自体骨膜游离移植的实验研究--不同龄动物大块关节软骨缺损修复的比较

目的研究比较自体骨膜移植软骨再生修复不同龄动物大块关节软骨缺损。方法用52只不同龄家兔自体骨膜游离移植修复大块关节软骨缺损,比较移植骨膜生发层朝向关节腔与松质骨时再生软骨的差别。结果经不同时期肉眼和组织学检查证实,幼年兔和成年兔的骨膜移植都能生成软骨,修复大块关节软骨缺损。在成年兔骨膜再生的软骨与成年兔本身周围正常软骨的厚度、组织结构一样。移植骨膜生发层朝向关节腔与松质骨二者间再生软骨结果无明显差别。结论骨膜具有再生软骨的能力,可用来移植修复关节软骨的缺损。骨膜移植生发层不同朝向对软骨再生无明显影响。成年后骨膜移植修复关节软骨缺损能够生成与自身相适应的软骨。     

自体骨—骨膜移植修复骨软骨缺损：初步报告

根据骨膜具有再生关节软骨能力的特性，我们将取自于胫骨内侧骺端的骨一骨膜用于修复膝关节表面的骨软骨缺损。临床应用５例，包括剥脱性骨软骨炎、软骨下骨坏死及陈旧性髌骨骨折。经１６～２６个月随访，以膝关节功能评分法评价，移植手术获满意效果。摄片及磁共振影像证实缺损得以修复。此结果表明骨一骨膜移植是修复骨软骨缺损的有效方法。     

自体软骨膜、骨膜游离移植修复软骨缺损治疗骨性关节炎

目的：评价自体软骨膜或骨膜游离移植术修复膝关节大面积软骨缺损，治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效。方法：将髌骨及股骨髁，胫骨平台病损软骨清除，游离移植软骨或骨膜修复软骨缺损，治疗骨性关节炎124例，术后不需外固定，4天后持续被动关节活动器作持续动活动。2周后下床活动，结果：术后平均随访6年，治疗效果满意。结论：采用自体软骨膜，骨膜游离移植修复大面积软骨缺损，治疗骨性关节炎，可取得满意效果。     

自体游离骨膜—骨块复合组织移植修复关节骨软骨缺损

用三种类型的自体游离骨膜－骨块复合组织移植修复家兔膝关节的骨软骨缺损。实验结果显示，一个月后三组实验动物的膝关节骨软骨缺损区均被骨块和骨膜再生的新生软骨组织完全充填；不剥离翻转骨膜的骨膜－骨块复合组织移植具有操作简便、不影响骨膜再生软骨之优点；关节滑液能为骨膜再生软骨提供充足的营养。     

带血管蒂筋膜移植修复膝关节软骨大面积缺损

目的：报告带血管筋膜移植修复膝关节软骨大面积缺损的疗效。材料和方法：１２个膝关节软骨全厚缺损均采用以膝降动脉为蒂的小腿前内侧筋膜瓣移植进行修复。结果：术后随访１．５～８年，平均３．５年，膝关节活动范围术前平均４２°，术后１１４°，按照美国膝关节学会人工关节置换术疗效评定标准，运动部分术前平均得分５５．３分，术后９０．７分；功能部分术前平均得分２５．８分，术后８７分。结论：与人工膝关节置换术相比，采用带血管蒂筋膜移植修复膝关节软骨大面积缺损具有对膝关节正常结构破坏小、并发症少、费用低、远期效果好等优点。     

自体骨膜移植修复关节软骨缺损生发层不同朝向的比较研究

为了观察骨膜再生软骨中，骨膜生发层不同的朝向是否影响软骨再生。应用人体纤维蛋白粘合剂粘合自体骨膜修复兔关节软骨缺损，对移植骨膜生发层不同朝向（即朝向关节腔或软骨下骨）的差别进行比较。结果表明：６周前，朝向关节腔组增殖较快，６周后两组无明显差别，故生发层的朝向不是一个重要影响因素。另外，应用藏红Ｏ蛋白多糖染色的电镜观察，证实两组再生软骨均为透明软骨。     

骨膜移植和钻孔术修复关节软骨缺损的实验比较

用中国白兔２４只，在股骨关书面造成６ｍｍ×８ｍｍ全层软骨缺损，分别进行游离骨膜自体移植和钻孔术。术后４、８周取材做组织学及电镜观察并进行比较。结果表明：（１）钻孔、移植骨膜和对照组的优势修复组织分别为类透明软骨、幼稚软骨和纤维组织。（２）修复组织平均数量，移植骨膜明显优于钻孔和对照组。（３）骨膜移植、钻孔和对照组修复组织来源分别为骨膜本身、髓腔和软骨下骨及与缺损毗连的软骨。初步结论：移植骨膜和软骨下骨钻孔均能修复关节软骨缺员，单纯刮除后修复能力最差。     

