灭蝇灯对不同蝇种灭效的比较

为探讨有效灭蝇方法 ,用ＭＦＣＱ910 0型灭蝇灯对 6种苍蝇进行试验。1　材料1.1　灭蝇灯　为ＭＦＣＱ910 0型灭蝇灯。1.2　受试蝇种　 (1)家蝇 :由本站饲养室提供 ;(2 )巨尾阿丽蝇 :早春将鲜鱼剖开置入罐头瓶中放于草地 ,巨尾阿丽蝇在鱼体上产卵后 ,取回放实验室饲养 ,幼虫化蛹后放入装有湿锯木屑的罐头瓶中 ,盖上纱盖 ,羽化后于笼中用水、奶粉、红糖饲养 ;(3)丝光绿蝇及棕尾别麻蝇 :夏天用鱼块诱卵 ,化蛹后按蛹的体型分为两类后分别羽化 ,可得丝光绿蝇和棕尾别麻蝇 ,饲养方法同上 ;(4 )大头金蝇 :野外采蛹 ,置入装有湿锯木屑的罐头瓶中 ,盖…     

石家庄机场口岸室外成蝇的本底调查报告

〔目的〕建立石家庄机场口岸蝇类本底资料。〔方法〕从1999年4月～2000年4月对石家庄机场室外蝇类成蝇的种群构成,密度,季节消长情况进行了调查。〔结果〕捕获成蝇2628只,分为4科11属11种;石家庄机场常见蝇类按全年种群构成依次为丝光丽蝇,大头金蝇,棕尾别麻蝇,巨尾阿丽蝇,家蝇,毛腹雪种蝇,厩腐蝇;不同季节有各自的优势种群;各成蝇蝇种在石家庄机场出现及发生高峰的时期不同。〔结论〕机场周围地区仍存在着蝇类孳生地,出入境检验检疫机关应组织机场有关部门及周围居民,开展经常性的灭蝇工作,以防止传染病的发生。     

2007年济南市农村蝇类种群与密度调查

[目的]了解济南市农村蝇类密度与种类分布情况,为制订有效地蝇类防制措施提供依据.[方法]2007年5月,在济南市选择槐荫区(黄河以南)、商河县(黄河以北)农村选择6个村庄,采用捕蝇笼诱捕法进行蝇类密度和种类分布调查.[结果]蝇类密度(只/笼·8 h),5月15～17日黄河以南4个村庄为(33.50±60.37),黄河以北2个村庄为(31.10±28.33)(P>0.05);5月15～17日饲养牛羊的2个村庄为(86.40±60.05),未饲养牛羊的2个村庄为(7.60±8.77)(P<0.01).在黄河以南2个村庄捕获的629只苍蝇分属丽蝇科(占28.62%)、蝇科(占56.60%)、麻蝇科(占13.67%)、花蝇科(占1.11%),包括巨尾阿丽蝇、大头金蝇、丝光绿蝇、棕尾别麻蝇、尾黑麻蝇、横带花蝇、家蝇.[结论]济南市黄河南、北农村蝇类密度相近,饲养牛羊村庄蝇类密度较高.     

金华市区优势蝇种数量的季节消长

自 1998年 6月至 11月和 1999年 3月至 11月 ,以笼捕法对金华市区优势蝇种数量的季节消长进行了分析和研究。结果表明 ,金华市区的优势蝇种是大头金蝇、市蝇、丝光绿蝇和铜绿蝇 ,在一些月份中巨尾阿丽蝇也成为当月的优势种。大头金蝇的数量季节消长是以夏季为高峰的单峰型 ,市蝇是以夏秋季为高峰的单峰型 ,丝光绿蝇和铜绿蝇是以春秋季为高峰的双峰型 ,巨尾阿丽蝇只在早春和晚秋出现。     

