磷酸三钙生物陶瓷骨内植入的研究

拔牙后牙槽嵴生理性萎缩难以维护理想的义齿固位形态。采用羟基磷灰石根状种植体值入增高牙槽嵴或无牙颌牙槽骨骨膜下植入生物材料增高牙槽嵴，其应用均受到一定限制。作者选择磷酸三钙生物陶瓷颗粒材料，经动物实验表明，可引导形成新骨。并运用于临床拔牙后立即植入牙槽窝，经平均７２．４周的临床观察，局部牙槽嵴丰满，无明显牙槽骨萎缩吸收现象，比对照组牙槽嵴高度和宽度分别增加２．８１２ｍｍ和１．６４５ｍｍ，两组间存在二     

Bio-oss和Bio-oss骨胶原保持牙槽骨量的临床研究

目的观察Bio-oss及Bio-oss骨胶原填充于拔牙后新鲜牙槽窝对于早期牙槽嵴形态改建的影响。方法24枚上、下颌后牙拔除后同时给予不同处理,其中拔牙窝填充混合富血小板血浆的Bio-oss(BP组)7例;拔牙窝填充Bio-oss骨胶原(BC组)7例;拔牙窝自然愈合(C组)10例。牙齿拔除后1～2周、9～12周两次复诊,观察牙龈愈合差异,取模型,测量缺牙处牙槽嵴宽度,行不同组间及组内的前后比较。结果各组牙槽嵴宽度前后模型测量存在差异(P<0.05);BP组与BC组,BP组与C组间前后差值存在显著差异(P<0.05)。结论Bio-oss植入减轻了拔牙后牙槽嵴的吸收,Bio-oss骨胶原对于拔牙窝嵴顶处牙龈上皮的爬行覆盖具有促进作用。     

Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵预防后牙重度牙周炎拔牙后出现并发症的疗效评价

目的评价Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵预防后牙重度牙周炎患者拔牙后出现并发症的临床效果。方法以450例重度牙周炎患者共486颗需拔除的后牙为研究对象,根据患牙拔除后在牙槽窝内使用不同的材料,随机分成3组,试验组在牙槽窝内放置Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵（A组）,材料对照组则在牙槽窝内放置普通可吸收性明胶海绵（B组）以及空白对照组在牙槽窝内不放置任何材料（C组）。观察拔牙后0．5h、2d和7d时3组拔牙后牙槽窝的出血及感染的发生情况,采用SPSS17．0软件卡方检验来计算各组并发症的发生率。结果3组拔牙后出血发生率分别为A组2．44％、B组5．56％、C组9．38％,感染发生率分别为A组1．22％、B组4．32％、C组7．50％,试验组拔牙后牙槽窝内出血及感染的发生率明显低于材料对照组及空白对照组,3组间的差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵对后牙重度牙周炎患者拔牙后出现并发症的预防疗效显著,可在临床推广使用。     

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拔牙位点保存技术是为了预防及减少牙槽嵴的废用性萎缩吸收及牙龈乳头的退缩,使牙槽嵴骨量的高度、宽度及密度满足后期种植的需要,并使牙龈乳头恢复正常高度以满足美学要求的一种方法。本文就拔牙后牙槽窝的生理性变化、牙槽骨及软组织的保存方法及现有的植骨材料做一介绍。     

复方骨形成蛋白生物膜植入牙槽窝的实验研究

目的:以骨形成蛋白、固定化凝血酶、头孢哌酮钠为主药,水溶性壳聚糖为主要膜材,制备复方骨形成蛋白牙槽生物黏附膜,植入大鼠牙槽窝观察其对拔牙后牙槽骨的影响。方法:选用大鼠54只,随机分为3组(实验组、单纯壳聚糖组、对照组),在拔除大鼠下颌切牙后牙槽窝内即刻植入复方骨形成蛋白生物膜、单纯壳聚糖及空白对照。3组动物于植入后3、6、9周时处死,切取下颌骨,用软X线机检查剩余牙槽嵴相对剩余高度、双能X线骨密度分析仪测定骨密度值、常规病理切片观察牙槽窝成骨情况。结果:植入后3、6、9周时实验组剩余牙槽嵴相对剩余高度和骨密度值均高于单纯壳聚糖组及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);病理切片显示实验组牙槽窝成骨情况优于单纯壳聚糖组及对照组。结论:复方骨形成蛋白生物膜处方组成合理,是预防剩余牙槽骨吸收的有效方法之一,有一定的临床意义。     

