踏车运动试验中校正QT间期的应用价值

目的 :探讨校正 QT间期 (Q Tc)在踏车运动试验中的变化及意义。方法 :分析 16 5例确诊或疑诊冠心病 (CHD)而行冠状动脉造影检查的患者亚极量踏车运动试验前后 QTc的动态变化 ,计算以运动后即刻 QTc≥430 ms作为运动试验阳性判断标准的临床价值 ,并与传统 ST段下移标准的临床价值进行对照。结果 :CHD组运动后即刻 ,2、4m in QTc较运动前均显著延长 (均 P <0 .0 1) ,而冠状动脉正常组运动后即刻 QTc较运动前仅轻度延长 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;以运动后即刻 QTc≥ 430 ms作为运动试验阳性的判断标准 ,其特异性、敏感性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为 0 .886 (P <0 .0 2 )、0 .884(P >0 .0 5 )、0 .885 (P <0 .0 2 )、0 .913(P <0 .0 5 )、0 .849(P>0 .0 5 ) ,显著优于传统的 ST段下移标准。结论 :运动后即刻 QTc≥ 430 ms可作为运动试验阳性的判断标准 ,它有利于克服 ST段下移标准误诊率高、假阳性率高的缺点     

踏车运动试验QTc间期延长对冠心病的诊断价值

本比较40例正常人及48例冠心病患踏车运动试验前后心电图QTc间期变化，发现冠心病组运动前QTc间期较正常组延长，正常组运动后即刻、2．4min QTc较运动前明显缩短，而冠心病组运动后2、4、6min均较运动前明显延长。提示踏车运动后QTc间期延长≥440ms可作为诊断冠心病的有效指标之一。     

冠心病患者运动试验中QRS波时间变化

观察了42例踏车试验阳性的冠心病人及20例踏车试验阴性的正常人踏车运动试验前后QRS波时间的变化，结果显示，正常人踏车即刻2、4、分钟QRS波时间较踏车前明显缩短（P均＜0．05）。冠心病组踏车后即刻、2、4、6分钟较踏车前显著延长（P均＜0．05），ST段明显压低者，QRS波时间延长更显著，提示冠心病患者运动致QRS时间延长是心肌缺血的一个标志。     

平板运动前后QTc变化与冠心病相关分析

观察27例患者运动前后各时间的QTc变化情况和ST段标准结果,并与冠脉造影结果比较分析,结果显示:冠脉正常组与冠脉病变组运动前QTc无明显差异;冠脉病变组运动后即刻2′4′6′较运动前明显延长(P<0.01或P<0.001)。而冠脉正常组无差异(P>0.05)。但两组间差异显著(P<0.01)。冠脉病变组出现ST段下移时间及下移程度与病变范围呈正相关。     

女性平板运动试验前后QTc离散度变化的意义

目的　探讨女性运动试验前后 QTc离散度 ( QTcd)的变化 (△ QTcd)意义。方法　随机选取经冠状动脉造影证实的冠心病和非冠心病各 30例 ,对比观察它们在平板运动试验前后的 QTcd和△ QTcd。结果　 ( 1)冠心病组运动后 QTcd较运动前显著延长 ( P<0 .0 0 1) ,非冠心病组运动后 QTcd较运动前无明显延长 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ,冠心病组的△ QTcd( 2 3± 12 ms)较非冠心病组的△ QTcd( 2± 10 m s)显著增大( P<0 .0 0 1)。 ( 2 )以△ QTcd>10 ms为运动试验阳性标准 ,诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性和阳性预测值明显优于 ST段标准 ( 93%对 73% ,90 %对 6 7%和 90 %对 6 9% ,P均 <0 .0 5 )。结论　△ QTcd>10 ms可作为女性运动试验阳性的一项良好的心电学指标     

用潘生丁试验的QTc改变检测冠心病——一种新的诊断方法的探讨

本文对冠心病(CHD)患者和健康者分别进行潘生丁试验(DP-T)和次极量踏车运动试验(EX-T),以探讨QTc,ΔR,ST段改变对CHD患者的诊断价值。方法CHD 组35例(男26例,女9例),平均年龄57.4岁(30～74岁),均有劳力性心绞痛发作史。     

