股前外侧皮瓣修复口底癌术后缺损

目的:评价股前外侧皮瓣在口底癌术后缺损修复中的应用价值.方法: 2005年3月至2007年6月,应用吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣一期修复口底癌术后缺损10例.皮瓣大小为12cm×5cm至6cm×4cm.结果:10例皮瓣全部成活,外观满意.口腔功能基本恢复.随访2月到26个月,10例患者均健在.其中1例于术后6个月局部复发,再次行局部扩大切除及股前外侧皮瓣修复.结论: 吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣血管蒂长,血管口径大,供瓣区隐蔽.是一种适合口底缺损修复的游离皮瓣.     

应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复头颈部软组织缺损

背景与目的：股前外侧皮瓣（ALT）对供区创伤小,有独特优点,但目前临床应用还不常见。本文探讨应用ALT皮瓣修复头颈部软组织缺损的临床价值。方法：回顾2004年11月至2008年5月期间于中山大学肿瘤医治中心20例应用ALT皮瓣修复重建头颈部软组织缺损的病例资料。总结皮瓣切取的技术细节。报告术中解剖和成功率。结果：20例游离股前外侧皮瓣修复头颈部软组织缺损均获成功。ALT皮瓣血管蒂长介于5～14cm,平均9．9cm。切取的面积介于（4～9cm）×（6～16cm）。皮肤穿支的解剖类型分为肌间隔穿支4例（占20％）,肌皮穿支16例（占80％）。股前外侧皮瓣用于修复的头颈部缺损包括口腔内黏膜缺损14例（其中修复舌体及口底9例、口颊黏膜3例、硬腭1例、以及磨牙后区黏膜1例）．面部及颈部皮肤缺损6例。皮瓣供区除1例以外均可一期缝合。结论：股前外侧皮瓣是头颈部各种软组织缺损修复重建中一个很有价值和应用潜力的供区,具有成功率高,对供区影响小的特点。     

超长下斜方肌肌皮瓣在头部肿瘤术中的应用

应用超长下外方肌肌皮瓣修复头部肿瘤术后缺损３例，效果满意。颈横动脉发出后于肩胛上角外上方１．５ｃｍ处分为深、浅两支，浅降支即为该皮瓣的轴型血管，此点即为皮瓣的旋转轴心。皮的远端可超出斜方肌范围，达肩胛下角下方１７ｃｍ，属任意筋膜皮瓣，皮瓣面积最大达３６ｃｍ×１２ｃｍ，肌肉血管蒂长１６ｃｍ，基本满足颅顶及上颌面部肿瘤切除后修复的需要。皮瓣供区隐蔽，对肩部功能无影响；采用逆行法切取皮瓣，操作简单，不易损伤血管蒂；病人取头低后侧卧位，术中不需要变换体位。     

应用折叠型游离股前外侧皮瓣修复面颊贯通性缺损12例

目的：探讨折叠型游离股前外侧皮瓣在修复面颊贯通性缺损中的临床应用效果。方法：2010年1月至2014年10月,在中山大学附属肿瘤防治中心应用折叠型游离股前外侧皮瓣修复12例面颊贯通性缺损的患者。分析获取游离股前外侧皮瓣的手术过程、血管吻合技巧以及皮瓣存活率。结果：11例皮瓣存活,1例因术后静脉血栓形成而坏死。在12例患者中,游离股前外侧皮瓣的供区均一期缝合,供区的线性瘢痕隐蔽性好,且供区大腿的功能不受影响。结论：游离股前外侧皮瓣具有良好的可塑性,折叠后可同时修复面颊贯通性缺损的内侧及外侧,具有供区并发症少、外观易接受及患者满意率高的优点。     

游离股前外侧皮瓣修复口腔癌术后缺损的初步观察

目的 探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣在口腔癌术后缺损修复中的应用效果.方法 回顾分析2004年12月至2007年8月完成的11例游离股前外侧皮瓣移植病例.分析皮瓣的设计、皮瓣成活情况、术后并发症及影响组织瓣成活的各种因素.结果 11例游离皮瓣中,面积8 cm×5 cm至12 cm×7 cm,平均10.2 cm×6.2 cm,除1例术后14 h出现血管危象,经抢救失败后,放弃皮瓣,其余10例皮瓣全部存活.结论 游离股前外侧皮瓣在口腔癌术后缺损的修复中具有较大灵活性,组织丰实,供区隐蔽,值得临床进一步应用.     