自体骨膜延迟游离移植修复成年后关节软骨缺损的实验研究

目的：研究年龄对自体骨膜游离移植修复关节软骨缺损的影响,探讨延迟游离移植能否提高成年后骨膜修复软骨能力。方法：选中国白兔,成年兔20只,幼兔10只,分3组。A组：成年兔左膝骨膜直接游离移植组;B组：成年兔右膝骨膜延迟游离移植组;C组：幼兔骨膜直接游离移植组,取骨膜或骨膜新生组织、行光镜、电镜组织学观察比较。结果：移植前B、C组骨膜厚度、细胞计数及细胞活跃程度均优于A组（均为P＜0．01）,移植后12周3组关节软骨缺损获得不同程度修复,C组优于A组（P＜0．01）及B组（P＜0．05）,B组优于A组（P＜0．01）。结论：自体骨膜局部剥离、原位激活,体内培养、延迟游离移植可提高成年骨膜成软骨能力,更好地修复成年后关节软骨缺损。     

组织细胞移植修复关节软骨缺损的研究现状

关节软骨组织的自身修复能力很差,临床治疗中要使修复或再生的软骨能恢复到滑膜关节正常的无痛运动,修复的新组织须在结构、组成、机械性能和持久耐用方面与正常关节软骨相似。目前关节软骨修复损伤的方法主要有两大类：一类为刺激关节软骨自身修复的方法,另一类为组织细胞移植方法。前者包括,清创术和灌洗法、软骨下骨钻孔术、微骨折、截骨术等,后者包括软骨移植、骨膜／软骨膜移植、软骨细胞及间充质细胞移植等［１］。本文就组织细胞移植修复关节软骨缺损的研究进展进行了综述。一、关节软骨移植关节软骨移植是用完整的正常关节软骨…     

关节软骨缺损修复研究进展

关节软骨缺损是临床常见疑难病症之一。滑膜关节表面缺损后难以修复。现就关节软骨缺损的自发修复、自体或异体移植修复、软骨膜或骨膜移植修复、软骨细胞移植修复，以及三维立体细胞培养及组织工程技术修复等五个方面，综述了滑膜关节软骨缺损修复重建的方法学进展     

自体软骨细胞团块植入修复兔陈旧性关节软骨缺损的实验研究

目的 观察自体软骨细胞团块植入对兔关节软骨缺损的修复作用. 方法 24只成年新西兰大白兔48侧膝关节,随机分为三组(n=16)并制备双膝关节股骨滑车软骨缺损模型.空白对照组无特殊处理,骨膜移植组将骨膜覆盖缺损并缝合于缺损两侧的股骨髁上,实验组将自体软骨细胞团块植入缺损中.术后3、6个月分别取材(n=8),进行大体和组织学观察,修复组织行Wakitani评分并进行比较. 结果实验组共成功取材11个缺损关节,9个为透明软骨修复,2个因植入细胞生长状态差未修复;骨膜移植组修复组织为纤维软骨或纤维组织,修复组织薄,基质异染弱;空白对照组仅有少量纤维组织填充缺损底部.修复组织Wakitani评分:实验组3.82分,骨膜移植组6.71分,空白对照组9.23分,差异有统计学意义(F=5.96,P=0.00). 结论自体软骨细胞团块植入能较好修复关节软骨缺损,修复的质量与植入细胞的质量有关.     

带血管蒂骨膜、骨瓣移植和血管束植入修复骨缺损的实验研究

目的 将松质骨移植到骨缺损处,再将带血管蒂骨膜,骨瓣移植和血管束植入,以探讨不同方法对骨缺损修复过程的影响。方法 制作兔桡骨骨缺损模型,移植松质骨后,分别用带血管蒂的骨膜,骨瓣移植和血管束植入,单纯松质骨移植作对照,术后４,８,１６周进行大体标本,Ｘ线,光镜及电镜观察。结果 骨膜移植组血运建立快,成骨面积大,骨缺损修复快,质量最好。骨瓣移植组是通过带血管蒂的骨瓣移植增加了血液供应,成骨较快且好;但     

Potential healing benefit of an osteoperiosteal bone plug from the proximal tibia on a mosaicplasty donor-site defect in the knee

