吻合血管的逆行供血胸脐皮瓣修复小腿创面

目的：解决小腿创伤后胫前或胫后主要血管之一长段受损栓塞,同时小腿中上段大面积软组织缺损、胫骨外露的创面修复问题。方法：临床收治15例小腿中上段大面积软组织缺损,胫骨外露病人,其中11例有胫前或胫后血管长段受损栓塞。采取以小腿远端胫前或胫后血管远端与腹壁下血管吻合的胸脐皮瓣移植修复创面。结果：15例病人移植皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣色泽、质地良好,创面完全修复。结论：只要小腿胫前或胫后主要血管之一正常,受损血管远端正常,逆行供血良好,即可采用本法。其优点为在小腿清创的同时解剖出受区血管,不影响患肢血供,不需牺牲健肢血管,不需强迫体位固定;在小腿下段肌肉少,血管位置浅,容易解剖,吻合血管方便;修复小腿中上段创面,移植皮瓣血管蒂平直,不需翻转成角。     

吻合血管的逆行供血胸脐皮瓣修复小腿创面

目的 解决小腿创伤后胫前或胫后主要血管之一长段受损栓塞,同时小腿中上段大面积软组织缺损、胫骨外露的创面修复问题。方法 临床收治15例小腿中上段大面积软组织缺损,胫骨外露病人,其中11例有胫前或胫后血管长段受损栓塞。采取以小腿远端胫前或胫后血管远端与腹壁下血管吻合的胸脐皮瓣移植修复创面。结果 15例病人移植皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣色泽、质地良好,创面完全修复。结论 只要小腿胫前或胫后主要血管之一正常,受损血管远端正常,逆行供血良好,即可采用本法。其优点为在小腿清创的同时解剖出受区血管,不影响患肢血供,不需牺牲健肢血管,不需强迫体位固定;在小腿下段肌肉少,血管位置浅,容易解剖,吻合血管方便;修复小腿中上段创面,移植皮瓣血管蒂平直,不需翻转成角。     

逆行供血的胸脐皮瓣游离移植修复胫骨外露创面

目的观察逆行供血的吻合血管胸脐皮瓣修复胫骨外露创面的临床效果.方法对44侧小腿动脉铸型标本进行了观测的基础上,于1993年5月～2000年7月,对临床收治的25例小腿中上段大面积软组织缺损,胫骨外露,其中18例有胫前或胫后血管长段受损栓塞,创面最大为28 cm×11 cm,最小为11 cm×9 cm.采用小腿远端胫前或胫后血管远端与腹壁下血管吻合的胸脐皮瓣移植修复创面.结果胫前动脉、胫后动脉和腓动脉三组主干型血管,三者彼此间在足踝部交通吻合十分丰富,有很好的相互代偿能力.术后移植皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣色泽、质地良好,创面完全修复.结论只要小腿胫前或胫后主要血管之一正常,受损血管远端正常,逆行供血良好,即可采用吻合血管的胸脐皮瓣修复小腿中上段大面积软组织缺损.     

双动脉供血之股前外侧皮瓣在修复小腿组织缺损创面的应用

为解决胫前或胫后血管长段缺损或栓塞伴小腿大面积软组织缺损，胫骨外露的创面修复。自１９９４年以来，我们设计以股前外侧皮瓣之旋股外侧血管对胫前或胫后血管近端、以膝上外侧血管对胫前或胫后血管远端吻合的双动脉供血股前外侧皮瓣修复小腿大面积缺损创面，５例全部成...     

小腿桥式交腿游离皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨下肢大面积软组织缺损采用游离组织移植而受区又无可供吻合血管时的解决办法. 方法 采用以健侧胫前或胫后血管为蒂桥式携带游离皮瓣移植修复11例下肢大面积软组织缺损. 结果 采用健侧胫前血管形成顺行皮瓣桥式携带游离皮瓣移植修复患肢创面缺损6例,皮瓣全部成活.采用健侧胫后血管形成顺行皮瓣桥式携带游离皮瓣5例,其中2例皮瓣边缘部分坏死,行清创植皮术后,创面修复良好.其余3例皮瓣全部成活,创面修复.结论 以健侧小腿胫前或胫后血管作为游离组织移植时的供血血管,是解决患侧小腿大面积软组织缺损且受区又无可供吻合血管时的一种理想修复方法.     

