物后,MDR1 mRNA表达明显下降,与转染NC组相比,表达下降(39±0.14)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。P-gp相对表达量［(26±5.3)%)］与转染NC组的P-gp相对表达量［(43±6.7)%］比较,下降39%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对紫杉醇的敏感性增加,半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)为0.53 μmol/L,与转染NC组IC50(6.8 μmol/L)相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A2780细胞转染miRNA27a模拟物后,细胞的MDR1 mRNA表达升高,与转染NC组相比,升高(121±0.11)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);细胞对紫杉醇的敏感性下降,IC₅₀为0.2 μmol/L,与转染NC组IC₅₀(0.06 μmol/L)相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MCF-7/ADM细胞转染miRNA451模拟物后,MDR1 mRNA表达明显下降,与转染NC组细胞相比,表达下降(65±12)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);P-gp相对表达量［(31±19)%)］与转染NC组细胞P-gp相对表达量［(83±12)%］相比,下降62%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对阿霉素的敏感性增加,IC₅₀为4.61 μmol/L,与转染NC组细胞IC₅₀(26 μmol/L)相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：在卵巢癌耐紫杉醇细胞A2780/Taxol和乳腺癌耐阿霉素细胞MCF-7/ADM中,miRNA27a和miRNA451分别异常表达,它们可能分别通过间接或直接作用于MDR1/P-gp,参与肿瘤细胞耐药的发生、发展。     

PI-3K/Akt抑制剂LY294002对卵巢癌细胞A2780/Taxol多药耐药性的逆转作用

背景与目的:磷脂酰肌醇(phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase,PI-3K)可抑制细胞凋亡,对PI-3K抑制剂的研究可以更好地了解PI-3K的促癌机制,为多种癌症如卵巢癌、乳腺癌等的基因治疗提供线索。本研究目的在于探讨PI-3K/Akt信号通路抑制剂LY294002对卵巢癌耐紫杉醇细胞株A2780/Taxol多药耐药的逆转作用。方法:用LY294002处理A2780/Taxol细胞,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,MTT法检测细胞对紫杉醇的药物敏感性,RT-PCR检测MDR1mRNA的表达,Western blot方法分析LY294002作用前后磷酸化Akt及P-gp蛋白的表达。结果:10和50μmol/L LY294002干预A2780/Taxol细胞24h后,A2780/Taxol细胞凋亡率分别为(8.84±1.65)%和(20.78±2.47)%,显著高于未干预细胞的凋亡率(1.25±0.78)%(P<0.05);A2780/Taxol细胞对紫杉醇的半数抑制浓度(IC50)显著降低(P<0.01),相对逆转效率最高可达(78.08±0.37)%;MDR-1mRNA、磷酸化Akt及P-gp蛋白均明显降低。结论:PI-3K/Akt信号通路的激活与卵巢癌细胞多药耐药的产生有关,PI-3K/Akt抑制剂LY294002可逆转卵巢癌细胞A2780/Taxol的多药耐药。     

MDR1及MDR3短发夹RNA逆转乳腺癌细胞阿霉素耐药的实验研究

目的 研究靶向多药耐药(MDR)1及MDR3基因的短发夹RNA(shRNA)在逆转人乳腺癌阿霉素耐药细胞株MCF-7/Adr耐药中的作用.方法 真核质粒介导的针对MDR1及MDR3基因的shRNA转染细胞,空载体转染作为对照.Annexin-Ⅴ和PI双标法、流式细胞术、四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)、逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、免疫组化分别检测细胞凋亡、细胞内阿霉素蓄积、细胞增殖活性及对阿霉素的IC50、MDR1及MDR3 mRNA及P-糖蛋白(P-gp)表达.结果 转染后,MDR1组及MDR3组MCF-7/Adr细胞凋亡率分别为30.21%±1.65%和22.07%±2.17%,与未转染组和空载体转染组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);MCF-7/Adr细胞内的阿霉素积聚浓度显著增加;MCF-7/Adr细胞存活率显著下降,MCF-7/Adr细胞对阿霉素IC50显著降低;相对于空载体转染组,MCF-7/Adr细胞中MDR1和MDR3 mRNA最高分别下降89.5%±0.8%和85.1%±1.2%,mRNA下降水平与孵育时间有关;P-gp表达明显降低,与未转染组和空载体转染组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 shRNA可特异性地沉默MDR1及MDR3基因的表达,逆转P-gp介导的乳腺癌细胞阿霉素耐药,而MDR1的这种作用更为显著.     