2013年大连市不同生态环境蝇类密度及种群结构分析

目的了解大连市农贸市场、餐饮外环境、绿化带和居民区等不同生态环境蝇类种群构成及其季节变化规律,为蝇类防制提供科学依据。方法 2013年4—11月采用捕蝇笼法调查不同环境蝇种构成和种群密度、重要蝇种季节消长。结果大连市常见蝇种有3科7亚科10属11种,优势种依次为丝光绿蝇、大头金蝇、厩腐蝇、黑尾黑麻蝇、家蝇、巨尾阿丽蝇,平均密度指数为22.30,蝇类活动高峰期为6—9月,不同生态环境密度指数最高的为绿化带(41.21),其次是居民区(37.50)、农贸市场(19.08),最低的为餐饮外环境(6.85)。结论大连地区蝇类种群密度较高,活动季节较长,种类较丰富。防治工作应以6~9月为重点,并充分考虑丝光绿蝇、大头金蝇、厩腐蝇、黑尾黑麻蝇、家蝇、巨尾阿丽蝇的生活习性。     

武汉市江夏区蝇类种群动态调查研究

目的了解江夏区纸纺街2010年蝇类的种群动态,为蝇传疾病的预防和灭蝇工作提供理论依据。方法蝇类采用笼诱法。结果蝇类有4科7属11种,家蝇、丝光绿蝇、大头金蝇和巨尾阿丽蝇为优势种,分别占蝇类总数的34.8%、18.4%、13.7%和13.4%;家蝇密度季节消长曲线呈双峰状,丝光绿蝇和大头金蝇呈单峰状,而巨尾阿丽蝇呈多峰状。年均蝇密度为:农贸市场>绿化带>餐饮外环境>居民区。优势蝇种优势度季节消长曲线和密度季节消长基本一致。结论家蝇、丝光绿蝇和大头金蝇为主要防治对象,全区5-11月应开展灭蝇工作。     

武夷山口岸蝇类种群密度及季节消长观察

目的了解武夷山口岸蝇类的种群密度与季节消长规律。方法选择武夷山机场及其周边3个自然村为观察点,采用笼诱法,每旬观察1次,以每次平均捕蝇数计算蝇密度〔只/(日·笼)〕。结果本次调查共捕获各种蝇类13929只,隶属6科32属51种;平均密度48.4只/(日·笼);大头金蝇为当地优势蝇种,占全部捕蝇数的43.07%,其次为巨尾阿丽蝇、丝光绿蝇、家蝇,分别占15.16%、8.56%和8.08%。4～5月为当地蝇类活动高峰期,但不同蝇种的活动高峰期各异,大头金蝇主要出现于4～10月;家蝇的高峰期分别出现于4、10月份;丝光绿蝇出现于4～9月,而巨尾阿丽蝇则于冬春季的1～4月为活动高峰。结论武夷山口岸及其周围环境蝇类种群丰富,密度较高,环境治理是控制蝇密度的根本措施。     

济南公路口岸有瓣蝇类种群及其构成调查

对济南公路口岸有瓣蝇类种群构成情况进行了调查，共捕获有瓣蝇类30241只，经鉴定发现有5科24属43种。优势种有大头金蝇、丝光绿蝇、舍蝇、麻蝇类、既腐蝇、巨尾阿丽蝇、叉丽蝇等，且不同月份优势种群所占构成比例变化较大。黄粪蝇、南蝇、新月陪丽蝇、伪叉麻蝇、宽角折麻蝇、野亚麻蝇、斑摩蜂麻蝇等首次在济南地区发现，以前未见报道。     

昆明机场蝇密度及季节消长调查

从1997年4月至1998年3月。对昆明机场蝇密度及季节消长情况进行了一次本底调查。共捕获蝇4085只。经分类鉴定,分为10种。优势蝇种为家蝇。3月、4月、5月和6月为蝇密度高峰期。丝光绿蝇、巨尾阿丽蝇和肥须亚麻蝇等的高峰在7月。     