股前外侧肌皮瓣在舌根缺损修复中的应用

目的 探讨股前外侧肌皮瓣修复舌根缺损的效果。方法 应用股前外侧肌皮瓣修复舌根鳞癌术后缺损一例，术后随访。结果 术后创口一期愈合，一年后随访舌体外形良好，吞咽及语言功能满意。结论 该肌皮瓣动脉血管蒂恒定、皮下脂肪较厚，适于修复舌根软组织缺损；皮瓣血管口径较大．易于吻合；供区隐蔽，取瓣方便。     

各种皮瓣在足底负重区恶性黑色素瘤术后缺损修复中的应用

目的：探讨足底内侧皮瓣、局部逆行岛状皮辫、外踝上穿支皮瓣、内踝上穿支皮瓣和游离股前外侧皮瓣修复足底负重区恶性黑色素瘤广泛切除术后缺损的优缺点。方法：浙江省肿瘤医院骨和软组织肿瘤外科2010-01-13-2013-12～25收治的23例足底负重区皮肤恶性黑色素瘤患者,进行原发灶广泛切除后分别采用足底内侧皮瓣、局部逆行岛状皮瓣、外踝上穿支皮瓣、内踝上穿支皮瓣及游离股前外侧皮瓣进行修复,对其临床资料和随访结果进行分析。结果：术后缺损面积为4cm×4cm～11cm×9cm,切取皮瓣面积5cmX5cm～12cm×10cm。14倒足底内侧皮瓣全部成活,其中皮瓣最大切取面积为7cm×7cm。1例局部逆行岛状皮瓣出现小部分坏死,二期愈合,4例外踝上及内踝上穿支皮瓣全部成活,其中皮瓣最大切取面积为12cm×10cm。4例游离股前外侧皮瓣中,3例成活,1例皮瓣出现远端部分浅表性坏死,经换药后愈合。所有患者无继发性渍疡出现,患足均可无痛行走。2例行足底内侧皮瓣修复术后出现局部复发。结论：各种皮瓣修复足底黑色素瘤术后缺损均可获得较好疗效,对较小足根部的缺损（直径〈8cm）首选足底内侧皮瓣,较大的缺损可采用内外踝上穿支皮瓣,有显微外科条件的可考虑游离股前外侧皮瓣修复局部皮瓣不能覆盖的缺损。     

副鼻窦肿瘤累及前颅底的术式探讨

为了探讨副鼻窦肿瘤累及前颅底的手术入路及颅底修复的方法,分析了７例鼻窦肿瘤累及前颅底而行颅底切除的病例资料。采用单一面部切口者２例,颅面联合入路者５例。颅底缺损２ｃｍ×３ｃｍ至６ｃｍ×５ｃｍ。修复采用开颅时形成的颅骨膜瓣２例、颞肌瓣２例、带蒂前额皮瓣１例,未修复２例。近期发生并发症２例（脑脊液漏和鼻旁切口裂开各１例）,未发生脑膜膨出。全组有５例已存活３～５８个月。结果表明前颅底手术是安全的,前颅底缺损不一定要行骨质的修复。     