乳腺癌多药耐药DEDD作用及机制研究

目的 死亡效应结构域DNA结合蛋白(death effector domain DNA-binging protein,DEDD)可抑制乳腺癌的生长和转移,但在乳腺癌多药耐药中的作用尚不明确.本研究将探讨DEDD在人乳腺癌多药耐药中的作用及机制.方法 通过转染DEDD-shRNA建立稳定敲低DEDD表达的MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞株,MTS实验检测多柔比星、紫杉醇对MCF-7 WT(Wild type,野生型)、MCF-7 control shRNA和MCF-7 DEDD-shRNA细胞活力的影响,Annexin-V和碘化丙啶(propidium iodide,PI)双染后流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡.蛋白质印迹法检测乳腺癌耐药蛋白(breast cancer resistance protein,BCRP)在药物干预后的蛋白表达水平.结果 多柔比星干预后,半数抑制浓度IC50的多因素方差分析结果显示,不同处理(F=89.49,P＜0.001)、不同时间(F=50.81,P＜0.001)组间比较差异有统计学意义.多柔比星干预24或48 h后,MCF-7 DEDD-shRNA的半数抑制浓度IC50分别为(0.97±0.15)和(0.62±0.09) μmol/L,明显高于MCF-7 WT(0.46±0.05)和(0.26±0.03) μmol/L和MCF-7 control shRNA细胞(0.39±0.05)和(0.25±0.03)μmol/L,P＜0.001.紫杉醇干预后,半数抑制浓度IC50的多因素方差分析结果显示,不同处理(F=15.94,P＜0.001)、不同时间组间(F=129.70,P＜0.001)比较差异有统计学意义.紫杉醇干预24或48 h后,MCF-7 DEDD-shRNA的半数抑制浓度IC50为(16.74±2.26)和(9.88±1.47) μmol/L,明显高于MCF-7 WT(13.39±1.44)和(7.69±0.92) μmol/L(P=0.001)和MCF-7 control shRNA细胞(12.58±1.15)和(7.17±1.12) μmol/L(P＜0.001).多柔比星干预后24 h后流式细胞凋亡结果显示,不同处理(F=131.46,P＜0.001)、不同浓度组间(F=160.95,P＜0.001)比较差异有统计学意义.正常培养状态下,MCF-7 control shRNA细胞和MCF-7 DEDD-shRNA细胞的凋亡率分别为(14.32±1.47)％和(11.58±1.63)％,而给予0.5μmol/L和1 μmol/L多柔比星作用24 h后,M[CF-7DEDD-shRNA细胞的凋亡率分别为(21.62±1.97)％和(24.39±2.36)％,明显低于MCF-7 control shRNA细的(36.26±1.87)％和(38.23±1.46)％,P＜0.001.同样,紫杉醇干预后24 h,不同处理(F=124.81,P＜0.001)、不同浓度组问(F=172.56,P＜0.001)细胞凋亡率比较差异有统计学意义.给予9.37和18.74 μmol/L紫杉醇作用24 h后,MCF-7DEDD-shRNA细胞的凋亡率分别为(30.26±1.63)％和(32.18±2.16)％,明显低于MCF-7 control shRNA组的(53.84±2.17)％和(58.27±2.16)％,P＜0.001.多柔比星作用后不同时间BCRP蛋白质印迹检测统计分析结果显示,不同处理(F=14.67,P＜0.001)、不同时间(F=6.39,P=0.006)组间BCRP蛋白表达比较差异有统计学意义.给予0.5 μmol/L多柔比星作用24 h后,3组细胞的BCRP相对表达水平分别为0.87±0.04、1.06±0.02和5.25±0.18.MCF-7 DEDD-shRNA细胞组BCRP蛋白的表达水平显著高于MCF-7 WT和MCF-7 control shRNA细胞组,P＜0.001.多柔比星作用48 h后,3组细胞的BCRP相对表达水平分别为1.06±0.01、0.97±0.04和2.98±0.13.MCF-7 DEDD-shRNA细胞组BCRP蛋白的表达水平出现回落,但仍显著高于MCF-7 WT和MCF-7 control shRNA细胞组,P＜0.001.同样,紫杉醇作用后不同时间BCRP蛋白质印迹检测统计分析结果显示,不同处理(F=7.26,P=0.004)、不同时间(F=8.32,P=0.002)组间BCRP蛋白表达比较差异有统计学意义.给予9.37 μmol/L紫杉醇作用24 h后,3组细胞的BCRP相对表达水平分别为0.81±0.05、2.25±0.10和1.78±0.14.其中MCF-7 control shRNA组细胞BCRP表达水平高于MCF-7 WT (P＜0.001)和MCF-7 DEDD-shRNA (P=0.002)组.而紫杉醇作用48 h后,3组细胞的BCRP相对表达水平分别为0.73±0.04、1.73±0.05和3.12±0.12,MCF-7 DEDD-shRNA细胞组BCRP蛋白的表达水平继续增高,且显著高于MCF-7 WT和MCF-7 control shRNA细胞组,P＜0.001.结论 敲低DEDD表达可增强乳腺癌细胞的抗肿瘤药耐药性,BCRP的表达增加可能是低表达DEDD乳腺癌细胞多药耐药的机制之一.     