珊瑚骨粉复合组织补片进行拔牙位点保存的临床研究

目的探讨使用珊瑚骨粉复合组织补片进行拔牙位点保存的临床效果。方法选取自2012年12月至2014年2月期间在武警总医院口腔种植科门诊采用微创技术拔除磨牙的患者45例,试验组20例,拔牙窝内植入珊瑚骨粉,组织补片覆盖表面关闭拔牙窝;对照组25例,拔牙后常规处理。1、3、6个月复诊,观察拔牙窝愈合情况。拔牙前及拔牙6个月后进行口内取模灌注石膏模型并拍摄X线牙片,分别测量牙槽嵴的高度和宽度,使用配对t检验分别对两组拔牙前至6个月期间牙槽嵴高度、宽度的变化进行统计学分析,使用两独立样本的t检验进行两组间牙槽嵴高度、宽度变化的比较,P〈0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果临床观察除有一例组织补片脱落外,试验组其他拔牙窝均愈合良好,牙槽骨丰满,牙龈色、形、质与邻牙协调;而对照组牙槽嵴吸收、萎缩,高度降低、宽度显著缩小。统计学分析试验组牙槽嵴高度和宽度的改变无显著的统计学差异（P〉0.05）;对照组的上述改变具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。两组间牙槽嵴高度、宽度的变化相比,二者间的差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论珊瑚骨粉复合组织补片有效保存了进行种植牙修复所必需的骨量,是进行拔牙后位点保存术的合适材料。     

不同种植材料牙槽窝保存术对后牙区牙槽嵴吸收的影响

目的 ：探讨不同种植材料牙槽窝保存术对后牙拔除患者牙槽嵴吸收的影响。方法：选择2016年3月—2020年4月浙江绿城心血管病医院收治的后牙拔除患者86例,按照随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,各43例。试验组患者拔牙后将富血小板纤维蛋白（platelet-rich fibrin,PRF）植入牙槽窝内,对照组患者拔牙后将胶原蛋白塞植入牙槽窝内。观察创面愈合时间,术后即刻和术后6个月牙槽嵴软组织高度、牙槽嵴宽度等指标变化。采用SPSS 23.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：试验组术后创面愈合时间为（10.52±3.14）天,显著低于对照组的（17.68±5.35）天（P<0.05）;试验组术后6个月上颌牙龈最高点或下颌牙龈最低点牙槽嵴软组织高度显著小于对照组（P<0.05）,但近中龈乳头、远中龈乳头牙槽嵴软组织高度比较,2组无显著差异（P>0.05）;试验组术后6个月牙槽嵴宽度在根长20%处、根长70%处均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,但在根长50%处2组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：与胶原蛋白塞相比,在拔牙位点保存中应用PRF,能促进创面愈合,...     

拔牙后牙槽窝即刻植入纳米羟基磷灰石的临床观察

目的:研究拔牙后即刻植入纳米羟基磷灰石颗粒预防术后牙槽骨吸收,保持牙槽嵴高度的临床疗效。方法:选择16例需同时拔除下颌两侧相同部位后牙的患者,按左右分组,左侧为拔牙后立即填塞颗粒型纳米羟基磷灰石,右侧为拔牙后传统搔刮血块充盈对照。4周、12周分别复诊,摄X线片检查。对牙槽窝的愈合,牙槽嵴高度进行观察。结果:16例患者创口愈合良好。两组比较,12周后实验组X线片见牙槽窝处的X线阻射影与周围牙槽骨密度相近,界限不清,恢复的牙槽嵴与周围基本平齐,牙槽高度恢复良好。对照组牙槽嵴高度明显降低,实验组牙槽嵴高度降低不明显。结论:拔牙创内即刻植入纳米羟基磷灰石不影响创口愈合,能促进新骨的形成,很好地维持牙槽嵴高度,为以后进行义齿修复提供一个良好的基骨条件。     

拔牙后牙槽嵴保持的临床研究现状

<正>拔牙后的牙槽嵴存在一个不可逆、进行性的吸收过程。牙槽窝本身的愈合过程表现为牙槽窝内新骨的形成和外部牙槽嵴高度和宽度的丧失。而牙槽嵴高度和宽度的丧失,给今后牙列的修复和种植治疗带来了牙槽骨骨量不足的问题,成为临     

