重度子痫前期患者血清hs-CRP、MPO水平对新生儿出生体重的影响

目的探讨重度子痫前期患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平与新生儿出生体重的相关性。方法选取2015年1月-2016年3月在庆阳市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心产科产检及住院分娩的重度子痫前期孕妇80例为研究组,以发病时孕周为准,将发病时孕周34周孕妇设为早发子痫组,将孕周≥34周孕妇设为晚发子痫组,各40例;选取同期正常妊娠晚期孕妇80例为健康对照组,根据孕周34周和≥34周分为健康A组和健康B组,各40例。检测和对比血清hs-CRP、MPO水平。结果早发子痫组与晚发子痫组hs-CRP水平均高于同期对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);而早发子痫组与晚发子痫组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。早发子痫组及晚发子痫组孕妇的MPO表达高于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且早发子痫组高于晚发子痫组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但对照组两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。早发子痫组与晚发子痫组hs-CRP、MPO水平与新生儿出生体重均呈负相关关系(P0.05);健康对照组则与出生体重无相关性(P0.05)。结论在子痫前期的病理生理发展过程中,血清hs-CRP、MPO可能发挥重要作用。重度子痫前期病患的血清hs-CRP、MPO水平的升高可导致胎儿宫内生长发育受限(FGR),导致新生儿体重下降。     

早发与晚发型重度子痫前期对围产儿结局影响

目的 探讨早发型重度子痫前期与晚发型重度子痫前期对围产儿的影响.方法 选择2008年10月～2009年10月在甘肃省妇幼保健院治疗的早发型重度子痫前期孕妇32例,随访其围产儿的临床结局和预后,与同期随机选取的45例晚发型重度子痫前期孕妇的围产儿结局进行比较.结果 早发型重度子痫前期组的剖宫产率、羊水污染率、新生儿窒息率、围产儿死亡率与晚发型重度子痫前期组比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2分别为8.342、6.301、9.692、12.485,均P<0.05);早发型重度子痫前期组的分娩孕周和出生体重与晚发型重度子痫前期组比较,差异亦均有统计学意义(t分别为-3.559、-7.077,均P<0.05).结论 对于重度子痫前期孕妇,发病孕周越小,胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、围产儿死亡、早产的发生率越高.因此在保证母亲安全的前提下,尽量延长孕周,可显著改善围产儿不良结局,提高新生儿的生存率.     

早发型与晚发型重度子痫前期特点及终止妊娠时机选择

目的:探讨早发型与晚发型重度子痫前期特点及终止妊娠时机选择。方法:对重度子痫前期孕妇47例以孕34周为界分为早发型重度子痫前期组17例和晚发型重度子痫前期组30例的临床资料及围产结局进行综合分析。结果:两组的年龄、≥35岁比例、孕产次、血压、高血压病史差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),两组24 h尿蛋白定量、肌酐差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而PT、APTT、血小板、ALT、AST、尿酸差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。两组在分娩前治疗时间、分娩孕周、胎盘早剥、腹水差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在分娩方式、羊水过少、合并ICP、合并GDM的发生率差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。两组在新生儿出生体重、低体重儿比例、新生儿放弃抢救、新生儿窒息、死胎、死产差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:早发型重度子痫前期起病急、病情重、并发症多、母儿预后差,而晚发型相对较温和。对于孕周较小的早发型重度子痫前期,严密监护下延长孕周降低围产儿不良并发症及死亡率,再适时终止妊娠以最大限度降低母儿并发症的发生。     

