长链非编码RNA AFAP1-AS1在实体肿瘤中的作用与分子机制

长链非编码RNA（LncRNA）是一种长度超过200个核苷酸的内源RNA。大量研究表明,LncRNA可参与多种生物过程,如转录激活和干扰、细胞分化、增殖、迁移、侵袭和凋亡。近年来许多研究表明LncRNA在人类癌症中作为致癌基因或肿瘤抑制基因发挥着重要作用。大量新研究表明LncRNA肌动蛋白丝相关蛋白1反义RNA1（AFAP1-AS1）参与了多种恶性肿瘤的发生发展。已证实AFAP1-AS1的失调表达与肿瘤发生和肿瘤进展相关;AFAP1-AS1可能成为肿瘤诊断和肿瘤治疗靶点的新型潜在分子生物标志物。在本篇综述中,我们总结了现阶段关于AFAP1-AS1在人类肿瘤发生和发展过程中的生物学功能和分子机制的研究问题。     

ABHD11-AS1在肿瘤中表达及调控作用研究

摘 要：长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）是一类长度>200 nt且不具备编码蛋白质能力的非编码RNA。大量研究表明lncRNA在恶性肿瘤发生发展中起着重要作用。ABHD11-AS1作为一种lncRNA在诸多人类肿瘤中呈现异常表达,并能够调控肿瘤增殖和侵袭、迁移等恶性生物学行为。全文对ABHD11-AS1在肿瘤中的表达及调控作用进行综述。     

长链非编码RNA FOXD3-AS1在部分肿瘤细胞中的表达及分子机制

长链非编码RNA（LncRNAs）是一组长度大于200个核苷酸的非编码RNA。因为缺少明显的开放阅读框，LncRNAs的蛋白质编码能力非常有限或无编码能力，但越来越多的研究报道表明，LncRNAs在肿瘤的复杂调控网络中有很大的作用，如肿瘤的增殖、侵袭等。LncRNA叉头盒D3反义RNA1(FOXD3-AS1)，由4个外显子组成，位于FOXD3启动子上游染色体1p31.3处。LncRNA FOXD3-AS1最近被发现在各种恶性肿瘤中表现出异常的表达，包括结直肠癌、乳腺癌、胶质瘤、神经母细胞瘤、甲状腺癌等多种恶性肿瘤中均有异常表达，其调控的作用可能与肿瘤患者的生存和预后有关，在本文中，我们总结了目前关于LncRNA FOXD3-AS1在肿瘤进展中的生物学功能和分子机制。     

LncRNA SBF2-AS1在恶性肿瘤中的作用及其机制

长链非编码RNA（long noncoding RNA,LncRNA）参与肿瘤的进展已被频繁报道。 LncRNA SBF2-AS1是一种新发现的LncRNA,已被证实是一种与多种肿瘤相关的癌基因。多项研究表明其在胃癌、食管癌、肺癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌等多种肿瘤中异常表达,可调节细胞的增殖、侵袭、迁移及凋亡,影响患者的生存预后。本文对LncRNA SBF2-AS1在恶性肿瘤中的作用及其机制的最新研究进展作一综述,以期为肿瘤的精准治疗提供参考。     

长链非编码RNA PVT1在肿瘤中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）在肿瘤的发生、发展过程中起着重要作用。lncRNA PVT1在乳腺癌、肝细胞癌、胃癌、结肠癌等多种肿瘤中高表达,并发挥多种生物学功能,如竞争内源性RNA、维持重要癌基因蛋白的稳定性、参与肿瘤化疗耐药等。本文对lncRNA PVT1在肿瘤中的表达形式、所发挥的生物学功能及其分子机制作一综述。     

LncRNA在肿瘤侵袭转移中的研究进展与临床展望

肿瘤转移是影响肿瘤患者预后的重要因素,但其作用机制复杂,涉及多个生物学过程。长链非编码RNA(Lnc RNA)作为人类基因组重要的调控分子,可以通过多种作用机制在肿瘤的转移过程中发挥重要的调控功能。并且Lnc RNA的异常表达与肿瘤患者临床因素密切相关,有望成为新型肿瘤标志物在临床治疗中发挥重要的作用。文章主要综述Lnc RNA在肿瘤转移中的分子作用机制及相关临床应用。     

肿瘤相关长链非编码RNA FEZF1-AS1的调控作用研究进展

摘 要：长链非编码RNAs（1ong non-coding RNAs,lncRNAs）已被证实是人类癌症相关的重要调节因子,对肿瘤的增殖、侵袭、耐药等病理生理过程具有重要意义。FEZ家族锌指1反义RNA 1（FEZ family zinc finger 1 antisense RNA 1,FEZF1-AS1）作为lncRNAs家族中的重要成员之一,在多种肿瘤中异常表达,通过多种方式发挥其独特的功能及生物学作用,在未来有望成为新兴肿瘤诊断、预后标志物及治疗新靶点。全文就FEZF1-AS1在消化道肿瘤、鼻咽癌、肺癌、乳腺癌等恶性肿瘤发生发展中的作用作一综述。     

SNHG1在肿瘤中的表达和作用

长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）是一类转录本长度大于200 nt的不编码蛋白质的RNA分子。近年来研究发现长链非编码RNA在诸多肿瘤的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。小核糖体管家基因RNA 1（small nucleolar RNA host gene 1,SNHG1）是由11号染色体上作为18s核糖体RNA重要组成部分的UHG基因转录而来的lncRNA。随研究不断深入,SNHG1在多种肿瘤中（胶质瘤、食管癌、胃癌等）的异常表达以及其对肿瘤恶性生物学行为的调控作用逐渐被揭示。SNHG1功能较为复杂并在肿瘤中通过多种机制发挥致癌作用,并且SNHG1的高表达预示着患者不良预后。本文结合国内外最新报道,对SNHG1在肿瘤中的表达水平及作用进行简要综述。     

长链非编码RNA调控癌症细胞信号通路的研究进展

迄今为止,研究人员应用功能基因组学方法发现了多种类型的长链非编码RNA。长链非编码RNA能够调控基因的表达,并且在包括癌症等疾病发生发展过程中起着重要的作用。长链非编码RNA调控基因的表达过程有多种机制参与,例如对转录、翻译、蛋白质修饰及RNA-蛋白复合体形成或者蛋白-蛋白复合体形成等过程的调控。本文主要探讨长链非编码RNA调控肿瘤细胞信号通路的研究进展。     

肿瘤易感候选基因2在肿瘤中的作用及机制研究

摘 要：长链非编码RNA是非编码RNA家族的重要组成成员,随着对其研究的不断深入,发现在恶性肿瘤中呈异常表达的长链非编码RNA对肿瘤的发生发展起到了重要的调控作用。肿瘤易感候选基因2（CASC2）是一种新被发现的长链非编码RNA,其在诸多机体恶性肿瘤中呈下调表达并能够抑制肿瘤的多种恶性生物学行为,并有可能成为肿瘤诊治的生物学标志物;对CASC2调控作用机制的研究将为肿瘤诊断、预后评估及靶向治疗提供新的理论依据和干预靶点。本文就现有肿瘤内CASC2的调控作用及机制研究作一简要综述。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.