海洛因依赖者生活质量的比较研究

目的：了解海洛因依赖病人生活质量。方法：应用生活质量综合评定问卷（ｇＱＯＬＩ）对２１０例海洛因依赖病人（１００例强制戒毒病人，１１０例自愿戒毒病人）与１００例正常健康人进行对照研究。结果：海洛因依赖病人的躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活条件均显著低于正常人。强制戒毒病人与自愿戒毒病人的生活质量没有显著差异。结论：海洛因依赖病人生活质量明显差于健康对照组，戒毒方式不是影响病人生活质量的主要因素。     

100例自愿戒毒者SCL-90测查结果分析

目的　了解自愿戒毒的海洛因依赖者心理健康状况。方法　应用 SCL-90症状自评量表对 1 0 0例自愿戒毒的海洛因依赖者进行测评 ,将总样本结果与全国常模进行比较 ,同时对其中不同类型的海洛因依赖者测评结果进行分析。结果　自愿戒毒者症状总分、总均分及所有因子分均极显著高于全国常模 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,不同类型的海洛因依赖者测查结果有差异。结论　提示海洛因依赖者存在较严重的心理健康问题 ,不同类型的海洛因依赖者心理健康状况不同。     

90例海洛因依赖者脱瘾治疗前后的脑电图分析

服食海洛因会损害中枢神经系统,导致脑电活动的异常改变,目前已有不少文献报道。为了更好地了解海洛因依赖者脱瘾治疗前后的脑电活动变化,本文将我院1999年至5月至2004年6月共90 例自愿戒毒者在脱瘾治疗前后的脑电图(EEG)资料作对照分析,现报告如下。     

海洛因依赖者事件相关电位P300的实验研究

近年来国内滥用海洛因的人数逐年上升 ,药物成瘾与流行已构成当今重要的社会问题之一。长期使用海洛因会对人体多系统器官造成不同程度的损害 ,并可产生严重的神经系统并发症和精神障碍。国内外已有研究发现海洛因依赖者存在一定程度的认知功能障碍[1,2 ] 。但应用事件相关电位Ｐ30 0来了解海洛因对认知功能影响的研究尚少见报道。为此 ,我们对 2 2例海洛因依赖者进行Ｐ30 0的检测 ,结果报告如下。1　对象和方法1.1　对象1.1.1　病例组　共 2 2例 ,为 2 0 0 0年 8月至 2 0 0 2年1月在我院住院的自愿戒毒者 ,入院时尿液吗啡定性检测均为阳性…     

海洛因依赖者心理健康状况调查

海洛因依赖者是一组特殊的社会群体 ,他们的心理状态引起了心理工作者的普遍关注。为了解海洛因依赖者的心理健康状况 ,从而更好地配合临床戒毒治疗及为进一步的心理矫正、早期干预、降低复吸率提供依据 ,我们采用ＳＣＬ - 90、ＥＰＱ、社会技持量表、ＳＤＳ、ＳＡＳ对 83例海洛因依赖者进行测评 ,并与70例正常人进行对照分析 ,结果报告如下。1　资料与方法1 1　研究对象1 1 1研究组　 83例病人均为 1998年 10月至 2 0 0 0年 3月在本院自愿住院治疗的海洛因依赖者 ,符合ＣＣＭＤ - 2 -Ｒ阿片类依赖诊断标准 ,测评时在住院12天 ,戒断症状消失…     

海洛因依赖者家属的生活质量对照研究

目的 了解海洛因依赖者家属的生活质量及社会支持状况及两者的关系。方法 应用世界卫生组织生活质量量表中文版简表（WHOQOL-BREF）及社会支持评定量表（SSRS），对80例海洛因依赖者家属进行测评，以80例正常人群生活质量为对照。结果 研究组的生活质量比对照组差（P〈0．01）。生活质量与社会支持有关。结论 海洛因成瘾影响其家属的生活质量．其家属缺乏社会支持的情况不容忽视，有必要进行社会心理干预。     

自愿戒毒者的心理韧性及其对情绪Stroop效应的影响

目的:探讨自愿戒毒者的心理韧性及其对情绪Stroop效应的影响。方法:筛选50名自愿戒毒者为有效被试,先运用中国版心理韧性量表(CD-RISC)测量心理韧性水平,后通过E-prime软件进行情绪Stroop实验。结果:自愿戒毒者的心理韧性水平为(59.70±14.75),显著低于中国社区居民(t=-2.733,P=0.009),与中国劳教戒毒人员的差异达到边缘性显著水平;低、高心理韧性组的积极情绪词语效应量差异不显著,消极情绪词语效应量差异边缘性显著(t=1.864,P=0.074)。结论:自愿戒毒者的心理韧性水平较低;自愿戒毒者的心理韧性水平对其内隐的消极情绪有一定影响,表现为低心理韧性自愿戒毒者对消极情绪词具有一定的趋向性。     