子痫前期病史孕妇再次妊娠临床特点及母婴结局分析

目的 探讨早发型及晚发型子痫前期病史孕妇再次妊娠临床特点及母婴结局.方法 选取余姚市人民医院妇产科2011年1月至2016年12月收治的98例子痫前期病史孕妇作为研究对象,分析子痫前期病史孕妇再次妊娠临床特点并分析其母婴结局.结果 前次妊娠为早发型子痫前期的患者本次妊娠临床表现中头痛、眼花、头晕发生率均显著高于晚发型子痫前期患者(x2值分别为10.309、13.608、17.610,均P＜0.05),且24h尿蛋白定量值显著高于晚发型子痫前期患者(x2=5.232,P＜0.05).前次妊娠为早发型子痫前期患者本次妊娠妊娠期高血压疾病发病率高于晚发型子痫前期患者,但差异无统计学意义(2=1.768,P＞0.05)而本次妊娠并发症显著高于晚发型子痫前期患者(x2=25.247,P＜0.0l),主要为肝功能损害(27.50％)、肾功能损害(20.00％),两组患者胎盘早剥、产后出血发生率无显著性差异(x2值分别为0.071、0.803,均P＞0.05).前次妊娠为早发型子痫前期患者新生儿窒息、低体重儿、新生儿低血糖、新生儿死亡发生率均显著高于晚发型子痫前期患者(x2值分别为5.009、10.648、7.701、4.487,均P＜0.05),两组胎儿生长受限、新生儿湿肺、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征发生率均无显著性差异(x2值分别为0.803、0.001、1.465,均P＞0.05).结论 血压增高、蛋白尿是子痫前期孕妇再次妊娠的主要临床特点,子痫前期孕妇孕周越短,出现并发症越高,且围产儿结局相对越差.     

重度子痫前期患者血流动力学指标及对围生儿预后的影响

目的探讨早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期患者血流动力学指标及对围生儿预后的影响。方法选择2016年10月-2018年9月温岭市第一人民医院收治的重度子痫前期患者82例作为研究对象,分为早发型42例,晚发型40例,分别选取同期正常妊娠孕妇≥28周且<34周者42例作为对照1组,≥34周者40例作为对照2组。观察早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期患者的血流监测状况及对围生儿预后的影响。结果早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期患者的胎儿脐动脉(UA)-胎儿收缩期最大血流速度和舒张末期血流速度之比(S/D)、UA-阻力指数(RI)显著高于对照1组、对照2组(P<0. 05)。早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期患者的胎儿大脑中动脉(MCA)-S/D、MCA-RI均显著低于对照1组、对照2组(P<0. 05)。早发型子痫前期患者的宫内缺氧、早产、新生儿窒息、低出生体质量发生率均显著高于晚发型重度子痫前期患者(P<0. 05)。结论早发型和晚发型重度子痫前期患者的胎儿UA-S/D、UA-RI、MCA-RI、MCA-S/D均发生显著变化,早发型重度子痫前期围生儿不良结局更多,血流监测可用于评价胎儿宫内安危状况以及预测新生儿出生结局,指导临床采取有效的干预措施,延长患者孕周,改善围生儿预后。     

早发型重度子痫前期79例妊娠结局分析

目的:探讨早发型重度子痫前期分娩方式与母儿结局的关系。方法:回顾分析79例早发型重度子痫前期妊娠结局,其中47例行剖宫产,32例阴道分娩,比较剖宫产组和阴道分娩组母亲并发症及围产儿结局的差异。结果:①两组孕妇年龄、体重、孕次、分娩孕周、血压、血清生化指标、尿蛋白等比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。②阴道分娩组产次、引产前宫颈Bishop评分显著高于剖宫产组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而产后出血的发生率显著低于剖宫产组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);③两组新生儿出生胎龄、出生体重、新生儿窒息发生率、围生儿死亡率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:早发型重度子痫前期分娩方式应依据病情个体化制定,剖宫产并不能明显改善早发型重度子痫前期围产儿结局,且产后出血风险增加,需严格掌握手术指征;严格选择病例可以考虑引产和阴道分娩。     

