基于SEER数据库的原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤不同治疗方法的疗效分析

目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCNSL)患者的预后因素及不同治疗方法的临床效果。方法回顾性分析1975年1月至2016年12月美国SEER数据库中4812例PCNSL患者的临床资料。其中男性2831例,女性1981例,男女比例为1.4∶1.0;发病年龄<60岁者2236例(46.47%),60~<75岁者1718例(35.70%),≥75岁者858例(17.83%);幕上肿瘤2417例(50.23%),幕下肿瘤299例(6.21%),脑内多发肿瘤554例(11.51%),其他或未指明部位的脑部肿瘤1542例(32.04%);弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)3513例(73.00%),非DLBCL 234例(4.86%),其他或未指明类型的淋巴瘤1065例(22.13%);治疗方式为单独活检的2010例(41.77%),单独部分切除61例(1.27%),单独完全切除54例(1.12%),活检+化疗2384例(49.54%),部分切除+化疗159例(3.30%),完全切除+化疗144例(2.99%)。采用单因素及多因素Cox回归模型分析影响患者总体生存的预后因素;采用Fine-Gray检验与竞争风险模型研究影响患者肿瘤特异性生存的预后因素;生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,并通过Log-rank进行比较。结果单因素及多因素Cox风险回归模型分析结果显示,影响PCNSL患者总体生存的独立预后因素包括年龄、种族、婚姻状态、肿瘤部位、病理学亚型、手术、化疗、合并其他恶性肿瘤、合并HIV感染等。Fine-Gray检验与竞争风险模型分析结果显示,影响患者肿瘤特异生存的独立预后因素包括年龄、种族、婚姻状态、肿瘤部位、病理学亚型、手术方式、化疗、合并其他恶性肿瘤、合并HIV感染,而性别与放疗均与肿瘤特异生存无明显相关性。与活检相比,PCNSL患者可能从手术切除中获益(部分切除:HR=0.805,95%CI:0.656~0.989,P=0.04;完全切除:HR=0.521,95%CI:0.414~0.656,P<0.01)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,活检+化疗组中位生存时间为28个月(95%CI:24.497~31.503),单独活检组为2个月(95%CI:1.756~2.244),单独部分切除组为2个月(95%CI:1.410~2.590),单独完全切除组为19个月(95%CI:0~39.311),部分切除+化疗组为67个月(95%CI:46.187~87.813),完全切除+化疗组为84个月(95%CI:57.448~110.552),使用不同治疗方法的患者的中位生存时间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论手术切除可能改善部分PCNSL患者的预后。化疗可能使肿瘤完全切除或部分切除患者的肿瘤特异生存时间延长。     

肿瘤细胞减灭术治疗结直肠癌腹膜转移的围手术期安全性及其列线图预测模型构建

目的分析结直肠癌腹膜转移(CRPM)患者实施肿瘤细胞减灭术(CRS)的围手术期安全性及相关影响因素, 并构建预测模型。方法采用描述性病例系列研究方法, 回顾性收集2019年1月至2021年8月中山大学附属第六医院结直肠外科实施CRS的100例结直肠癌及阑尾黏液腺癌来源的腹膜转移患者临床病理资料和治疗情况(手术时间、器官切除数量、腹膜切除数量、失血量等)。全组男性53例, 女性47例;中位年龄52.0(39.0～61.8)岁;同时性腹膜转移患者52例, 异时性48例;术前行新辅助治疗患者52例;原发肿瘤位于左半结肠43例, 右半结肠28例, 直肠14例, 阑尾黏液腺癌来源15例。偏态分布的计量资料用M(范围)表示。分析围手术期安全性[围手术期Ⅲ级以上定义为严重不良事件(SAE)], 采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析发生SAE的相关危险因素。对多因素logistic回归分析结果通过R软件绘制列线图预测模型, 并用ROC曲线下面积(AUC)和校正曲线评价列线图的效能。结果全组中位腹膜癌指数(PCI)评分为16(1～39)分。68例(68.0%)手术患者达到完整肿瘤减灭程度(肿瘤减灭...     