薄型股前外侧皮瓣修复舌癌术后软组织缺损的疗效分析

目的探讨薄型股前外侧皮瓣修复舌癌术后软组织缺损的效果。方法选取90例舌癌术后软组织缺损部软组织缺损患者,根据修复方法的不同分为薄型股前外侧皮瓣、前臂桡侧游离皮瓣、小腿内侧游离皮瓣各30例。皮瓣切取平均面积为(1.2×1.5)cm^2^1.8×2.5cm^2,比较3种手术方式的有效率及舌癌术后软组织缺损修复的满意度。结果 3种手术方式有效率间没有明显差异,无统计学意义(P=0.075);薄型股前外侧皮瓣修复舌癌术后软组织缺损满意度明显优于其他方法,具有统计学意义(P=0.069)。结论对舌癌术后软组织缺损部软组织缺损患者采用不同部位的游离皮瓣修复均取得了良好的修复效果,其中薄型股前外侧皮瓣修复满意度明显高于其他方法,提高患者的康复效果。     

足底内侧皮瓣在足底恶性黑色素瘤治疗中的应用

1991～ 1998年 ,我院共收治足底恶性黑色素瘤患者 2 0例 ,其中 12例应用带血管神经束的岛状足底内侧皮瓣 ,顺行或逆行转移修复足底负重区软组织缺损 ,取得了满意的临床效果 ,较好地恢复了足的功能。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料本组共 12例 ,男 8例 ,女 4例 ;年龄最大 6 5岁 ,最小 36岁 ,平均年龄 5 2岁。肿瘤发生的部位 :足跟部 9例 ,足底前区内侧2例 ,足底前区外侧 1例。肿瘤最大直径 4 8ｃｍ ,最小 2ｃｍ ,平均直径 3 2ｃｍ。肿瘤切除后足底软组织缺损最大为 9ｃｍ× 8ｃｍ ,最小为 4ｃｍ× 4ｃｍ。1.2　手术方法其中 9例行足底内侧皮瓣顺行…     

多种组织瓣在口颊缺损重建中的应用

背景与目的：合理采用组织瓣进行口颊缺损重建,可以扩大口颊癌手术指征,改善患者的生存质量,延长患者生命。本研究目的是探讨组织瓣重建口颊缺损的指征,不同组织瓣的选择以及重建的手术技巧。方法：2005年9月至2007年8月间共行26例组织瓣重建口颊缺损手术,其中单纯口颊粘膜切除8例;口颊大型缺损18例,其中包括口颊面部皮肤洞穿切除11例,口颊、皮肤以及口角全缺损切除7例。26例患者中有7例行腮腺导管切除。胸大肌肌皮瓣转移重建5例,游离前臂桡侧皮瓣重建11例,游离股前外侧皮瓣6例,胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣4例。8例患者行术后放疗,剂量为66～70Gy。结果：围术期无死亡病例,1例皮瓣坏死,为游离前臂皮瓣重建病例;1例皮瓣部分坏死,为胸大肌肌皮瓣重建病例。皮瓣成功率为96．2％（25／26）。1例伤口积液,为涎腺瘘。所有患者均随访1-3年,7例复发患者中4例为原发灶复发,3例为颈部淋巴结复发。随访期间2例患者死亡,均为原发灶局部复发者。结论：游离股前外侧皮瓣和游离前臂皮瓣是重建口颊大型缺损的良好皮瓣,是大于4cm的口颊缺损的首选：胸大肌肌皮瓣可作为口颊大型缺损重建的备用皮瓣;小于4cm的口颊缺损可选用胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣。     

Single perforator based anterolateral thigh flap for reconstruction of large composite defects of oral cavity

Composite defects of oral cavity are a reconstructive challenge. Anterolateral thigh flap provides large and pliable tissue for reconstruction of these defects. However, wide variations in the vascular anatomy, variable perforator number and location are reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of single perforator based large anterolateral thigh for reconstruction of complex oral cavity defects following ablative surgery. We report a series of 25 consecutive patients who underwent reconstruction of oral cavity defects with anterolateral thigh flap based on single perforator between August 2009 and August 2010. The mean flap dimension was 261cm(2) (range 80-540cm(2)). In 21 patients the flap was bi-paddled and used for inner and outer lining for cheek. None of the flaps developed perforator insufficiency. Two flaps were lost due to delayed neck wound sepsis after 7th post operative day. This study establishes safety and reliability of using a large and/or bi-paddled anterolateral thigh flap based on single perforator for reconstruction of complex oral cavity defects.     