早发型重度子痫前期临床分析

目的:探讨早发型与晚发型重度子痫前期的发病特点及与新生儿预后的关系。探讨早发型子痫前期重度的发病特点及早期诊断和处理,降低孕产妇死亡率,提高人口素质。方法:分析23例早发型、61例晚发型妊娠期高血压疾病患者及18例同孕龄非子痫前期重度的孕妇在血清蛋白、尿蛋白及新生儿的预后和出生体重的差异。结果:早发型重度子痫前期比晚发型重度子痫前期、同孕龄非子痫前期重度的孕妇更易发生低蛋白血症、低钠血症、尿蛋白、胎儿生长受限、新生儿窒息。结论:早发型重度子痫前期与低蛋白血症、尿蛋白密切相关,且发生早、程度重。且胎儿生长受限与早发型重度子痫前期密切相关。     

血清高迁移率族蛋白B1、可溶性CD40L、脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白和髓过氧化物酶在重度子痫前期患者中的表达及意义

目的探讨血清高迁移率族蛋白B1 (HMGB1)、可溶性CD40L (sCD40L)、脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP4)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)在重度子痫前期患者中的表达及意义,为临床诊断和病情评估提供参考依据。方法 2016年1-12月,选择67例重度子痫前期患者,其中早发型组28例和晚发型组39例以及同期正常妊娠者60例作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清HMGB1、sCD40L、FABP4和MPO的表达水平。结果重度子痫前期组患者血清HMGB1、sCD40L、FABP4和MPO水平为(76. 23±21. 59) mmol/L、(6. 37±2. 23) ng/L、(158. 61±36. 68)μg/L、(15. 69±1. 28) ng/L,而对照组为(26. 39±6. 38) mmol/L、(3. 25±1. 26) ng/L、(89. 76±11. 39)μg/L、(11. 29±0. 62) ng/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(均P0. 05)。早发型组血清HMGB1、sCD40L、FABP4和MPO均高于晚发型组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(均P0. 05)。四项指标联合检测的ROC曲线下面积为0. 859,明显高于HMGB1、sCD40L、FABP4和MPO各个指标单独检测,差异有统计学意义(Z=7. 861,8. 061,8. 672,7. 541,均P0. 001)。Pearson积差相关性显示,重度子痫前期患者中HMGB1、sCD40L、FABP4和MPO表达均呈显著相关性,差异有统计学意义(P0. 01)。结论血清HMGB1、sCD40L、FABP4和MPO的表达与重度子痫前期发生、发展密切相关,可作为血清标志物用于重度子痫前期的诊断和病情评估。     

妊娠期糖尿病合并早发型重度子痫前期75例临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病合并早发型重度子痫前期的临床诊治特点及对母婴结局的影响.方法 将75例妊娠期糖尿病合并早发型重度子痫前期患者按入院时的孕周数分为两组,A组:孕周数小于32周(n=40),B组:孕32～33周(n=35),比较两组终止妊娠的时机及母婴结局.结果 A组孕妇期待治疗时间明显长于B组,严重并发症发生率高于B组,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);A组新生儿窒息率和围产儿死亡率均高于B组,新生儿Apgar评分低于B组,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 妊娠期糖尿病合并早发型重度子痫前期对母婴危害大,且孕周越小,母婴预后越差,临床应密切监测病情变化,并采取个体化治疗原则,以提高分娩质量.     

早发型重度子痫前期的治疗及母婴预后解析

目的分析早发型重度子痫前期的治疗及母婴预后。方法选取惠州市第一妇幼保健院2011年11月-2014年4月收治的53例34周前发生子痫前期的孕产妇作为观察组,选取同期入院分娩的晚发型重度子痫前期孕产妇57例作为对照组,比较两组孕产妇母婴预后。结果观察组孕产妇胎盘早剥发生率明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组孕产妇剖宫产率和引产率高于对照组、自然分娩率低于对照组;观察组新生儿体重低于对照组;早产发生率、新生儿窒息率、围产儿死亡率均高于对照组,以上比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论早发型重度子痫前期病情严重,母婴预后差。医师应加强产妇监护措施,严格病例选择短期保守治疗,有助于改善母儿结局。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.