完全肿瘤细胞减灭术是改善结直肠癌腹膜转移患者预后的关键——评述PROPHYLOCHIP和PRODIGE 7研究

腹膜转移是结直肠癌治疗领域的热点和难点,NCCN指南和PSOGI推荐肿瘤细胞减灭术（CRS）加腹腔热灌注化疗（HIPEC）治疗轻中度结直肠癌腹膜转移。在CRS+HIPEC治疗结直肠癌腹膜转移领域,腹膜转移高风险患者行二次探查+HIPEC是否有生存获益,以及HIPEC在该整合治疗体系中的价值,是两个争议已久的重要问题。针...     

伴有静脉癌栓肾癌患者手术效果及其相关预后因素分析

目的:探讨伴有静脉癌栓肾癌患者行根治性肾切除联合静脉癌栓取出术的手术疗效及相关预后因素。方法:回顾性分析2013年5月—2022年2月于中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)行手术治疗的伴有静脉癌栓肾癌患者的临床资料。用Kaplan-Meier分析得到总生存曲线,用log-rank检验进行统计学比较;采用Cox回归模型进行多因素生存分析,寻找影响预后的独立危险因素。结果:共纳入59例患者,0～Ⅳ级癌栓分别有36例、4例、10例、5例、4例。围手术期无死亡事件发生。患者术后3年、5年总生存率分别为66.1%、50.1%。单因素Cox分析表明,病理类型(非透明细胞癌)(HR=2.613,95%CI:1.237～5.520,P<0.05)、癌栓分级(HR=2.339,95%CI:0.985～5.557,P<0.05)、M分期(HR=3.114,95%CI:1.474～6.578,P<0.05)、肾周脂肪侵犯(HR=2.986,95%CI:1.360～6.559,P<0.05)与患者预后相关;多因素Cox回归分析表明,病理类型(非透明细胞癌)(HR=3.326,9...     

腹腔热灌注化疗治疗胃癌腹膜转移的安全性及有效性单中心临床研究

目的探讨腹腔热灌注化疗(hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,HIPEC)治疗胃癌腹膜转移(gastric cancer of peritoneal carcinomatosis,GCPC)的安全性和有效性。方法 2016年6月～2019年1月我院收治的GCPC病人67例,根据治疗方式不同分为两组,HIPEC组46例,于术后行HIPEC治疗;非HIPEC组21例,术后未行HIPEC治疗。比较两组病人的治疗相关并发症和生存数据,分析影响GCPC病人预后的相关因素。结果 HIPEC治疗对病人的术后血象指标和术后并发症均无显著改变。联合肿瘤细胞减灭术(cytoreductive surgery,CRS)和HIPEC治疗的病人,中位生存期优于仅行CRS治疗者(14个月vs 9个月,P=0.012)。多因素分析提示,术后早期行HIPEC治疗及术后行全身静脉化疗和(或)放疗能为完成肿瘤细胞减灭术的GCPC病人带来生存获益,术前血清CA724升高是预后的独立危险因素。结论对于实现肉眼可见完全肿瘤细胞减灭的胃癌腹膜转移病人,CRS+HIPEC的治疗策略并不会增加治疗相关并发症的发生,同时能够延长病人生存期。     

从外科角度谈不可切除局部晚期胃癌整体治疗策略

对于潜在可切除的和不可切除的转移性胃癌病例,采取新辅助腹腔+系统化疗(NIPS)、肿瘤细胞减灭术(CRS)+腹腔热灌注化疗(HIPEC)、姑息手术+化疗、以紫杉醇为基础的三药化疗进行转化治疗以及以抗血管生成的靶向药物阿帕替尼联合化疗进行转化治疗可能使部分病人生存获益。NIPS方案针对中等以上腹水病例可以达到控制腹水、缓解症状、延长生存的目的。CRS+HIPEC适用于腹膜癌指数(PCI)≤6的腹膜转移病例。姑息手术+化疗是否可以使病人生存获益尚存争议,但是理性选择病人将原发灶与转移灶同时切除+静脉化疗可以改善其远期生存。以紫杉醇为基础的三药化疗和阿帕替尼联合化疗进行转化治疗似乎可以获得比较高的手术转化率。     