三叶前臂皮瓣在口底癌术后缺损修复重建中的应用

目的探讨改良的三叶前臂皮瓣在口底癌术后缺损修复中的应用价值。方法 2016年6月至2019年12月湖南省肿瘤医院收治的口底癌患者12例, T分期均为T2期, 其中高分化鳞状细胞癌9例, 中分化鳞状细胞癌3例。肿瘤切除及颈部淋巴结清扫术后, 缺损面积为5.0 cm×4.5 cm至8.0 cm×6.0 cm。制备三叶前臂皮瓣修复缺损, 皮瓣大小为4.0 cm×1.5 cm至8.0 cm×2.0 cm。供区Z形直接缝合。结果 12例患者术后皮瓣均成活, 创面Ⅰ期愈合。供区切口均Ⅰ期愈合。平均随访38.6个月, 患者无感觉、功能障碍, 吞咽、语言功能满意。结论三叶前臂皮瓣可有效修复口底癌术后缺损, 同时供区能直接缝合, 避免因植皮造成的第2供区以及植皮后影响前臂功能。     

21例舌癌游离股前外侧皮瓣舌再造术临床体会

[目的]探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣在舌癌缺损修复舌再造术中的应用价值.[方法]回顾并分析2004年2月～2005年12月,应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复舌癌术后缺损舌再造术21例.[结果]21块游离瓣全部成活,术后血栓发生率4.8%(1/21).随访3个月～2年,再造舌形态丰满、功能满意.1例(T4N1M0)术后1年因颈淋巴结转移死亡,未发现舌局部复发者.[结论]游离股前外侧皮瓣移植安全可靠,供区隐蔽功能影响小,皮瓣厚度适宜,是修复舌癌术后缺损舌再造术的优良供区,值得推广普及.     

Use of the double-paddle anterolateral thigh flap for locally advanced tongue carcinoma requiring second site reconstruction

BackgroundAdvanced oral tongue carcinoma can present with extension beyond the oral cavity. Operative defects after resection may involve multiple anatomical sites and significantly impact speech and swallowing. Dependence on long-term enteral feeding is not uncommon for these patients. The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is one of the most reliable and flexible flaps used in the reconstruction of total and subtotal tongue defects. The double-paddle flap modification may be a more suitable option for complex oral tongue defects after advanced tumor ablation.MethodsCase series of 31 patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma that were classified as stage IV. The age of patients ranged from 32 to 63 years. We designed the double-paddle ALT flaps to reconstruct the two-site surgical defects (tongue defect and pharynx or neck skin defect). Postoperative viability of the flap was checked by clinical observation. The last examination was performed at 3-months after the completion of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The functional capacity of our patients was evaluated by three physicians (Head and Neck Surgeon, Radiation Oncologist, and Physiatrist) using a Speech Intelligibility Score and the Functional Oral Intake Scale.ResultsA total of 31 patients with surgical defects after total or subtotal tongue resection for cancer underwent double-paddle ALT flaps for reconstruction from March 2018 to December 2019. The dimension of flaps from 8 × 12 cm to 10 × 18 cm were divided into double-paddle from 8 × 5 cm to 10 × 10 cm. There was one case of pedicle thrombosis, one case of postoperative bleeding, three cases of neck infection, and six cases of salivary fistula. Our patients were seen in follow up from 6 to 36 months, with median follow-up of 23.5 months. The survival rate of ALT flap was 100%. All of our patients achieved an oral diet by 9 months after surgery. The mean score speech intelligibility was 2.74 ± 0.68 (4-point ordinal scale). The 2-year disease-free survival rate was 61.3%.ConclusionsThe double-paddle ALT flap is a reliable flap suitable for oral defects involving multiple subsites after ablative procedures. The majority of patients demonstrated acceptable functional rehabilitation.Clinical question/ level of evidenceTherapeutic, IV.     