牙槽窝即刻植骨延期不翻瓣牙种植的疗效评价

目的:观察拔牙后牙槽窝内即刻植骨延期不翻辩牙种植的临床效果.方法:对23例要求拔牙后作牙种植修复的病例,在拔牙后的牙槽窝即刻植入人工骨粒(bio-oss或脱钙骨).3个月后,在植骨位置行临床常规X线和骨量器检查确定足够的牙槽骨骨量并行不翻瓣牙种植.结果:通过临床和X线观察,植骨后牙槽骨外形丰满,高度和宽度基本保持.不翻瓣牙种植顺利,手术损伤反应小.36个牙种植体初期稳定性均达30N以上,随访观察6～62个月,种植全部成功.讨论:拔牙后牙槽窝即刻植骨可有效地保持牙槽骨外形,提供足够的牙槽骨高度和宽度.在足够骨量基础上行延期不翻瓣牙种植,可简化种植前检查和种植过程,减轻种植局部反应.结论:拔牙后牙槽窝即刻植骨延期不翻瓣牙种植是一种有效的临床设计方法.     

The Local Effect of Alendronate with Intra-alveolar Collagen Sponges on Post Extraction Alveolar ridge Resorption: A Clinical Trial

Introduction

Extraction of teeth is followed by resorption of the residual alveolar ridge that continues throughout life resulting in loss of alveolar height and width. Of the numerous techniques that have been used to arrest post extraction alveoloar ridge resorption, the placement of a graft material inside the socket immediately after extraction has been mostly followed. Type 1 collagen is one of the commonly used graft material that prevent resorption by providing dimensional stability to the socket. Bisphosphonates are an anti-osteoclastic drug that prevent resorption by disrupting the membrane ruffling of the osteoclasts. Alendronate a bisphosphonate, is primarily used in diseases with bone loss. It has been used to reduce active bone resorption significantly without interfering with bone mineralization and quality. The need for the study is to examine the inhibitory effect of alendronate on residual ridge resorption when applied locally in combination with type I collagen on alveolar bone immediately following tooth extraction.

Materials and Methods

Twenty patients with age between 30 and 65 years were selected from the out patient department of The Oxford Dental College and Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups. In the first group after extraction of teeth from premolar to midline the sockets were irrigated with saline and sutured. On the left side type I collagen sponge was placed and sutured. In the other group the right side was treated the same way after extraction as in first group where as in the left side sockets type I collagen soaked in 20 mg/ml of alendronate was placed and sutured. Patients were evaluated clinically for any local irritation as well as radiologically with orthopantomograph X-rays were taken immediately after the extraction, 1 month after extraction and 4 months after extraction to determine the amount of bone loss prevented.

Results

The statistically significant bone loss prevented by the collagen alone was 22.8 % and in collagen with alendronate group was 44.38 % at the end of 4 months.

Conclusion

Type I collagen soaked with alendronate when placed in the socket immediately after extraction of teeth prevents post-extraction alveolar ridge resorption.     

To assess the efficacy of socket plug technique using platelet rich fibrin with or without the use of bone substitute in alveolar ridge preservation: a prospective randomised controlled study

Aim

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) as a socket plug with or without use of Plaster of Paris (POP) as bone substitute to preserve the alveolar ridge post-extraction.

Material and methods

A prospective randomised single blind controlled study, was conducted for 18 months from November 2014 to May 2016 on 48 patients requiring extraction. All teeth were extracted atraumatically using periotomes and luxators without raising mucoperiosteal flap. Sockets were randomly allotted to groups A, B and C. Group A sockets were chosen as control, where figure of eight suture was placed. In group B sockets, PRF obtained by centrifugation was used as a socket plug and stabilised with figure of eight suture. Group C sockets were filled with POP and then covered with PRF. The socket was then closed with a figure of eight suture. Patients were informed of need for 6 months follow-up.

Results

Ninety sockets in 48 patients were subjected to our study. We found that results in the sockets where we have grafted POP showed better ridge preservation and post-operative comfort even though the difference in ridge resorption between the three groups was not statistically significant. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from the Aries Systems Corporation.

Conclusion

Atraumatic extraction may minimise the post-operative pain and discomfort to patient as well as the post-extraction alveolar height and width changes. The use of PRF and/or bone substitute even though clinically contributes to better post-operative healing and minimal loss of alveolar width and height, the values were not statistically significant.