Introduction Autologous osteochondral transplantation is a popular treatment for articular cartilage lesions in the knee joint. The donor defect is commonly left empty and remains a matter of concern.Materials and methods In 20 knees of 10 goats, we created a standardised donor defect in the knee. In the control group the defects were left empty, whereas in two other groups a bone plug from the proximal tibia was press-fitted into the defect with or without a covering periosteal layer.Results Histological evaluation after 8 and 16 weeks showed that relatively rapid osteoclastic resorption of the bone plug occurred. Defects were mainly filled with fibrous tissue, and collapse of the adjacent bone and cartilage was visible, especially when the defects were left empty. Occasionally, some consolidation of the graft to the host bone could be detected, and in some samples periosteal chondrogenesis was present.Conclusion Our findings suggest that transplantation of a tibial bone plug with covering periosteum to the donor defect in a cartilage transplantation procedure does not have any additional value in an attempt to minimise the damage at the donor site. The observed resorption of the bone plug and the collapse of the adjacent joint margin remain a matter of concern with this technique.     

修复关节软骨大面积缺损的实验研究

目的 比较和评价筋膜软骨细胞和骨膜、关节软骨移植修复关节软骨大面积缺损的能力和生物特性。方法 用冻存和新鲜的异体筋膜上培养的软骨细胞、骨膜和关节软骨移植修复大面积关节软骨缺损,通过大体标本、光学显微镜、扫描和透射电镜、放射身显影、微量元素和柱层析氨基酸定量测定、一氧化氮含量测定等多种观察方法进行评价。结果 新鲜和冻存的筋膜软骨细胞移植在结构、形成新的软骨细胞能力、代谢活性方面均优于游离软骨细胞移植     

同指指动脉岛状筋膜瓣修复指背组织缺损

目的探讨同指指动脉岛状筋膜瓣修复甲床及指背皮肤、软组织缺损的临床效果。方法根据甲床及指背皮肤、软组织缺损情况，对22例此类患者采取同指逆行指动脉岛状筋膜瓣翻转覆盖创面后游离植皮，通过随访观察手指外形及功能恢复情况，了解临床疗效，总结优缺点。结果随访1-8个月，平均4个月，22例筋膜瓣植皮全部成活，患者对外形和功能恢复比较满意。结论同指指动脉岛状筋膜瓣加植皮具有易于切取、对供区影响小、外形良好等优点，是修复甲床及指背皮肤、软组织缺损的较好方法。     

治疗关节软骨缺损手术方法的比较

目的对比研究骨膜移植术,软骨细胞移植术和骨软骨钻孔术对关节软骨损伤的修复。方法 纯种青紫蓝兔４４只,随机分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ４组,在膝关节作全层软骨缺损模型,Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ组分别选择行上述一种操作,Ｄ组不作处理。术后４、８、１２周取材作大体,光镜和电镜观察。结果 各组缺损均有不同程度修复,但修复优势组织性质有所差别。结论 自体游离骨膜移植术的钻孔术修复关节节软骨缺损效果明显优于未处理组,其中以钻孔术为简     

Long-term growth of a vascularized auricular perichondrocutaneous flap in laryngotracheal reconstruction.

This study addresses the potential for ongoing cartilage proliferation after repair of laryngotracheal stenosis with vascularized perichondrium. We randomly assigned 32 New Zealand white rabbits to 1 of 3 groups: group 1 (early cartilage growth, n = 10), group 2 (long-term cartilage growth after pedicle ligation, n = 11), and group 3 (long-term cartilage growth without pedicle ligation, n = 11). Bilateral auricular perichondrocutaneous flaps were elevated and transposed into full-thickness anterior tracheal wall or anterior cricothyroid membrane defects. Six weeks after elevation of the flap, animals were randomly assigned to undergo ligation of either the right or left vascular pedicle (group 2), with the contralateral auricular flap used as a matched control (group 3). Neochondrogenesis was present at 6 weeks in group 1 (0.74 +/- 0.14 mm, n = 12 ears). Cartilage thickness did not differ between groups 2 and 3 one year after ligation of the vascular pedicle: group 2 (0.48 +/- 0.24 mm, n = 18) versus group 3 (0.42 +/- 0.12 mm); P > 0.05. We conclude that in the rabbit model, chondrogenesis did not appear to be ongoing and did not result in late stenosis of the reconstructed airway. Furthermore, delayed ligation of the vascular pedicle neither inhibited nor stimulated cartilage proliferation.     