PI3K特异性抑制剂LY294002对卵巢癌紫杉醇耐药细胞株逆转作用的研究

  目的  研究磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶（PI3K）特异性抑制剂LY294002对卵巢癌紫杉醇耐药细胞株（A2780/Taxol）多药耐药逆转的影响。  方法  将PI3K特异性抑制剂LY294002处理卵巢癌紫杉醇耐药细胞24 h后, 用CCK-8（Cell Counting Kit-8）法检测细胞的增殖速度、对紫杉醇敏感性的分析; 采用流式细胞技术检测细胞周期和凋亡。应用Western blot检测细胞中P-glycoprotein（P-gp）、Akt和p-Akt蛋白的表达情况。  结果  用LY294002处理A2780/Taxol细胞后细胞增殖速度变慢、对紫杉醇的半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）降低。实验组和对照组细胞的凋亡率分别是（2.64±0.90）%和（10.98±1.16）%（P < 0.05）。LY294002处理后的G₀/G₁期细胞增加, S期明显减少, 差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。LY294002处理后的细胞与对照组相比P-gp和p-Akt的蛋白表达降低。  结论  LY294002能够有效的逆转卵巢癌紫杉醇耐药细胞A2780/Taxol产生的多药耐药。      

基因RNA干扰载体的构建及其对乳腺癌细胞耐药性的影响

目的:构建针对CIAPIN1基因的慢病毒siRNA表达载体并稳定转染人乳腺癌多柔比星耐药细胞MCF-7/ADM,观察该基因对乳腺癌细胞耐药性的影响。方法:设计合成针对CIAPIN1的siRNA重组质粒表达载体,并筛选出最有效的干扰序列,使用病毒包装系统进行慢病毒颗粒的包装和生产,获取ADM-CIAPIN1 RNAi稳定表达细胞株;MTT法检测CIAPIN1基因干扰前后细胞对于不同化疗药物IC50值的变化。结果:测序验证针对CIAPIN1的siRNA重组质粒构建成功,并筛选CIAP-IN1-siRNA1为最佳干扰序列;以慢病毒为载体将干扰表达质粒稳定转染入乳腺癌细胞MCF-7/ADM后,抑制CIAPIN1表达水平超过88%。RNA干扰后紫杉醇、多柔比星及吉西他滨3种抗肿瘤药物对于MCF-7/ADM细胞的IC50值均显著下降[(7.12±0.31)、(11.21±1.79)、(49.72±4.52)vs(1.13±0.06)、(4.51±0.20)、(18.30±1.27)μg/ml,P<0.01],说明该细胞的耐药性明显减弱。结论:针对CIAPIN1基因的慢病毒siRNA表达载体可以有效抑制MCF-7/ADM细胞中该基因的表达,CIAPIN1基因表达下调可使乳腺癌细胞的多药耐药性发生逆转。     