Outcomes of the use of different vulvar flaps for reconstruction during surgery for vulvar cancer

BackgroundVulvar carcinoma is a rare cancer, accounting for 3–5% of all gynecological cancers. Surgery is the standard treatment for patients with early stage vulvar cancer and vulvar reconstruction can be performed for these patients. The present study aimed to compare three different flap and to analyze the outcomes of vulvar surgery.MethodsWe performed a single-center retrospective study between October 2001 and December 2015. We compare patients who underwent radical surgery for vulvar cancer combined with three different vulvar flap reconstructions (GTF, gluteal thigh flap; RF, rhomboid flap; VYF, V-Y flap).We collected data on the operating time, length of hospital stay, reoperation rate, and postoperative complications.ResultsWe reviewed 179 patients who underwent radical vulvar surgery and 61 (34%) of these underwent additional reconstruction. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between the three groups. The median hospital stay was significantly longer for the GTF group (24 days) than RF (17 days) and than VYF (14 days) (p = 0.002). No significant differences were found concerning the operating time. Regarding postoperative complications, reoperation rates of 69%, 41%, and 25% were noted in the GTF, RF, and VYF group, respectively (p = 0.04); partial necrosis was the most common postoperative complication. The overall and recurrence-free survivals were comparable between the three groups.ConclusionWhen the defect is too large, VYF seems to be the procedure of choice for ensuring healing without a prolonged hospital stay compared to RF and GTF. Moreover, VYF was associated with a lower reoperation rate within 60 days compared to RF and GTF.     

Vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap cover for lower abdomen, chest wall, groin and thigh defects following resection of malignant tumours

Vertical rectus abdominis mycutaneous (VRAM) flap provides a reliable flap cover for large soft tissue defects of chest wall, torso, groin, perineum and thigh. It has been mainly used in trauma and benign conditions. Between January 1994 through January 1999, eight patients with locally advanced malignant tumors underwent radical resection and reconstruction using pedicled VRAM flap. Inferiorly based VRAM flap was used in five patients and superiorly based VRAM flap in three patients. Defect size ranged from 144 to 900 CM2. (mean 386 cm2). Average blood loss for combined resection and reconstruction was 600ml. (range 400-800 ml.) Primary closure of both donor and recipient sites achieved in all patients. There was no wound infection, flap necrosis or abdominal hernia. There patients received postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy and two patients received radiotherapy only. All the the patients are alive and free of local recurrence at mean follow up 32 months. Results of our study shows that VRAM flap is versatile and sturdy flap with a wide are of rotation and it can reach diverse anatomical sites like torso, chestwall, thigh and perineum to cover large defects following radical resection for tumors.     

颏下岛状皮瓣修复面部皮肤癌术后缺损

目的探讨颏下岛状皮瓣修复面部皮肤癌术后缺损的临床效果。方法 2009年1月至2012年12月,收治面部皮肤癌患者13例,肿瘤扩大切除后面部遗留缺损范围为5.0 cm×4.5 cm~12.0 cm×10.0 cm,以颏下动静脉为血管蒂,制成颏下岛状皮瓣,最大面积为13.0 cm×9.0 cm,最小面积为5.5 cm×5.0cm,修复肿瘤扩大切除的面部大范围缺损。结果 12例皮瓣一期愈合,有1例皮瓣局部裂开,延期愈合。随访12~18个月,所有患者均无肿瘤复发,皮瓣全部成活,供区瘢痕不明显,受区外观及功能良好。结论颏下岛状皮瓣具有血供稳定充足,可供面积大,弹性及颜色与面部组织接近,成活率高等优点,是修复面部皮肤癌术后大范围缺损的理想选择。