The use of autologous free fat tissue in prevention of calvarial bone regeneration: an experimental study

Autologous free fat grafts have been successfully used to limit ingrowth of postlaminectomy fibrous tissue and to prevent reossification after bone resection in long bones. This study was designed to test the effect of placing autologous adipose tissue in standardized craniotomy defects and also to determine the effect of the presence of periosteum and dura in the area of the fat augmented defects. In 18 immature rabbits, aged 18–21 days, two identical full-thickness defects were made bilaterally in the parietal bone. An autologous free fat graft was placed in one of the defects, the second being an internal control. The study groups were as follows: Group I: dura and periosteum left intact; Group II; periosteum removed; dura left intact; Group III; periosteum and dura removed. The animals were sacrificed after ten weeks. Histological examination of all groups demonstrated prevention of bone regeneration at the margins of the defect with some variations. In the first and second groups, new bone formation appeared over the dura, creating an incomplete plate of bone. On the periosteal side of the graft, a smaller amount of bone formation appeared close to the osteotomy line. The third group demonstrated a total prevention of bone regeneration. The use of free fat tissue graft can prevent calvarial bone regeneration and may be a useful adjunct for the treatment of craniosynostosis. Measures should be taken regarding the new bone formation over the dura, since this may cause reoccurrence of craniosynostosis.     

指背神经筋膜蒂逆行皮瓣蒂部不同处理修复指端缺损

目的探讨指背神经筋膜蒂逆行皮瓣蒂部不同处理修复指端缺损的临床疗效。方法对39例39指指端皮肤软组织缺损患者,设计指背神经筋膜蒂皮瓣逆行转移修复皮肤缺损,术中根据皮瓣血运情况,采用不同的蒂部处理方法转移皮瓣。蒂部创面直接缝合8例。蒂部带皮蒂10例,蒂部创面全厚皮片植皮21例．其中包括蒂部创面直接缝合及带皮蒂皮瓣发生血运障碍后,采用蒂部皮片植皮分别为4例和5例。结果39例皮瓣均成活。4例皮瓣其中蒂部创面直接闭合2例,蒂部单纯带皮蒂2例,术后发生静脉危象,明显肿胀并出现水疱,经抽吸水疱减张及小切口放血后皮瓣转为红润。术后随访5～8个月,皮瓣外形、手指功能均较满意。结论根据术中皮瓣血运情况．采用不同蒂部处理方式的指背神经筋膜蒂逆行皮瓣修复指端缺损．能明显降低皮瓣肿胀及血管危象的发生。     

Localization of chondrocyte precursors in periosteum

OBJECTIVE: Periosteal chondrogenesis is relevant to cartilage repair and fracture healing. Periosteum contains two distinct layers: a thick, outer fibrous layer and a thin, inner cambium layer which is adjacent to the bone. Specific chondrocyte precursors are known to exist in periosteum but have not yet been identified. In this study, the location of the chondrocyte precursors in periosteum was determined. METHOD: One hundred and twenty periosteal explants from 30 2-month-old NZ rabbits were cultured for up to 42 days. Histomorphological changes and spatio-temporal localization of Col. II mRNA and protein were analysed. RESULTS: On day 7, chondrocyte differentiation appeared in the most juxtaosseous region in the cambium layer. Col. II mRNA and protein were also evident in the same region. By day 14, chondrocyte differentiation progressed further into the juxtaosseous cambium layer, as did Col. II mRNA and protein. With growth of the neocartilage, the cambium layer gradually diminished to the extent that by 21-28 days it was no longer evident. Cartilage growth was significant and followed an appositional pattern, growing away from the fibrous layer. The fibrous layer remained essentially unchanged from 0-42 days, without evidence of hypertrophy or atrophy. Col. II mRNA expression was never seen in the fibrous layer. CONCLUSION: From these data, three conclusions can be drawn concerning chondrogenesis from periosteum: (1) the chondrocyte precursors are located in the cambium layer of periosteum; (2) chondrogenesis commences in the juxtaosseous area in the cambium layer and progresses from the juxtaosseous region to the juxtafibrous region of the cambium layer; (3) neocartilage growth is appositional, which displaces the fibrous layer away from the cartilage already formed, as new cartilage is formed between these two layers. These findings suggest that the least differentiated (stem or reserve) cells are located in the cambium layer furthest from the bone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings show that the chondrocyte precursors are located in the cambium layer of periosteum. Preservation of this layer is essential for chondrogenesis. As neocartilage growth is appositional, away from the fibrous layer, it can be expected that the new cartilage deposited in and adjacent to a periosteal graft would be expected to be located on the side of the cambium layer, rather than on the side of the fibrous layer of the graft.