MDR1基因短发卡样RNA表达载体逆转K562/A02人白血病细胞多药耐药的研究

目的构建MDR1基因短发卡样RNA(shRNA)真核表达载体,观察对K562/A02人白血病细胞株MDR1基因的沉默作用以及对P-糖蛋白(P-gp)表达及功能的影响。方法以基因重组技术构建表达质粒,转染重组质粒pEGFP-C1/U6/MDR1-A和pEGFP-C1/U6/MDR1-B至K562/A02细胞株,通过半定量RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹法,检测MDR1基因表达及P-gp表达水平的变化;以MTT法检测阿霉素(ADM)对K562/A02细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC_(50));高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测细胞内ADM含量。结果构建的2种重组质粒pEGFP-C1/U6/MDR1-A和pEGFP-C1/U6/MDR1-B均明显抑制K562/A02细胞株MDR1基因表达,抑制率最高为48．2%±2．5%;同时抑制P-gp蛋白的表达,抑制率最高为50．67%。对ADM药物敏感性的相对逆转效率分别为40．8%和62．4%;同时使K562/ A02细胞内ADM含量增加。结论shRNA表达载体可明显抑制K562/A02细胞MDR1 mRNA的转录和P-gp蛋白的表达,增加K562/A02细胞内ADM含量,恢复K562/A02细胞对化疗药物的敏感性,逆转MDR1基因编码蛋白P-gp介导的多药耐药。     

DNA-PKcs短发夹RNA载体的构建及其表达

目的构建DNA-PKcsshRNA表达载体,观察该基因的抑制对A2780细胞增殖活性的影响。方法将针对人DNA-PKcs基因的不同部位设计的shRNA插入到真核表达质粒并转染人卵巢A2780细胞,RT-PCR和WesterBlot检测其对该基因mRNA和蛋白水平的抑制效率,MTT法测定DNA-PKcs基因的抑制对肿瘤细胞增殖活性的影响。结果 DNA测序分析证实DNA-PKcs shRNA表达载体pSIRENDNA-PKcs shRNA构建成功并在细胞中表达,转染重组载体的A2780细胞DNA-PKcs的表达在mRNA和蛋白水平均明显下降;重组载体转染细胞增殖活性明显降低。结论成功构建DNA-PKcs shRNA表达载体为进一步研究DNA损伤修复基因DNA-PKcs奠定了基础;DNA-PKcs表达的抑制可能会导致肿瘤细胞增殖活性降低。     

低氧影响卵巢癌细胞对泰素的敏感性及其机制

目的研究低氧、低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)对卵巢癌细胞多药耐药基因(mdr-1)及其编码P-糖蛋白(P-gp)表达的调控,探讨低氧影响卵巢癌细胞对泰素的敏感性及其机制。方法对常氧(21%O2)和低氧(1%O2、5%O2)培养的A2780细胞,应用免疫细胞化学、逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)、蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)和四氮唑蓝(MTT)法等,检测HIF-1αmRNA、蛋白以及mdr-1、P-gp的表达水平和对泰素的敏感性。利用RNA干扰(RNAi)技术,构建针对HIF-1α的短发夹状干扰RNA真核表达载体pSiHIF-1α,并转染A2780细胞,检测转染后HIF-1α的基因沉默效果、对mdr-1和P-gp表达的影响及其对泰素敏感性的改变。结果低氧能显著诱导A2780细胞HIF-1αmRNA和蛋白表达水平的上调,HIF-1αmRNA的表达水平与低氧浓度无关,而HIF-1α蛋白表达呈低氧浓度依赖性;低氧能诱导A2780细胞的表达上调,且呈低氧浓度依赖性;低氧A2780细胞对泰素的敏感性较常氧明显降低(P<0.05)。pSiHIF-1α转染后,低氧A2780细胞能显著下调HIF-1α的表达,明显抑制mdr-1和P-gp的表达,其对泰素的敏感性显著增加。结论低氧能降低A2780细胞对泰素的敏感性,其机制可能是通过HIF-1α调控mdr-1和P-gp的表达而实现的。     

短发卡状RNA抑制AKT2基因表达增强卵巢癌细胞对紫杉醇敏感性的研究

目的：构建AKT2基因特异性短发卡状RNA（shRNA）真核表达载体,观察RNA干扰（RNAi）技术,对人卵巢癌A2780和SKOV3细胞中AKT2蛋白激酶表达的抑制作用,并探讨其促进细胞凋亡的机制。方法：运用基因工程技术,设计合成针对AKT2mRNA的特异性shRNA,构建真核表达载体pAKT2-shRNA。将pAKT2-shRNA经脂质体（Lipofectamine^TM 2000）包裹转染人卵巢癌A2780和SKOV3细胞,荧光显微镜观察细胞内DsRed红色荧光蛋白的表达,计算转染效率,半定量RT—PCR（Semi-quantitative RT-PCR）、蛋白质免疫印迹（Western blot）检测AKT2的表达及干扰效率,流式细胞学检测法（FACS）检测细胞凋亡率,比较抑制AKT2基因前后卵巢癌细胞抵抗凋亡能力。结果：成功构建了PAKT2-ShRNA载体。A2780和SKOV3细胞转染pAKT2-shRNA后,荧光显微镜下观察转染效率约40％;Semi-quantitative RT-PCR和Western blot检测结果示,转染后AKT2 mRNA和蛋白表达均显著降低。FACS检测结果显示,转染pAKT2-shRNA后,紫杉醇25nmol／L处理细胞12h,与空白对照组和阴性对照组相比,细胞凋亡率显著增加,P〈0．05。结论：构建的pAKT2-shRNA真核表达载体能有效抑制AKT2基因表达;运用RNAi技术,降低卵巢癌细胞中AKT2基因表达水平,能增强肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