     

Use of HTR synthetic bone as an augmentation material in conjunction with immediate implant placement: a case report

Immediate placement of dental implants (DI) in fresh extraction sockets is associated with remaining voids around the DI and often a partial dehiscence or thin facial alveolar plate. Bioplant HTR synthetic bone (HTR) was used as a ridge preservation/augmentation material in conjunction with this method of DI placement. A 61-year-old white woman requiring extraction of tooth 12 opted for immediate DI placement. HTR was used to fill the remaining socket void and enhance the facial ridge width, and primary closure was attempted with sutures. DI uncovering was performed at about 6 months. Measurements were taken to the nearest 0.5 mm of the internal socket width and total site width at DI placement and uncovering. The internal socket width was essentially maintained (6.8 vs 6.6 mm), and the total ridge width showed a change from 8.7 to 9.1 mm. The results of this case suggest that HTR is a useful adjunct in the placement of immediate DIs for the preservation of ridge width.     

Titanium membranes in prevention of alveolar collapse after tooth extraction

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The resorption of alveolar bone following tooth extraction results in a narrowing and shortening of the residual ridge, which leads to esthetic and restorative problems, and reduces the bone volume available for implant therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevention of alveolar collapse after tooth extraction, using titanium membrane (Frios Boneshield; DENTSPLY Friadent, Mannheim, Germany), associated (or not) with autologous bone graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 10 nonsmoking healthy subjects, ranging from 35 to 60 years old, were selected for this study. Each patient had a minimum of 2 uni-radicular periodontally hopeless teeth, which were scheduled for extraction. After the procedure, 2 titanium pins were fixed on the vestibular bone surfaces that were used as references for the initial measures (depth, width, and height) of the socket. Of the sockets,1 was randomly chosen to be filled with autologous bone graft (test) removed from superior maxillary tuber, and the other one did not receive the graft (control). A titanium membrane was adapted and fixed, covering the sockets, which remained for at least 10 weeks. After a 6-month healing, the final measures were performed. RESULTS: There was exposure of the membrane in 5 of the 10 treated subjects. Average bone filling (+/-standard deviation) among the 10 subjects was 8.80 +/- 2.93 mm (range 4-13) in the control group and 8.40 +/- 3.35 mm (range 4-13) in the test group. Average bone loss in width in both group was 1.40 +/- 1.97 mm (range -4-1) in the control group and 1.40 +/- 0.98 mm (range -4-0) in the test group. There was no significant statistical difference between groups considering the evaluated standards. CONCLUSION: The use of titanium membrane, alone or in association with autogenous bone, favored the prevention of alveolar ridge after tooth extraction. This membrane seems to be a possible and safe alternative to other nonresorbable membranes when the prevention of alveolar ridge resorption is the objective.     

Socket preservation using bovine bone mineral and collagen membrane: a randomized controlled clinical trial with histologic analysis

After tooth extraction, varying amounts of bone resorption occur because of qualitative and quantitative changes at the edentulous site of the alveolar process. The aims of this randomized controlled clinical trial were (1) to compare the postextraction changes in residual ridge dimensions during spontaneous healing with those during socket preservation, (2) to analyze the histologic and histomorphometric aspects of the grafted sockets, and (3) to compare probing procket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) changes at teeth adjacent to extraction sites. Forty-eight teeth were extracted from 41 patients referred for extraction of 1 or more maxillary or mandibular premolars or molars. The edentulous sites were randomly assigned to the control (EXT, extraction alone) or experimental groups (SP, extraction and socket preservation). In the SP group, the sockets were filled with bovine bone mineral and covered with porcine collagen membrane. At baseline and after 4 months, PPD, gingival recession (REC), and CAL were measured at teeth adjacent to the edentulous sites. The changes in ridge dimensions from baseline to 4 months were assessed on dental casts. At 4 months, bone was harvested from the grafted areas in the SP group and the edentulous areas in the EXT group. PPD, REC, and CAL were comparable between groups. However, from baseline to 4 months, the SP group showed significantly less reduction in ridge width (1.04 ± 1.08 mm vs 4.48 ± 0.65 mm, P < .001) and height (0.46 ± 0.46 mm vs 1.54 ± 0.33 mm, P < .001). Histologically, the grafted sockets exhibited various stages of bone maturation and formation without inflammatory responses. No significant difference in the mineralized and nonmineralized fractions was noted between the groups. Socket preservation using bovine bone mineral and porcine collagen membrane considerably limits the amount of horizontal and vertical bone resorption when compared with extraction alone.     