潘生丁试验中QT间期离散度增加对冠心病诊断价值的探讨

目的观察冠心病患者潘生丁试验前后心电图ST段、校正QT间期(QTc)及QT间期离散度(QTd)的变化,以探讨潘生丁试验时诊断冠心病的更敏感及特异的指标。方法对30例冠心病患者(冠心病组)及32例正常者(对照组)进行潘生丁试验,记录试验前后12导联同步心电图,测量其ST段,QTc及QTd的改变。根据受试者作业特征曲线(ROC曲线)求出QTc及QTd的阳性分界点,结合传统诊断标准ST段下移≥0．1mV,分别计算其特异性及敏感性。并与“并联诊断”方法进行比较。结果以潘生丁试验诊断冠心病时,如分别以ST段下移≥0．1mv、QTc≥440ms、QTd≥40ms为标准,其特异性分别为100％、68．8％、93．8％;敏感性分别为53．3％、83．3％和87．6％。如采用“并联诊断”方法,分别以ST段下移≥0．1mV和QTc≥440ms、ST段下移≥0．1mV和QTd≥40ms、QTc≥440ms和QTd≥40ms为标准,其特异性分别为68．8％、93．8％、68．8％。敏感性分别为70．0％、96．8％、90．0％。结论在潘生丁试验时,如以传统的诊断标准(ST段下移≥0．1mV),结合QTd≥40ms,可明显提高其诊断的敏感性而不影响其特异性,QTd≥40ms可作为潘生丁试验时诊断冠心病的一项重要参考指标。     

运动试验无诱发胸痛或ST段压低患者运动后QT离散度预测明显冠脉狭窄的价值

踏车运动试验的心电图变化是检测冠心病最常用的无创伤性方法之一。然而,有些明显冠脉狭窄患者踏车运动试验时并未诱发胸痛或ST段压低。有研究报道应激期间因暂时心肌缺血的发生,从而增加了心室复极的不一致性,其表现为QT离散度(QTd)增大。作者计算运动试验无诱发胸痛或ST段压低患者运动试验前、后的QTd和QTcd,7d后做冠脉造影,旨在探讨运动试验无诱发胸痛或ST段压低患者运动试验后的QTd预测明显冠脉狭窄的价值。对象和方法研究对象为135例无心肌梗死史、运动试验时既无明显ST段压低亦无胸痛者。全部患者进行症状限止踏车运动试验,以50mm/S走纸速度记录运动试验前(基础值)、运动试验后(即刻)12导联心电图。自QRS波起点至T波终     

复合试验后△QTc改变对冠心病诊断的估价

本文采用潘生丁—食管心房调搏心脏负荷复合试验观察35例冠心病和31例健康人试验前、后QTc和ΔQTc变化,结果提示:冠心病组ΔQTc与健康组比较有显著性差异(0.036±0.014秒,0.013±0.014秒,P<0.01)。如取QTc≥0.425秒和ΔQTc≥0.03秒为阳性标准,其敏感性为78％,75％,特异性为93.6％,90.6％。并注意到随着刺激频率增加,冠心病组ΔQTc有逐渐延长趋势。我们建议在复合试验的基础上参考ΔQTc和QTc的变化,可进一步提高潘生丁试验的特异性。     

ANRIL基因多态性与冠心病患者QT间期延长的关联研究

目的 在冠心病人群中,探讨长非编码RNA ANRIL tag SNPs与QT间期的关系。方法 对该人群628人进行临床检测,记录标准12导联心电图,计算校正的QT间期(QTc), QTc男性<450 ms、女性<460 ms设为对照组,QTc男性≥450 ms、女性≥460 ms设为延长组,采用Fluidigm芯片(192.24)对ANRIL tag SNPs进行分型。结果 QTc正常者为510人,占调查人群的81.21%;QTc延长者为118人,占调查人群的18.79%。单因素分析发现QTc延长与年龄(p<0.001)、尿酸(p=0.036)、冠脉狭窄严重程度(p=0.024)以及ANRIL多态性(rs944796, rs10965244, rs10965245)等相关; Logistics回归校正其他因素后,rs10965245仍与男性QTc延长相关。结论 该人群ANRIL基因多态性与冠心病患者获得性QT间期延长明显相关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.