Endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy in necrotising pancreatitis: a systematic review

Objective

We performed a systematic review to assess the outcome of endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy in necrotising pancreatitis with additional focus on indication, disease severity, and methodological quality of studies.

Design

We searched the literature published between January 2005 and June 2013. Cohorts, including patients with (infected) necrotising pancreatitis, undergoing endoscopic necrosectomy were included. Indication, disease severity, and methodological quality were described. The main outcomes were mortality, major complications, number of endoscopic sessions, and definitive successful treatment with endoscopic necrosectomy alone.

Results

After screening 581 papers, 14 studies, including 455 patients, fulfilled the eligibility criteria. All included studies were retrospective analyses except for one randomized, controlled trial. Overall methodological quality was moderate to low (mean 5, range 2–9). Less than 50 % of studies reported on pre-procedural severity of disease: mean APACHE-II score before intervention was 8; organ failure was present in 23 % of patients; and infected necrosis in 57 % of patients. On average, four (range 1–23) endoscopic interventions were performed per patient. With endoscopic necrosectomy alone, definitive successful treatment was achieved in 81 % of patients. Mortality was 6 % (28/460 patients) and complications occurred in 36 % of patients. Bleeding was the most common complication.

Conclusions

Endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy is an effective treatment for the majority of patients with necrotising pancreatitis with acceptable mortality and complication rates. It should be noted that methodological quality of the available studies is limited and that the combined patient population of endoscopically treated patients is only moderately ill.     

Endoscopic necrosectomy of pancreatic necrosis: a systematic review

Aim  

To review the current status of the novel technique of endoscopic necrosectomy in the management of pancreatic necrosis after acute pancreatitis.     

前列腺素E1治疗急性胰腺炎的系统评价

目的 评价前列腺素E1治疗急性胰腺炎的临床疗效和安全性.方法 通过计算机检索全面收集(1966年1月至2008年10月)全世界关于前列腺素E1治疗急性胰腺炎的随机对照试验或半随机对照试验,并辅手工检索和其他检索.按照纳入排除标准纳入文献,由2名研究者独立筛选并提取资料,采用Handbook 4.2.6推荐的质量评价标准评价纳入研究的质量,采用Rev Man 4.2.10软件进行统计学处理.结果 最终纳入5项研究310例病人.Meta分析结果 显示前列腺素E1+常规治疗组与常规治疗组比较,在腹痛缓解时间、腹痛完全消失时间、血清淀粉酶恢复正常时间、治愈时间方面差异有统计学意义.结论 当前研究显示,前列腺素E1+常规治疗能显著缩短急性胰腺炎病人的腹痛缓解时间、腹痛完全消失时间、血清淀粉酶恢复正常时间和治愈时间.     

Intra‐abdominal vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) after necrosectomy for acute necrotising pancreatitis: preliminary experience

Infection of pancreatic necrosis, although present in less than 10% of acute pancreatitis, carries a high risk of mortality; debridment and drainage of necrosis is the treatment of choice, followed by ‘open’ or ‘close’ abdomen management. We recently introduced the use of intra‐abdominal vacuum sealing after a classic necrosectomy and laparostomy. Two patients admitted to ICU for respiratory insufficiency and a diagnosis of severe acute pancreatitis developed pancreatic necrosis and were treated by necrosectomy, lesser sac marsupialisation and posterior lumbotomic opening. Both of the patients recovered from pancreatitis and a good healing of laparostomic wounds was obtained with the use of the VAC system. Most relevant advantages of this technique seem to be: the prevention of abdominal compartment syndrome, the simplified nursing of patients and the reduction of time to definitive abdominal closure.     

Laparoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy in a child with severe acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis (AP) in children usually follows a mild course but occasionally may be severally problematic. We report the case of a 12-year-old boy with severe AP who was managed with repeated laparoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy. Three weeks later he represented with a pancreatic pseudocyst that was treated with endoscopic gastrocystotomy. His abdominal pain persisted and a subsequent magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogram showed multiple gallbladder and common bile duct (CBD) stones that were missed on previous imaging investigations. He underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with transcystic exploration of the CBD. The patient is currently well, more than 2 years following the definitive corrective surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of laparoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy in a child.     

Endoscopic necrosectomy of organized pancreatic necrosis: a currently practiced NOTES procedure

Background  Endoscopic necrosectomy is now an established minimally invasive method for treatment of organized pancreatic necrosis. Methods  Review of methods and results of endoscopic treatment of pancreatic necrosis. Results  Reports by multiple groups have demonstrated favorable results of endoscopic necrosectomy. The mortality of critically ill patients undergoing endoscopic treatment in several series is approximately 10%. Some patients will eventually also require surgery for situations such as complete pancreatic duct disruption, but even in these cases endoscopic necrosectomy is useful because pancreatic surgery can often be delayed until the patient is stable. Conclusions  Endoscopic necrosectomy will likely assume an increasing role in the treatment of pancreatic necrosis. This should result in reduced morbidity and mortality in these critically ill patients.     