结直肠癌腹膜转移治疗中心的建设

结直肠癌腹膜转移患者预后较差, 目前以肿瘤细胞减灭术(CRS)联合腹腔热灌注化疗(HIPEC)为主的综合治疗体系显著提高了患者的生存。然而CRS和HIPEC的适应证要求严格, 操作难度高, 并发症发生率和病死率高。经验不足的中心开展CRS+HIPEC可能会降低患者的生存率及生活质量。建立专科诊治中心可以为规范化的临床诊治提供保障。本文首先介绍了建立结直肠癌腹膜转移治疗中心的必要性及国内外腹膜表面恶性肿瘤诊治中心建设的概况。然后重点介绍了笔者团队结直肠癌腹膜转移治疗中心的建设经验, 强调了中心建设必须要做好两方面:一方面要实现临床上的优化, 加强各个环节的专业化;另一方面要确保患者的治疗质量, 维护好每位患者的权利、福祉和健康。     

腹腔热灌注化疗在胃肠道恶性肿瘤腹膜转移中的应用

腹膜癌(peritoneal carcinomatosis,PC)是腹膜表面播散性生长的一类局部区域性肿瘤,常见于胃肠道恶性肿瘤腹膜转移,它被认为是一种终末期疾病,既往常采用姑息性治疗。细胞减灭术(cytoreductive surgery,CRS)加术中、术后早期腹腔热灌注化疗(hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy,HIPEC),联合围手术期系统化疗的综合治疗策略是目前治疗PC的标准方案,可降低腹膜肿瘤复发率、延长患者生存时间,并取得了一定的临床疗效。本文就腹腔热灌注化疗在胃肠道恶性肿瘤腹膜转移中的应用进行概述。     

单中心1048例克罗恩病手术患者临床特点及预后分析

目的探讨克罗恩病手术患者的临床特点、术后并发症相关因素和术后需手术干预复发的预后因素。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2017年12月在东部战区总医院普通外科接受手术治疗的克罗恩病患者的临床资料,分析患者的蒙特利尔分型、手术指征、手术所见及手术方式等,采用Logistic回归分析术后并发症的相关因素,采用Cox比例风险模型分析术后需手术干预复发的预后因素。结果纳入符合条件的克罗恩病患者1048例,男性733例,女性315例。患者共接受手术治疗1513次,初次腹部手术时的中位年龄为31(17)岁,初次手术切除的小肠长度为30.0(40.0)cm。穿透型病变(OR=8.594,95%CI:3.397~21.740,P<0.01)和正在吸烟(OR=2.671,95%CI:1.044~6.832,P=0.040)是首次手术后腹腔感染性并发症相关因素,而分期手术(OR=0.360;95%CI:0.184~0.707,P=0.003)是保护性因素。男性(HR=1.500,95%CI:1.128~1.995,P=0.005),上消化道疾病(HR=1.526,95%CI:1.033~2.255,P=0.034),穿透型病变(HR=1.506,95%CI:1.132~2.003,P=0.005)和急诊手术(HR=1.812,95%CI:1.375~2.387,P<0.01)是首次手术后需手术干预复发的预后因素,分期手术较同期手术可降低该复发风险(HR=0.361,95%CI:0.227~0.574,P<0.01)。结论本组克罗恩病患者初次手术的中位年龄为31岁,切除小肠中位长度为30 cm。穿透型病变与术后感染性并发症和需手术干预复发相关,分期手术可能对术后并发症高风险患者产生近期和远期的获益。     