抑制Rab25基因表达的人NSCLC厄洛替尼耐药细胞PC9/ER的建立

目的 Rab25在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)等多种肿瘤中过度表达,提示其可能在NSCLC的发生发展及耐药形成中发挥重要作用.为进一步探讨Rab25的功能及其在NSCLC酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors,EGFR-TKIs)耐药形成中的作用,建立稳定慢病毒介导的shRNA靶向干扰Rab25基因人非小细胞肺癌厄洛替尼耐药细胞PC9/ER稳定株.方法 实时定量PCR(real-time PCR,RT-PCR)检测PC9/ER及PC9细胞中Rab25基因mRNA的相对表达情况.筛选出Rab25基因的RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)有效靶序列,合成靶序列的Oligo DNA并构建GV248 shRNA-Rab25慢病毒载体,酶切和测序鉴定正确后,经病毒包装,感染PC9/ER细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选稳定表达细胞株.RT-PCR鉴定PC9/ER的表达,CCK-8检测对厄洛替尼的敏感性.结果 PC9/ER细胞中Rab25基因的mRNA表达水平显著高于PC9细胞.构建的重组慢病毒质粒经测序鉴定正确.RT-PCR证实,干扰Rab25后,PC9/ER细胞株中Rab25表达水平明显降低,抑制率为88.3％.通过传代10次后,PC9ER-Rab25i稳定细胞株中Rab25基因的mRNA表达水平显著低于阴性对照组,P＜0.05.PC9ER-Rab25i稳定细胞株的IC50为(2.133±0.222) μmol/L,显著低于阴性对照组的(6.375±0.799) μmol/L,P=0.007.结论 成功构建了Rab25-shRNA慢病毒表达载体,建立了稳定抑制Rab25基因表达的人NSCLC厄洛替尼耐药细胞PC9/ER,初步验证Rab25基因能够改善肺癌EGFR-TKIs获得性耐药,为进一步研究Rab25在NSCLCEGFR-TKIs获得性耐药的机制及逆转其获得性耐药提供了可靠的细胞模型.     

Silencing of Twist Expression by RNA Interference Suppresses Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition,Invasion, and Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the role of the Twist gene in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition ofovarian cancer. Methods: An RNA interference plasmid expressing a small interfering RNA (siRNA)-targetingTwist (Twist siRNA vector) was designed, constructed, and transfected into the human ovarian cancer cell lineA2780. Transfection efficiency was assessed under a fluorescence microscope. Changes in the expression of TwistmRNA in A2780 after transfection with the pGenesil Twist shRNA plasmid were analyzed through RT-PCR.MTT assays and adhesion experiments were applied to determine changes in proliferation and adhesion abilityof A2870 after transfection with the Twist shRNA plasmid. Changes in the expression of the E-cadherin andN-cadherin proteins in A2780 after transfection with the Twist shRNA plasmid were analyzed using Westernblotting. Result: The restructuring plasmid pGenesil-Twist shRNA was constructed successfully. After 48 h ofculture, 80% of the cells expressed high-intensity GFP fluorescence and stability. The expression of Twist decreasedsignificantly after the transfection of the Twist shRNA plasmid (P<0.05). Proliferation of the transfected TwistshRNA cells showed no difference with that of the A2780-nontransfection or A2780-si-control groups (P>0.05) butthe adhesion ability of A2780 decreased dramatically (P<0.05). Expression of the E-cadherin protein increased,whereas that of the N-cadherin protein decreased compared with that in the A2780-nontransfection or A2780-si-control groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Twist is essential for epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, andmetastasis of ovarian cancer.     