海洛因依赖者情绪问题分析

本文采用Zung编制的焦虑、抑郁自评量表，对海洛因依赖者在脱毒前后进行评定，以了解在戒毒期间的心理动态。结果显示，海洛因依赖者在脱毒前后SDS、SAS评分均存在显著性差异，评分均非常高于国内常模，提示情绪障碍是戒毒者的伴发问题及促使复吸的重要因素。     

海洛因依赖与人格障碍的共病研究

目的:评估海洛因依赖者中人格障碍的发生率,探讨海洛因依赖者的人格障碍共病情况。方法:采用美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版人格障碍临床定式访谈量表(SCID-II)对120例海洛因依赖者和120名健康对照者进行人格障碍的评估。结果:海洛因依赖患者中人格障碍的共病率是79.2%,且73.3%的患者同时符合两种或以上的人格障碍。患者中最常见的人格障碍是边缘型、反社会型、偏执型、强迫型,男性海洛因依赖者中反社会型人格障碍的发生率显著高于女性(χ~2=11.98,P0.01)。结论:海洛因依赖者中人格障碍的共病现象非常普遍。     

186例海洛因依赖者的社会行为分析

１８６例海洛因依赖者的社会行为分析李荫杨昆许秀峰昆明医学院第一附属医院精神科云南省与毒品产地“金三角”毗邻，毒品获得较容易，海洛因依赖已成为威胁当地人民健康和社会安定的重要问题。为了解海洛因依赖的社会行为因素，我们对１８６例在戒毒所戒毒者进行了调查，...     

Chronic HIV infection and health related quality of life in resource poor settings-an assessment from South East Nigeria

BackgroundHealth-related quality of life reflects a patient''s general subjective perception of the effect of an illness or intervention on physical, psychological and social aspects of daily life. HIV infection is a major public health problem especially in developing countries where poor health infrastructure and poverty are prevalent. This paper addresses the quality of life in patients with chronic HIV infection in South East Nigeria and addresses issues that may help improve the current situation.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was carried out at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, to assess patients with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) using a validated structured questionnaire (WHOQoL-BREF). Ethical clearance for the study was obtained. Study period was from October - December, 2017. Data obtained was analysed.ResultsA total of 389 HIV patients consented to the study. Over 70% were aged 18- 45 years and majority were females. Females had a higher quality of life score with respect to the domain of psychological health while males had a higher score with respect to the environmental domain. Older age and presence of co-morbidities were significantly associated with affectation of physical health while younger age was associated with affectation of psychological health domain.ConclusionHIV impairs the quality of life for affected individuals in South East Nigeria especially across the domains of physical and psychological health. No age group is spared. The presence of co-morbidities significantly reduces quality of life in these patients. Younger patients may require mental health services in the management of their disease.     

Analysis of Quality of Life and Mental Health in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis,Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Using a Nation-wide Database,KNHANES VII

PurposeThis study investigated mental health status and quality of life in allergic disease patients compared with non-allergic controls.MethodsThis study used nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2018. The propensity matching score was used to balance age and sex distributions between the allergic disease groups and corresponding controls. Atopic dermatitis (n = 446) and asthma (n = 483) groups were compared with controls in a 1:10 ratio, and the allergic rhinitis (n = 2,357) group was compared with controls in a 1:2 ratio. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) for mental health status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) based on the presence of allergic diseases.ResultsThe ORs for severe psychological stress, psychological consultation and diagnosis of depression were more significantly increased in the asthma (OR, 1.41, 1.83, and 2.1, respectively) and allergic rhinitis groups (OR, 1.35, 1.48, and 1.83, respectively) compared with non-allergic controls after adjustment for confounding factors. The rate of severe problems in mobility was more significantly increased in the asthma group compared to controls.ConclusionsThe results show that efforts should be made to manage psychological problems and improve HRQoL in patients with atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergic rhinitis.     

Quality of Life and Multimorbidity of Elderly Outpatients

INTRODUCTION:

Substantial medical research has established an inverse relationship between quality of life and illness. However, there exists minimal evidence for such a connection in the context of stable and controlled diseases.

OBJECTIVE:

We wished to correlate multimorbidity with quality of life for elderly patients who suffer from stable chronic diseases.

METHODS:

We used a tool to evaluate quality of life, namely World Health Organization quality of life-BRIEF, together with a scale of multimorbidity known as the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale - Geriatric Version. Furthermore, the quality of life data were correlated with scores recorded on the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale - Geriatric Version, the number of drugs used, and individual perceptions of health and age.

RESULTS:

We studied 104 elderly patients who suffered from chronic diseases. The patients had exhibited neither acute events nor secondary complications, their cognition was intact, and they were functionally independent. The Cumulative Illness Rating Scale - Geriatric Version showed an inverse correlation with the physical domain (p= 0.008) and a tendency toward an inverse correlation with the psychological domain (p= 0.052). Self-perception of health showed a high correlation with the physical domain (p= 0.000), psychological domain (p= 0.000) and environmental domain (p= 0.000). The number of drugs used correlated only with the physical domain (p= 0.004). Age and social domain showed a tendency toward a positive correlation (p= 0.054).