手术切除与TACE治疗肝细胞癌伴Ⅰ/Ⅱ型门静脉癌栓病人疗效比较

目的比较手术切除与经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗肝细胞癌合并Ⅰ/Ⅱ型门静脉癌栓(portal vein tumor thrombus,PVTT)病人的疗效。方法选取中国医科大学附属盛京医院肝胆脾外科和介入科2012年6月至2017年12月收治的58例肝细胞癌合并Ⅰ/Ⅱ型门静脉癌栓(程氏分型)的病人为研究对象,分为外科切除治疗组(28例)和TACE治疗组(30例),比较两组长期生存率,并分析病人总体生存的独立危险因素。生存分析使用Kaplan-Meier法和Log-rank检验。多因素分析使用Cox比例风险回归模型。结果外科切除治疗组的中位生存期为13.0个月,0.5、1、2、3年生存率分别为74.7%、54.1%、29.2%、14.6%;TACE治疗组的中位生存期为6.4个月,0.5、1、2、3年生存率分别为53.3%、23.3%、13.3%、8.9%(P=0.036)。多因素分析显示多个肿瘤(HR=2.578;95%CI:1.365,4.868,P=0.004),天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)>34U/L(HR=2.509;95%CI:1.266,4.972,P=0.008)是影响长期生存的独立影响因素。结论对于肝细胞癌伴Ⅰ/Ⅱ型门静脉癌栓病人,外科手术切除治疗明显好于TACE治疗,多个肿瘤和AST>34U/L是病人术后总体生存的独立影响因素。     

肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化疗能否提高结直肠癌腹膜转移患者生存率的Meta分析

目的:探究肿瘤细胞减灭术（CRS）联合腹腔热灌注化疗（HIPEC）能否提高结直肠癌腹膜转移患者的生存率。方法:从PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library以及CNKI、万方、维普六个数据库中检索腹膜转移的相关文献,并手动检索了法国Elias团队关于腹膜转移的研究。文献纳入标准：（1）研究对象为结直肠癌...     

细胞减灭术加腹腔热灌注化疗治疗胃癌腹膜转移癌

目的 观察细胞减灭术(CRS)加腹腔热灌注化疗(HIPEC)治疗胃癌腹膜转移癌(PC)的疗效和安全性.方法 取成年雄性新西兰大白兔42只,将VX2癌细胞注入胃窦部黏膜下,制成溃疡型胃癌PC模型,随机分为空白组(n=14)、单纯CRS组(n=14)、CRS+HIPEC组(n=14).种瘤后第8～9天行治疗,HIPEC药物为多西紫杉醇(10 mg/只)、卡铂(40 mg/只),42 ℃腹腔灌注30 min.主要疗效指标为生存期,次要疗效指标为体质量、生化指标及安全性.结果 模型制作成功率100%(42/42).空白组动物生存期18～30 d(中位数24 d);单纯CRS组20～40 d(中位数27 d);CRS+HIPEC组23～55 d(中位数46 d)(单纯CRS组比空白组比较,P＞0.05;CRS+HIPEC组比单纯CRS组,P＜0.01).与CRS组比较,HIPEC至少能使生存期延长70%.体质量变化趋势提示HIPEC可延缓肿瘤所致的体质量减轻.各组动物种瘤前、术前及术后第8天外周血细胞计数及血生化指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对胃癌PC大动物模型,CRS不能改善预后,而CRS+HIPEC能显著延长生存期,安全可行.