SLC22A18基因对人胶质瘤U251细胞化疗药物敏感性的影响

目的:探讨印记基因SLC22A18 (solute carrier family 22,member 18)对人胶质瘤U251细胞化疗药物敏感性的影响及耐药机制的研究.方法:采用脂质体转染法将携带有SLC22A 18基因的重组质粒pIRES2-EGFP-SLC22A18转入U251细胞;分别采用RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹法检测SLC22A18 mRNA及蛋白在转染后U251细胞中的表达情况;CCK-8法检测细胞对化疗药物敏感性的变化;FCM法检测SLC22A18表达对细胞凋亡以及对多柔比星在细胞内蓄积浓度的影响.结果:转染SLC22A18基因的U251细胞中有SLC22A18 mRNA及其蛋白的表达;SLC22A18基因转染组U251细胞与对照组细胞比较,U251细胞对紫杉醇的敏感性下降,半数抑制浓度(half inhibitory concentration,IC50)值上升(t=3.23,P＜0.05),对替莫唑胺的敏感性上升,IC50值下降(t=4.28,P＜0.05).SLC22A18基因转染组和空质粒转染组细胞凋亡率分别为(41.35±4.98)％和(6.25±0.82)％,差异有统计学意义(t=12.05,P＜ 0.01).SLC22A18表达使细胞内多柔比星蓄积浓度明显下降(t=4.25,P＜0.05).结论:SLC22A18表达使人胶质瘤U251细胞对紫杉醇的敏感性下降,对替莫唑胺的敏感性提高,并可能通过降低细胞内化疗药物蓄积产生耐药性.     

干扰组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1基因对急性白血病HL-60和SHI-1细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的：探讨shRNA干扰组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1（LSD1）基因对急性白血病（AL）细胞增殖与凋亡的影响。方法构建慢病毒载体介导LSD1干扰的AL稳定细胞株HL-60和SHI-1,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）和Western blot方法检测两细胞株LSD1抑制效果,通过四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法检测细胞增殖,采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果 LSD1干扰后,HL-60和SHI-1细胞株的LSD1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平（mRNA：0.242±0.023、0.207±0.006,蛋白：0.256±0.015、0.486±0.042）较未经转染处理的空白对照组（mRNA：1.021±0.178、1.039±0.395,蛋白：0.552±0.026、0.754±0.060）和空载体阴性对照组（shNC组）（mRNA：0.935±0.136、1.016±0.203,蛋白：0.500±0.026、0.750±0.049）均下调（P＜0.05）,且细胞增殖水平（吸光度值分别为0.712±0.010、0.549±0.007）低于空白对照组（吸光度值分别为0.823±0.010、0.625±0.005）和shNC组（吸光度值分别为0.818±0.019、0.621±0.003）（P＜0.05）,而细胞凋亡率[（32.80±1.35）%、（23.49±1.40）%]高于空白对照组[（8.08±0.62）%、（7.28±1.17）%]和shNC组[（8.00±0.32）%、（7.19±0.65）%]（P＜0.05）。结论慢病毒载体介导的shRNA干扰LSD1使AL细胞株HL-60和SHI-1增殖受抑制,凋亡增加。 LSD1有可能成为AL的生物分子标志和治疗新靶点。     

米非司酮逆转人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7/ADR耐多柔比星机制的探讨

目的 探讨米非司酮对乳腺癌耐药细胞株MCF-7/ADR的逆转耐药作用.方法 以亲本乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和耐多柔比星(阿霉素)乳腺癌细胞MCF-7/ADR为研究对象,分别应用MIF进行干预后,流式细胞仪检测MIF作用前后瘤细胞P-gp的表达、细胞内阿霉素蓄积量的变化以及细胞周期的分布.结果 (1)10 μmol/L MIF作用72小时后,MCF-7/ADR细胞P-gp表达率[(23.21±1.80)％]明显高于MCF-7细胞[(19.37±2.37)％,P＜0.05].(2)5 μmol/L ADR处理后,MCF-7/ADR细胞内ADR蓄积量为(47.13±4.11)％,低于MCF-7细胞[(60.24±2.61)％,P＜0.05].(3) 10 μmol/L MIF联合5 μmol/L ADR处理细胞,MCF-7/ADR和MCF-7细胞内ADR的蓄积量分别为(82.72±2.42)％及(88.63±2.75)％ (P ＞0.05);但均较单用ADR时升高(均P＜0.01).(4) MIF作用前,MCF-7/ADR细胞G0/G1期比例[(77.21±3.10)％]高于MCF-7细胞G0/G1期比例[(59.05±2.16)％,P＜0.05];MCF-7/ADR细胞S期比例明显低于MCF-7细胞(P＜0.05).经10 μmol/L MIF作用后,MCF-7细胞G0/G1期比例(75.28±2.53)％较MIF作用前明显升高(P＜0.05);S期比例则较MIF作用前显著降低(P＜0.05);MCF-7/ADR细胞G0/G1期比例和S期比例分别为(80.13±2.72)％及(13.52±1.03)％,与MIF作用前比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);两种瘤细胞的G2/M期比例与MIF作用无关(P＞0.05).结论 (1)MIF可以逆转MCF-7/ADR的耐药性,其作用机制与降低细胞P-gp含量、增加细胞内ADR蓄积量有关.(2) 10 μmol/L浓度的MIF对MCF-7/ADR细胞周期分布影响不大.     