Surgical approach in acute necrotising pancreatitis

Acute necrotising pancreatitis is a dramatic and often life-threatening disease with a high rate of mortality, varying between 30-70% and necessitating heavy medical care. The surgical attitude regarding acute necrotising pancreatitis is disputed between the supporters of drainage with closed abdomen and the supporters of laparatomy with open drainage. The goal of this study is the evaluation of the number of intervention required, the timing of the interventions and the mortality and morbidity in a group of patients with necrotising pancreatitis. The studied group consists in 112 patients with necrotising pancreatitis, treated in Surgical Clinic of Caritas "Prof. Dr. N. Cajal" Clinical Hospital, Bucharest during 1983-2005. Infection of pancreatic necrosis supervened in 55,35% of patients in this group, not any pancreatic necrosis becomes infected. Infected necrosis is not synonymous for abscessed of necrosis, in the same patient pancreatic necrosis, infected pancreatic necrosis and abscessed necrosis may coexist. Clinical and biological criteria are the decisive factors in the indication for surgical treatment, the radiology being decisive in the choice of the laparotomy approach. In the study group 50,89% of patients necessitated only one surgical intervention. Implicitly, more than half of the patients would have been suffered multiple useless planned staged relaparotomies. The mortality in our study group treated by the method of closed drainage was 25,89%.     

Endoscopic endonasal versus transcranial approach to resection of olfactory groove meningiomas: a systematic review

Neurosurgical Review - Despite the increasing utility of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for management of anterior skull base (ASB) pathologies, the optimal treatment strategy for...     

Endoscopic surveillance for bladder cancer: a systematic review of contemporary worldwide practices

BackgroundThe aim of this systematic review was to identify the current endoscopic surveillance strategies in use across the world and to determine whether these were sufficient or if any recommendations for changes in the guidelines could be made. This review focused on the cystoscopic follow-up of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients who had undergone bladder sparing treatments.MethodsA literature search was carried out on Medline and Embase using OVID gateway according to a pre-defined protocol. Systematic screening of the identified studies was carried out by two authors. Quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs critical appraisal tools. Data was extracted on various aspects including the follow-up regime utilised, patients included, outcomes investigated and a summary of the results. The studies were compared in a narrative nature.ResultsA total of 2,604 studies were identified from the search strategy, of which 14 were deemed suitable for inclusion following the screening process. The studies identified were from nine countries and were mainly observational or qualitative. There was a huge variation in the follow-up regimes utilised within the studies with no clear consensus as to which regime was the most suitable. However, all studies utilised an initial cystoscopy at three months post-TURBT. No studies were identified which investigated the endoscopic follow-up strategies for MIBC patients who opted for bladder conservation with chemoradiation.ConclusionsThere is no universally accepted protocol for endoscopic follow-up of patients with NMIBC bladder cancer. Guidance on cystoscopic monitoring of bladder in patients who have undergone chemoradiation for MIBC is also lacking.     

Endoscopic findings after CT proven acute diverticulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Traditionally, international guidelines recommend patients with acute diverticulitis should be followed up with a colonoscopy 6–8 weeks after discharge. However, the need for an interval colonoscopy has been increasingly challenged in the setting of computed tomography (CT). Previous meta-analyses have included studies which combined suspected rather than imaging confirmed diverticulitis and often without correlation with endoscopic findings. This meta-analysis aims to investigate endoscopic findings of patients with CT confirmed diverticulitis.

Methods

An electronic search of Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO ICTRP was performed up to October 18, 2021. Studies which reported CT confirmed acute diverticulitis in adults and who underwent endoscopic follow-up with either a colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy were included. Studies were excluded if diverticulitis was diagnosed by clinical grounds alone, ultrasound, barium enema, or other non-CT forms of imaging.

Results

A total of 68 studies with 13 905 patients were included. Median age was 58 years and male to female ratio was 0.84. Cancer was detected in 2.0% and advanced adenoma in 3.8%. Complicated diverticulitis had 9.2 higher odds of cancer compared to uncomplicated diverticulitis (95% CI 4.42–19.08, P < 0.001). Adenomas were detected in 17%. Of those diagnosed with colorectal cancer, 85% were concordant with the site of the diverticulitis on CT while 15% were incidental findings.

Conclusion

Routine colonoscopic follow up should be recommended in medically fit patients who have CT proven acute diverticulitis due to the higher than population prevalence of colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas.     

Endoscopic axillary dissection: A systematic review of the literature

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility, effectiveness and morbidity associated with Endoscopic Axillary Dissection.MethodsAll studies published from 1990 until December 2008 in MEDLINE, LILACS, and COCHRANE. These studies were selected by two levels of criteria. Methodological designs, operating parameters, and postoperative follow-up were selected from each publication.ResultsWe extracted 49 citations and 12 were analyzed. The average age was 54.95 ± 5.84 years. The surgical time was longer than the open procedure. The average number of extracted nodes exceeded ten. Technical problems and intra-operative complications had a rare occurrence. The recurrence was 0.5% (4/752). Two port metastases were registered. The methodological quality score average was 14.75.ConclusionsThis procedure meets the tumor control and staging requirements. It has shown similar results to the traditional procedure in terms of patient recovery, although the available evidence is not methodologically appropriate and does not justify its oncological safety.