以腓肠肌内侧血管供血的游离股前外侧皮瓣修复小腿皮肤软组织严重缺损

目的：探讨小腿严重软组织缺损的显微外科治疗方法及临床效果。方法采用患肢腓肠肌内侧血管供血的游离股前外侧皮瓣移植修复小腿胫前严重皮肤软组织缺损7例。结果7例皮瓣全部成活,效果良好。结论对小腿主干血管损伤伴骨外露、骨髓炎的大面积皮肤、软组织缺损患者,采用患肢腓肠肌内侧血管供血的游离股前外侧皮瓣可避免采用健侧血管供血的桥式皮瓣修复,有效地保护了健侧小腿的胫后动脉,缩短疗程,减少双腿固定的痛苦。     

小腿后侧逆行筋膜皮瓣修复胫前皮肤软组织缺损

小腿后侧逆行筋膜皮瓣修复胫前皮肤软组织缺损韩岩，殷奇，鲁开化小腿胫前中下段皮肤软组织缺损骨外露或贴骨瘢痕处理起来较为困难，如不能良好的覆盖创面则会影响深部组织的进一步处理。以往采用的方法常费时费力或要牺牲主要的血管。近来我们采用小腿后侧逆行筋膜皮瓣修...     

借用健侧胫后血管桥接背阔肌皮瓣修复小腿严重毁损伤

目的探索应用健侧胫后血管皮瓣蒂桥式携带背阔肌皮瓣游离移植修复对侧小腿严重毁损伤所致大面积皮肤软组织、骨缺损或外露,免除截肢所造成重大残废.方法临床治疗14例小腿大面积皮肤软组织缺损并骨外露骨缺损,应用健侧胫后血管皮瓣蒂为供血桥,切取背阔肌皮瓣12cm×18cm～24cm×38cm,通过暂借健侧胫后血管桥式携带修复小腿巨大缺损,断蒂时同时修复健侧胫后动脉.结果14例暂借桥式背阔肌皮瓣全部成活,3例皮瓣轻度感染,1例皮瓣下血肿,经及时处理均一期愈合.随访1～8年,肌皮瓣外观丰满,质地均匀.远端肢体供血明显改善,最大限度的恢复功能,避免截肢残废.结论对于小腿巨大软组织骨缺损外露,应用暂借对侧胫后血管桥式携带背阔肌皮瓣移植修复是一种行之有效的方法.     

胫后血管蒂逆行交腿皮瓣修复小腿中下段软组织缺损

<正> 临床上,小腿中下段较大皮肤缺损及骨外露创面的治疗较为棘手。在患肢血管损伤较重,不能采用游离移植或同侧带蒂移植时,于仲嘉创用桥式交叉吻合血管的组织移植,使创面得到妥善修复。1990年以来,我们采用胫后血管蒂逆行交腿皮瓣移植的方法治疗13例,均获成功。报道如下。 1 临床资料 本组男11例,女2例。年龄23～48岁。车祸伤8例,挤压伤3例,小腿中下段大块瘢痕溃疡2例。外伤患者均为小腿中下段较大面积软组织缺损伴胫骨外露,其中2例伴有慢性骨髓     

游离股前外侧皮瓣修复小腿下段胫前或足背皮肤血管缺损

小腿下段及足背创伤后软组织坏死、缺损，易致胫前、足背部骨、肌腱外露，常合并有胫前血管损伤。我科自1998年以来应用股前外皮瓣及降支血管桥接移植修复小腿下段胫前或足背组织、血管缺损11例，疗效满意。     

Die Musculus-soleus-Lappenplastik

Objective

Defect coverage especially in exposed bone of the lower leg by pedicled muscle flaps in association with a split-thickness skin graft. Defect coverage oropharyngeal or at the upper extremity by free soleus flaps.

Indications

Defects of the proximal and middle thirds of the anterior lower leg for the proximally pedicled soleus flap; defects of the middle and distal third of the anterior lower leg for the distally pedicled soleus flap. The free flap is almost ubiquitously useable.

Contraindications

Primary diseases that makes a 2-h operation impossible, relevant affection of supplying vessels (the posterior tibial artery and/or the peroneal artery). Inadequate perfusion of the lower leg due to angiopathy, extensive soft-tissue infection, and wound contamination.

Surgical technique

Medial, longitudinal incision, slightly posterior to the tibia, according to the desired flap elevation (distally or proximally pedicled). Preparation of relevant vessels, mobilization of the muscle and transposition into local defects or use as a free graft. The pedicled flaps usually need a split-thickness skin graft to cover.