Gene therapy for ovarian cancer using adenovirus-mediated transfer of cytosine deaminase gene and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase gene directed by MDR1 promoter

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the specific killing effects of the adenoviral vector in which the CD::UPP genes were directed by the MDR1 promoter on Taxol-resistance ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Taxol-resistance (A2780/Taxol, SKOV3/Taxol) ovarian cancer cells and Taxol-sensitive (A2780, SKOV3) ovarian cancer cells were infected with adenovirus vector carrying the CD::UPP gene driven by the MDR1 promoter, followed with 5-fluorocytosine administration. Sensitivity to 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) was analyzed. The AdMDR1-CD::UPP was subcutaneously injected into the xenografts of the nude mice and 5-FC intraperitoneally. The overall survival and anti-tumor effects were observed. RESULTS: In vitro, AdMDR1-CD::UPP showed a stronger cytotoxicity in A2780/Taxol cells and SKOV3/Taxol cells than that in A2780 cells and SKOV3 cells. Subcutaneous injection of AdMDR1-CD::UPP into the xenografts of mice bearing tumors of A2780/Taxol cells could significantly suppress the tumor growth and prolong survival as compared with the group of A2780 cells. CONCLUSION: AdMDR1-CD::UPP in combination with 5-FC is an effective approach to suppress the growth of Taxol-resistant ovarian cancer.     

P-glycoprotein inhibition by the multidrug resistance-reversing agent MS-209 enhances bioavailability and antitumor efficacy of orally administered paclitaxel

PURPOSE: Recent studies in humans and mice have demonstrated that intestinal P-glycoprotein plays a causative role in the limited absorption of orally administered paclitaxel. Multidrug resistance (MDR)-reversing agents, such as cyclosporin A and PSC 833, are known to increase the systemic exposure to orally administered paclitaxel by enhancing absorption in the intestinal tract and decreasing elimination via the biliary tract. In this study, we demonstrated that coadministration of the MDR-reversing agent MS-209, which is known to inhibit P-glycoprotein function by direct interaction, improved the bioavailability of orally administered paclitaxel and consequently enhanced its antitumor activity. METHODS: The pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel were examined by measuring [(3)H]paclitaxel in plasma drawn from rats and mice given the drug with or without MS-209. The influence of MS-209 on the intestinal transport of [(3)H]paclitaxel was studied using a human colorectal cancer cell line, Caco-2. The in vivo efficacy of orally administered paclitaxel in combination with MS-209 was further evaluated in B16 melanoma-bearing mice. RESULTS: The plasma concentration of [(3)H]paclitaxel following oral administration was significantly increased by coadministration of MS-209 at 100 mg/kg in both rats and mice. In rats, the AUC of [(3)H]paclitaxel following oral administration was strikingly increased (1.9-fold) by coadministration of MS-209, whereas the AUC of [(3)H]paclitaxel following i.v. injection was slightly increased (1.3-fold) by MS-209. The increase in apparent bioavailability of oral paclitaxel due to MS-209 was 1.4-fold. To demonstrate this enhancing action in vitro, we studied the influence of MS-209 on the transport of [(3)H]paclitaxel using Caco-2 cells, which is a well-known model of intestinal efflux. The transport of [(3)H]paclitaxel across the Caco-2 monolayer was markedly inhibited in the presence of MS-209, and the apparent K(i)of MS-209 for the active transport of [(3)H]paclitaxel was 0.4 microM. Moreover, paclitaxel administered orally at 100 mg/kg per day with MS-209 at 100 mg/kg per day showed significant antitumor activity in B16 melanoma-bearing mice, whereas paclitaxel administered orally alone at the same dose showed no antitumor activity. These results suggest that the coadministration of MS-209 improved low systemic exposure to paclitaxel through inhibition of P-glycoprotein, which is involved in drug excretion via the intestinal tract, resulting in a clear antitumor activity of paclitaxel administered orally. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that coadministration of MS-209 may be a useful way to improve the bioavailability of drugs not suitable for oral administration due to elimination via the intestinal tract.     