2010-2011年汶川县病媒生物苍蝇密度监测

目的 5.12汶川特大地震后,通过对病媒生物苍蝇种群、密度及季节消长情况的监测,为汶川开展病媒生物防治提供科学依据.方法 采用诱蝇笼法,选择中心城区餐饮外环境2处,农贸集市1处,公园绿化带1处和居民区1处的垃圾回收点(桶)进行布放;2010-04/10,2011-03/11每月中旬监测1次.结果 2010年-2011年共开展苍蝇监测16次,布放诱蝇笼80个,捕获蝇类2039只,以丝光绿蝇和巨尾阿丽蝇为优势种,分别占捕获蝇类的44.87％和30.46％,不同生境中以绿化带密度最高,为67.47只/笼,其次是农贸市场,为19.45只/笼,6月和9月为蝇密度高峰.结论 2010-2011年汶川县地震后苍蝇种群结构以丝光绿蝇和巨尾阿丽蝇为优势种,全年蝇密度出现6和9月2个高峰,各种环境类型中以绿化带密度最高,是重点应该采取防控的环境类型.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.     

Assessing occupational and environmental exposure

Exposure assessment is a poorly understood component of the science of epidemiology. The relationship between exposure to chemicals and ill-health outcomes is often calculated using crude exposure measures such as ever/never exposed or duration. When investigating subtle effects, exposures need to be characterized much more fully in terms of intensity, frequency, duration and route. While occupational exposures tend to be much greater than those experienced from the wider environment there is a need to remember that, for many chemicals, exposure can occur occupationally, environmentally and through consumer use of products containing the material of interest. Inhalation exposure has generally been the traditional focus for most epidemiological investigations but there is now growing awareness of the importance of the dermal and ingested routes of contact and internalization. Quantification of the exposure also needs to be related to a biological mechanism of action and exposure metrics need to be selected accordingly. Occupational exposures can generally be measured using simple well-validated techniques. Environmental exposures require much more sensitive instruments and are more difficult to assess. Exposure modelling, particularly for the environmental fate of chemicals has undergone many recent developments and Monte Carlo techniques can be used to characterize model uncertainty and variability. This approach to exposure assessment can now be used in the setting of the wider environment and will enable a far better understanding of the relationship between exposure and disease.     

Mercury toxicity due to the smelting of placer gold recovered by mercury amalgam

A 19-year-old man developed tremor in both hands and fatigue after starting work at a placer gold mine where he was exposed to mercury-gold amalgam. Examination revealed an intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesis and mild rigidity. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration reached a peak of 715 nmol/l (143 ug/l) shortly before the clinical examination, after which he was removed from working in the gold room [Mercury No. Adverse Effect Level: 250 nmol/l (50 ug/l)]. On review 7 weeks later his tremor had almost resolved and the dysdiadochokinesis and rigidity had gone. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration had fallen to 160 nmol/l (32 ug/l). The principal exposure to mercury was considered to be the smelting of retorted gold with previously unrecognized residual mercury in it. The peak air concentration of mercury vapour during gold smelting was 0.533 mg/m3 (Mercury Vapour ACGIH TLV: 0.05 mg/m3 TWA). Several engineering and procedural controls were instituted. This episode occurred at another mine site, unrelated to Mount Isa Mines Limited.     

How Adults with Acquired Brain Damage Perceive Computer Training as a Rehabilitation Tool: A Focus-group Study

The aim of this study was to explore and describe how adult outpatients with acquired brain damage and referred to occupational therapy perceive computer training with the RehaCom programs, in order to evaluate the method of treatment as a tool in the rehabilitation of persons with cognitive disorders. By using focus-group discussions as a qualitative method of research when analysing the result, five themes with corresponding categories emerged, describing a development of understanding and learning about capacities. Themes describing how the participants could apply strategies to overcome shortcomings in daily occupations and the therapeutic role of the occupational therapist were identified as well. The result shows that a computer training program such as RehaCom can be used as an educational tool, for example, to guide a person who is trying to adopt compensatory strategies to avoid overload by taking pauses. It was found that anything the participants learned was also applicable to occupational performance in daily life.