Abstract：

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) to treat rabbit model of gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC).Methods VX2 tumor cells were injected into the gastric submucosa of 42 adult male New Zealand rabbits using a laparotomic implantation technique,to construct rabbit model of gastric cancer with PC.The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:control group (n = 14),CRS group (n = 14),and CRS + HIPEC group (n = 14 ).The rabbits in control group were observed for natural course of disease progression.Treatments were initiated 8 or 9 days after inoculation of tumor cells,including optimal removal of tumor nodules in CRS group,and maximal removal of tumor nodules and heperthermic chemoperfusion in the CRS + HIPEC group with docetaxel (10 mg/rabbit ) and carboplatin (40 mg/rabbit) at 42 ℃ for 30 min.The primary endpoint was overall survival.The secondary endpoints were body weight,biochemistry,major organ functions and serious adverse events.Results The success rates of rabbit PC model were 100% (42/42).The clinicopathological feature of the model was similar to peritoneal carcinomatosis in human.Overall survival was 18-30 days ( median 24 days) in control group,20-40 days ( median 27 days) in CRS group,and 23-55 days ( median 46 days) in CRS plus HIPEC group ( CRS alone group VS control group,P ＞ 0.05;CRS + HIPEC group vs pure CRS group,P ＜ 0.01 ).As compared with CRS only or control groups,HIPEC could extend the overall survival by at least 70%.At the baseline,on the day of surgery and 7 days after surgery,the count of peripheral blood cells,liver and renal functions,and biochemistry parameters were all comparable.Serious adverse events occurred in 0 animal in control group,2 animals in CRS group including 1 animal died of anesthesia overdose and another 1died of postoperative hemorrhage,and 3 animals in CRS + HIPEC group including 1 animal died of anesthesia overdose,and 2 died of diarrhea 23 and 27 days after operation.Conclusion For rabbit model of gastric cancer PC,CRS alone could not bring benefit while CPS + HIPEC with docetaxel and cisplatin could significantly prolong the survival with a acceptable safety.     

Aggressive Locoregional Surgical Therapy for Gastric Peritoneal Carcinomatosis

Background

Peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer (GPC) responds poorly to systemic chemotherapy. Limited published data demonstrate improved outcomes after aggressive locoregional therapies. We assessed the efficacy of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) in GPC.

Methods

We prospectively analyzed 23 patients with GPC undergoing CRS/HIPEC between 2001 and 2010. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression models identified prognostic factors affecting oncologic outcomes.

Results

CRS/HIPEC was performed for synchronous GPC in 20 patients and metachronous GPC in 3 patients. Adequate CRS was achieved in 22 patients (CC-0 = 17; CC-1 = 5) and median peritoneal cancer index was 10.5. Most patients received preoperative chemotherapy (83 %) and total gastrectomy (78 %). Pathology revealed diffuse histology (65 %), signet cells (65 %) and LN involvement (64 %). Major postoperative morbidity occurred in 12 patients, with 1 in-hospital mortality at postoperative day 66. With median follow-up of 52 months, median overall survival (OS) was 9.5 months (95 % confidence interval 4.7–17.3), with 1- and 3- year OS rates of 50 and 18 %. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.8 months (95 % confidence interval 3.9–14.6). In a multivariate Cox regression model, male gender [hazard ratio (HR) 6.3], LN involvement (HR 1.2), residual tumor nodules (HR 2.4), and >2 anastomoses (HR 2.8) were joint significant predictors of poor OS (χ ² = 18.2, p = 0.001), while signet cells (HR 8.9), anastomoses >2 (HR 5.5), and male gender (HR 2.4) were joint significant predictors of poor progression (χ ² = 16.3, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Aggressive CRS/HIPEC for GPC may confer a survival benefit in select patients with limited lymph node involvement and completely resectable disease requiring less extensive visceral resections.     

Does hyperthermic intraoperative chemotherapy lead to improved outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer? A single center cohort study in 111 consecutive patients

Background

For recurrent disease or primary therapy of advanced ovarian cancer, cytoreductive surgery (CRS) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy is a therapeutic option. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer treated with hyperthermic intraoperative chemotherapy (HIPEC) and completeness of cytoreduction (CC).

Methods

Data were retrospectively collected from 111 patients with recurrent or primary ovarian cancer operated with the contribution of visceral surgical oncologists between 1991 and 2006 in a tertiary referral hospital.

Results

Ninety patients received CRS and 21 patients CRS plus HIPEC with cisplatin. Patients with complete cytoreduction (CC0) were more likely to receive HIPEC. Overall, 19 of 21 patients (90.5?%) with HIPEC and 33 of 90 patients (36.7?%) with CRS had a complete cytoreduction (P?Conclusions Completeness of cytoreduction was proved to be crucial for long-term outcome. HIPEC procedures in ovarian cancer should be performed in clinical trials to compare CRS, HIPEC and systemic chemotherapy against CRS with systemic chemotherapy. Concerning the safety of HIPEC with cisplatin, the risk of persistent renal failure must be considered when dosage is based on body surface.     