mTOR信号通路调控结直肠癌LoVo/ADR细胞多药耐药性的可能机制

目的:通过雷帕霉素(rapamycin,RAPA)抑制哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶分子(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)通路,观察结直肠癌多药耐药LoVo/ADR细胞对多柔比星的敏感性、自噬、凋亡及多药耐药基因1(multidrug resistance gene 1,MDR1)表达的变化,探讨mTOR通路调控结直肠癌多药耐药的可能机制.方法:多柔比星联合RAPA作用后,MTT法检测多柔比星对LoVo/ADR细胞的半数抑制浓度(half inhibitory concentration,IC50)值;多柔比星和RAPA单独或联合作用后,在透射电子显微镜和荧光显微镜下观察LoVo/ADR细胞自噬体的形成,FCM分析细胞的自噬率和细胞凋亡率;RAPA作用后,RT-PCR和免疫细胞化学法分别检测LoVo/ADR细胞中MDR1 mRNA和P-糖蛋白的表达.结果:25和50 μmol/L RAPA作用下,多柔比星对LoVo/ADR细胞的IC50值均低于不加RAPA的对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对照组LoVo/ADR细胞中很少或几乎看不到自噬体或点状绿色荧光分布,细胞自噬率为(2.9±0.4)％;多柔比星组和RAPA组LoVo/ADR细胞中可见自噬体形成,散在点状绿色荧光分布于细胞质及细胞核周围,细胞自噬率分别为(35.5±5.4)％和(46.7±6.7)％,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多柔比星联合RAPA组LoVo/ADR细胞中可见大量自噬体形成,细胞的自噬率为(73.1±7.4)％,显著高于多柔比星或RAPA单独作用组(P＜0.05).RAPA组和多柔比星组的细胞凋亡率分别为(2.06±0.43)％和(48.39±6.47)％,多柔比星组的细胞凋亡率高于对照组(2.23±0.50)％(P＜0.05);多柔比星联合RAPA组的细胞凋亡率为(79.43±8.28)％,高于多柔比星组(P＜0.05).RAPA作用后,LoVo/ADR细胞中MDR1 mRNA和P-糖蛋白表达下调.结论:抑制mTOR通路具有逆转结直肠癌细胞多药耐药性的作用,其机制可能与RAPA促使耐药细胞自噬、凋亡及下调MDR1 mRNA的表达有关.     

Study on inhibition of growth of ACHN cells via shRNA expression vector-mediated cyclinE1 gene silencing

OBJECTIVE To explore the inhibition of ACHN cells via shRNA expression vector mediated cyclinE1 gene silencing.METHODS The shRNA targeting at cyclinE1 gene was designed and synthesized. By ligation, the fragment was inserted into pGenesil-1-U6 to construct the recombinant plasmid pGenesil-1- U6-cyclinE1. The identified recombinant plasmid was introduced into ACHN cells with lipofectamine 2000. The inhibition of cyclinE1 mRNA and protein expression were analyzed by RT-PCR and western-blotting. MTT method was used for observing cell proliferation and drawing growth curve. The cell cycle and ratios of apoptotic cell were assessed by flow cytometric detection. The ability of invasion and speed of cell migration were detected by transwell chamber invasive models and cell scratch method.RESULTS The inhibition of expression of cyclinE1 in ACHN cells mediated by recombinant vector (0.0933 ± 0.05) was significantly lower than that in the group of transfected with empty vector (0.8827 ± 0.04) and the control group (0.9021 ± 0.03) (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that recombinant cells were blocked in the G1 phase and the apoptotic ratio was increased significantly (11.15 ± 4.00)% (P < 0.05). The curves of cell growth indicated that the proliferation of cell transfected with recombinant plasmid was inhibited significantly compared with that in control group (P <0.05). The results of transwell and cell scratch suggested that the abilities of invasion and migration of the cells transfected with recombinant plasmid were decreased conspicuously (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION The expression of cyclinE1 could be inhibited successfully by RNA interference induced by shRNA expression vector. This consequently inhibits the cell growth and induces apoptosis. Our study provided a preliminary result in searching of RNA interference (RNAi) therapy for renal cell carcinoma.