DISCUSSION:

We uncovered an inverse relationship between quality of life and multimorbidity in a group of patients who suffered from stable chronic diseases, with no functional limitations, pain or complications. Our data suggest that a patient’s knowledge that they have a certain clinical condition changes their subjective assessment of quality of life in the related domain.

CONCLUSION:

The perceived quality of life of the sample was affected by multimorbidity in the physical domain, with a tendency toward commensurate effects in the psychological domain.     

老年人心理卫生状况与生活质量相关性研究

目的 探讨老年人心理卫生与生活质量的关系及其影响因素。方法 采用中华医学会编制的“老年人生活质量调查表”,对沈阳市455名60岁及以上老年人心理卫生负性事件排在首位的是“子女受挫折或病重或去世”,其次是“经济困难”。老年人正向心理感受中排于首位的是“精力好”。负向心理感受中排于首位的是“不中用了”。目前担心的事情排于首位的是“看病难”．其次是“经济困难”。结论 为提高老年人的生活质量,老年人应培养乐观畅达的性格．保持良好的心理卫生状况;建立和睦团结的家庭关系．加强社会联系是改善老年人的心理卫生状况的另一措施;国家大力发展社会生产力,加快经济发展步伐,是提高老年人生活质量的根本保证。     

长沙市大学生生存质量及其影响因素分析

目的了解长沙市大学生的生存质量及其影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群抽样的原则,利用WHOQOL-BREF量表对长沙市1143名在校大学本科生进行问卷调查。运用多元logistic回归的方法对生存质量的影响因素进行分析。结果长沙市大学生生存质量的生理、心理、社会和环境4个领域得分以及总的健康状况与生存质量得分分别是14.03±2.13分,13.61±2.26分,13.94±2.83分,12.90±2.08分,13.13±2.87分。学习成绩、专业兴趣、体育锻炼、负性生活事件、专业、年龄、家庭结构(是否独生子女)、家庭住地、家庭月收入是生存质量的影响因素。结论长沙市大学生生存质量在生理领域、心理领域和总的健康状况与生存质量方面得分低于全国常模,而环境领域得分高于全国常模,但较其他领域得分仍较低。     

心理干预对住院冠心病患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨心理干预对住院冠心病患者生活质量的影响。方法96例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,各48例。对照组按心内科一般护理常规和系统化整体护理进行护理;观察组在此基础上调查患者的社会情况、对医院和健康问题的感知、近2个月生活事件的频度及应对能力、人格、焦虑、抑郁等,采取心理干预措施和健康教育,测评患者的生活质量和心绞痛发作的情况及住院天数。结果干预后观察组患者的生活质量评分明显高于对照组,心绞痛发作例数明显少于对照组,住院天数明显短于对照组。结论心理干预能有效提高冠心病患者的生活质量、减轻疾病的症状、缩短住院时间。     

离退休老年人生活质量及心理状态调查

目的：探讨离退休老年人的生活质量和心理状态。方法：采用老年人生活质量调查表及心理健康测查表对816例离退休老年人进行测查。结果：影响离退休老年人生活质量的因素依次为心理卫生，健康状 况，经济收入，社会交往等。不论男女其各分量表除HMA外，其余各量表离退休老年人与常模比较均有显著性差异（P＜0．01），离退休老年人各量表分明显高于常模，可能与离退休老年人躯体不适，精神活动不足和某些人心理压力及个性有关，而干部人员较工人人员的心理问题多，生活满意度低，结论：离退休老年人存在明显的心理问题，个性问题和生活质量问题，改善退休老年人的生活质量和心理有利于离退休老年人身心健康。     

Quality of Life Therapy and Assessment in Health Care

An integrative model of quality of life is proposed as a way to correct for terminological inconsistencies and to guide further quality of life research and health care applications. Research and theory supporting the need for routine quality of life assessment and intervention in general medicine, psychiatry, clinical psychology, behavioral medicine, and gerontology are discussed. Clinical guidelines for and research on quality of life assessment and intervention in health care are presented and reviewed. An integrated service delivery system in which quality of life assessments and interventions are considered coequal with those aimed at ameliorating physical and psychological symptoms is proposed along with a future program of research.     

北京地区老年人心理需求状况及其相关因素

目的：调查北京地区老年人的心理需求、心情和心理感受状况，并分析其相关因素。方法：采用自编《北京居民生活状况研究问卷》中的心理需求部分，调查2000例北京18个区县的60岁以上老年人。结果：老年人代际关系、心情和心理感受方面情况较好，三者关系密切。心情随受教育程度的提高而改善，男性好于女性；大部分老年人认为心情对生活质量影响大；心理感受随增龄而降低，随受教育程度的提高而改善；经济和照料满意度、晚辈孝顺、健康状况与总的生活满意度、心情、心理感受均有相关。结论：被调查的老年人心理需求基本满足，心情是影响生活质量的重要因素之一，应重视物质与精神相结合的养老。