Postoperative management

Close monitoring of blood flow, temperature and swelling situation (hourly). Pressure-free wound-dressing of the leg, no circular or constricting dressings. Bedrest for 10 days, then start of flap training with intermittent circular compression, thrombosis prophylaxis, nicotine abstinence, physiotherapy, which depends on the bony situation, compression stocking after 3 weeks.

Results

Reliable results achieved at the middle and distal lower leg.     

Die Musculus-peroneus-brevis-Lappenplastiken

Objective

Soft tissue defect reconstruction by transposition of well-vascularized muscle tissue with a muscle flap and as an osteomuscular flap together with a fibular bone segment for combined skeletal and soft tissue defects.

Indications

Small- and medium-sized defects of the hindfoot, around the ankle and the distal and middle third of the lower leg, skeletal reconstruction of underlying small- and medium-sized bone defects.

Contraindications

Lesions of the proximal anterior tibial artery (proximal pedicled flap), combined lesions of the distal peroneal artery including the communicating branch with the posterior tibial artery (distal pedicled flap); lesion or paralysis of the peroneus longus muscle in an intact ankle joint.

Surgical technique

Distally pedicled flap: blunt separation between the peroneus longus and brevis muscle, subperiosteal release with isolation on a distal septocutaneous branch of the peroneal artery. To increase perfusion, the proximally released branch of the anterior tibial artery may be re-anastomosed in the recipient site. Proximally pedicled flap: dissection of distal peroneus brevis muscle tendon and subperiosteal release in a proximal direction with ligation of the segmental peroneal artery branches until the flap is isolated on its proximal anterior tibial artery branch. For an osteomuscular flap, simultaneous harvest of a fibula segment underneath the muscle origin with preservation of the intimate periosteal relationship between muscle and bone.

Postoperative management

Complete immobilization and elevated leg position for 5 days, followed by successive orthostatic training for 10 days. Postoperative standardized compression garments for 6 months, eventually combined with silicone sheet scar therapy.

Results

Reliable, excellent functional and aesthetic results with very low donor site morbidity.     

腓肠神经伴行血管蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的　总结腓肠神经伴行血管蒂岛状皮瓣的治疗效果。方法　从 1997年起应用腓肠神经伴行血管蒂岛状皮瓣移位修复小腿软组织缺损 3例 ,踝部 3例 ,足部 8例 ;其中 1例交腿移位。切取皮瓣范围 4cm×3cm～ 14cm× 12 cm,血管蒂长 7～ 16 cm,均为逆行移位。结果　术后 12例皮瓣成活 ,1例部分坏死 ,1例全部坏死。其中 10例伤口 期愈合 ,3例经换药后愈合 ,皮瓣坏死的病例行游离皮瓣移植术。 9例获得随访 ,时间 3～ 2 1个月 ,外观功能恢复良好 ,皮肤质地接近正常 ,6个月后感觉部分恢复。结论　腓肠神经伴行血管蒂岛状皮瓣血供可靠 ,转移范围大 ,损伤小 ,操作简便 ,可用于修复小腿前侧、踝部及足部近侧 1/ 2软组织缺损 ,对伴有主要血管损伤的病例更具有特殊意义     

健侧胫后血管皮瓣桥携带游离皮瓣临床应用

目的 探讨下肢大面积软组织缺损采用游离组织移植修复而受区载供血管可以供缝接时的解决办法,方法 在形态学观察及动脉压和血流量测定的实验基础上,设计以健侧胫后血管形成单一顺行皮瓣成桥及顺,逆行两皮瓣桥作为血管蒂而携带游离皮瓣移植修复。结果 采用健侧胫后血管形成顺行皮瓣桥携带游离皮瓣移植修复伤肢一处创面缺损８例,皮瓣全部成活,创面修复,采用健侧胫后血管形成顺－逆行两个皮瓣桥分别携带两个游离皮瓣同时修复伤     