Ridge preservation with the use of Bio-Oss® collagen: A 6-month study in the dog

Background: In previous short-term studies, it was observed that while the placement of biomaterial in alveolar sockets may promote bone formation and ridge preservation, the graft may in fact also delay healing.
Aim: The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the more long-term effect on hard tissue formation and the amount of ridge augmentation that can occur by the placement of a xenogeneic graft in extraction sockets of dogs.
Material and methods: Five beagle dogs were used. The third mandibular premolars were hemi-sected. The distal roots were carefully removed. A graft consisting of Bio-Oss^® collagen was placed in one socket while the contra-lateral site was left without grafting. After 6 months of healing, the dogs were euthanized and biopsies were sampled. From each experimental site, four ground sections – two from the mesial root and two from the healed socket – were prepared, stained and examined under a microscope.
Results: The placement of Bio-Oss^® collagen in the fresh extraction socket served as a scaffold for tissue modeling but did not enhance new bone formation. In comparison with the non-grafted sites, the dimension of the alveolar process as well as the profile of the ridge was better preserved in Bio-Oss^®-grafted sites.
Conclusion: The placement of a biomaterial in an extraction socket may modify modeling and counteract marginal ridge contraction that occurs following tooth removal.     

复合氰基丙烯酸酯一骨形态发生蛋白生物胶预防大鼠牙槽嵴萎缩的实验研究

目的制备复合氰基丙烯酸酯一骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)生物胶,并植入大鼠拔牙窝观察其预防牙槽嵴萎缩的效果。方法选用Wistar大鼠54只,随机分为3组：实验组(复合氰基丙烯酸酯一BMP生物胶组)、对照组(壳聚糖温敏性胶体组)、空白对照组。拔除大鼠下颌切牙后,实验组和对照组在牙槽窝内即刻植入复合氰基丙烯酸酯一BMP生物胶、单纯壳聚糖温敏性胶体,空白对照组则不植入任何材料。39t动物在植入后3、6、9周处死,分离切取下颌骨,用高频钼靶扫描仪获得图像信息,使用Image-Pro Plus软件处理图像,得到剩余牙槽嵴相对高度和牙槽窝相对光密度,组织学观察牙槽窝内的成骨情况。结果术后3、6、9周,实验组的剩余牙槽嵴相对高度和牙槽窝相对光密度均高于对照组和空白对照组(P<0．05);组织学观察显示实验组牙槽窝成骨多于对照组和空白对照组。结论复合氰基丙烯酸酯一BMP生物胶可以用于预防拔牙术后剩余牙槽嵴萎缩,其临床应用前景广阔。     

Use of HTR synthetic bone grafts in conjunction with immediate dental implants

Immediate placement of dental implants in fresh extraction sockets is associated with remaining voids around the implants and often a partial dehiscence or thinning of the facial alveolar plate. Nine patients had Bioplant HTR synthetic bone used as a ridge preservation/augmentation material in conjunction with immediate placement of 10 implants. Hard tissue replacement (HTR) was used to fill the remaining socket void and enhance the facial ridge width, and the wound closed as completely as possible. Dental implants were uncovered at approximately 6 months. Measurements taken of the internal socket width and total ridge width at the implant placement and uncovering showed the mean internal socket width was maintained (7.2 mm vs 6.9 mm), and the total ridge width exhibited a mean change from 9.6 mm to 8.8 mm. Of the 10 implant sites, 7 showed a net increase, 2 no change, and 1 a decrease in overall ridge width. All 10 implants were restored for at least 6 months. These clinical results suggest that HTR is a useful adjunct in the placement of immediate dental implants for the preservation of ridge width and provides a good base for functional and esthetic prosthetic reconstruction.     

上前牙位点保存的临床研究

目的:探讨使用羟基磷灰石骨粉复合生物胶原材料进行拔牙位点保存的临床效果。方法:对30例拔除前牙的患者随机分组,试验组15例,拔牙同期在拔牙窝内植入羟基磷灰石骨粉,生物胶原材料覆盖表面关闭拔牙窝,临时义齿修复缺失牙并在位点处维持软组织形态;对照组15例,拔牙后常规处理,让拔牙窝内充满自然形成的血凝块。6个月后复诊,观察拔牙窝愈合情况,测量牙槽嵴的高度、宽度和牙间乳头的位置,采用两独立样本t检验进行统计学分析,使用SPSS17.0统计学软件分析处理数据。结果:试验组拔牙窝愈合良好,牙槽骨丰满,牙龈乳头形态得以保留,牙龈边缘连续一致;而对照组牙槽嵴吸收、萎缩,高度降低、宽度缩小明显,牙龈乳头萎缩甚至消失。实验组和对照组间牙槽嵴高度、宽度和牙间乳头的变化差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论:羟基磷灰石骨粉复合生物胶原材料起到了保存拔牙后牙槽骨骨量的作用,及时的临时义齿修复很好的维持了软组织形态。