胫后血管蒂小腿内侧复合组织瓣的临床应用

目的探讨以胫后血管为蒂小腿内侧复合组织瓣的临床应用效果和有关问题。方法1992年9月～1999年5月应用小腿内侧复合组织瓣修复四肢骨和软组织缺损12例,其中开放性骨折并骨和软组织缺损7例,慢性溃疡并骨髓炎2例,恶性黑色素瘤2例,骨肿瘤切除术后骨和软组织缺损1例。缺损范围2.5cm×5.0cm～4.5cm×11.0cm。游离移植5例,桥式转移3例,逆行移位4例,其中骨膜肌皮瓣加自体松质骨或同种异体脱钙骨移植8例,肌皮瓣4例。皮瓣最大12cm×25cm,最小6cm×8cm。结果10例皮瓣全部成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合;2例皮瓣远端小部分坏死,经切除坏死痂皮后换药,创面Ⅱ期愈合。10例创面修复后16周X线片示骨愈合。术后经6～18个月随访,除1例术后2个月死于肿瘤转移外,其余均取得满意效果。结论小腿内侧复合组织瓣血供充分,血管口径粗,蒂长,皮瓣切取面积大,是修复肢体大面积软组织缺损合并骨缺损的理想组织瓣。     

胫后动脉穿支蒂岛状皮瓣修复内踝及小腿内侧创面

 目的 探讨顺行或逆行胫后动脉穿支蒂岛状皮瓣修复内踝及小腿内侧创面的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析 2011 年 1 月至 2013 年 2 月,采用顺行或逆行胫后动脉穿支蒂岛状皮瓣修复 13 例内踝及小腿内侧创面的患者资料,男 8 例,女 5 例;年龄 19~65 岁,平均 32 岁。创面均位于内踝及小腿内侧,5 例伴有骨、肌腱及血管外露。其中 5 例胫骨远端骨折伴血管、神经外露者,急诊行骨折内、外固定术及胫后动脉穿支皮瓣修复创面;8 例无血管、神经外露者,采用真空封闭引流负压吸引后二期行皮瓣修复手术;7 例采用胫后动脉穿支蒂 V-Y 顺行推进皮瓣,6 例采用胫后动脉逆行穿支皮瓣。皮肤缺损面积为 1.5 cm×2.0 cm~9.0 cm×5.0 cm,切取皮瓣面积为 1.5 cm×3.0 cm~14.0 cm×7.0 cm。顺行皮瓣供区直接缝合,逆行皮瓣供区取腹部全厚皮片植皮修复。结果 13 例患者术后皮瓣血液循环稳定,无一例发生回流障碍,均于术后 2 周一期愈合。术后 13 例患者均获得随访,随访时间 6~24 个月,平均 13 个月。皮瓣全部一期成活,蒂部无臃肿及“猫耳”畸形,皮瓣质地柔软,外观满意,颜色与周围皮肤接近。5 例合并骨折患者术后 3~4 个月骨折临床愈合,骨折线基本消失。供区皮肤直接缝合者,术后瘢痕较小;供区游离植皮者,创面平整,无明显瘢痕增生。术后踝关节背伸 10°～25°,跖屈 15°～45°;患者均对术后疗效表示满意。结论 采用顺行或逆行胫后动脉穿支蒂岛状皮瓣具有不牺牲主干血管的优点,是修复内踝及小腿内侧创面的一种简单、有效的治疗方法。     

Redefining the vascular anatomy of the peroneus brevis muscle flap

The peroneus brevis flap can be used as either proximally or distally based flap for coverage of small to medium‐sized defects in the lower leg. The purpose of this study was to clarify the vascular anatomy of the peroneus brevis muscle. An anatomical dissection was performed on 17 fixed adult cadaver lower legs. Altogether, 87 segmental branches (mean 5.1 ± 1.6 per leg) either from the fibular or anterior tibial artery to the muscle were identified. Sixty‐two were branches from the fibular artery (mean 3.4 ± 1.1 per fibular artery), whereas 25 (mean 1.4 ± 0.9 per anterior tibial artery) originated from the anterior tibial artery. The distance between the most distal vascular branch and the malleolar tip averaged 4.3 ± 0.6 cm. An axial vascular bundle to the muscle could be identified in all cadavers; in one leg two axial supplying vessels were found. Their average length was 5.5 ± 2.4 cm and the average arterial diameter was 1.1 ± 0.5 mm, the average venous diameter was 1.54 ± 0.7 mm. The constant blood supply to the peroneus brevis muscle by segmental branches from the fibular and tibial artery make this muscle a viable option for proximally or distally pedicled flap transfer. The location of the most proximal and distal branches to the muscle and conclusively the pivot points for flap transfer could be determined. Furthermore, a constant proximal axial vascular pedicle to the muscle may enlarge the clinical applications. Perfusion studies should be conducted to confirm these findings. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:39–44, 2015.