Significance of Serum Tumor Marker Levels in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Appendiceal Origin

Background

The significance of tumor markers in patients with appendiceal carcinomatosis is poorly defined. We determined preoperative and postoperative tumor marker levels in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and heated intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) and examined their association with clinicopathologic features and survival.

Methods

A total of 176 patients undergoing attempted CRS/HIPEC for appendiceal carcinomatosis had at least 1 tumor marker measured. Marker levels were correlated with tumor characteristics and oncologic outcomes. Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models were used to identify prognostic factors affecting progression and survival.

Results

At least 1 marker was elevated prior to CRS/HIPEC in 70 % of patients (CEA, 54.1 %; CA19-9, 47.7 %; CA-125, 47.2 %). Among patients with elevated preoperative marker levels, normalization occurred postoperatively in 79.4 % for CEA, 92.3 % for CA19-9, and 60 % for CA-125. Absolute preoperative tumor marker levels correlated with peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) (p < .0002), and the number of elevated markers was associated with PCI and progression-free survival (PFS). Elevated postoperative CEA level was associated with decreased PFS (median, 13 vs 36 months, p = .0008). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, elevated preoperative CA19-9 was associated with shorter PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.9, 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI] 1.5–5.3, p = .0008), whereas elevated CA-125 was associated with shorter overall survival (HR 2.6, 95 % CI 1.3–5.4, p = .01).

Conclusions

Most patients with appendiceal carcinomatosis will have at least 1 elevated tumor marker and will normalize following CRS/HIPEC, allowing for ongoing surveillance. CA19-9 is a promising biomarker for early progression following CRS/HIPEC, whereas CA-125 is associated with shorter survival.     

Re-do cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal surface malignancy: Is it worthwhile?

Background and objectivesCytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) offers selected patients with peritoneal surface malignancies (PSM) an improved survival. However, a substantial proportion of patients develop peritoneal recurrence. There is limited data on the efficacy of iterative CRS and HIPEC in such patients. This study evaluates the safety, efficacy and outcomes after re-do CRS and HIPEC for PSM at a tertiary institute.MethodsPatients undergoing re-do CRS and HIPEC for recurrent PSM were included. Cases were grouped into the first and iterative cases and compared to evaluate differences in morbidity, survival and factors influencing survival.ResultsOne hundred and forty patients developed peritoneal recurrence after CRS and HIPEC. Thirty-seven patients underwent re-do CRS and HIPEC. The most common indication for iterative surgery was pseudomyxoma peritonei in 27 patients (73.0%). Median survival was 97 months for patients undergoing iterative surgery compared to 40 months for those who did not. Median survival following first and iterative surgery was 97 and 89 months, respectively (p = 0.15). Median progression-free survival after first and iterative surgery was 23 and 19 months, respectively (p = 0.47). At iterative CRS and HIPEC, incomplete cytoreduction (HR 12.82, 95% CI 1.64–100.35), increasing PCI (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.22), in particular PCI >20 (HR 10.90, 95% CI 1.37–86.66) were factors associated with worse overall survival.ConclusionIn well selected patients, iterative CRS and HIPEC is safe, and can provide favorable survival with low morbidity. Completeness of cytoreduction and PCI are factors that influence overall survival.     

Predicting the survival of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin treated by aggressive cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal carcinomatosis in the absence of distant metastasis occurs in approximately 8 per cent of patients with colorectal cancer. Cytoreduction followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a new treatment option. Patient selection is crucial to outcome. METHODS: Cytoreduction followed by HIPEC was performed in 102 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. The following factors were studied for association with survival: perforation and obstruction of the primary lesion, location of the primary lesion, obstruction associated with carcinomatosis, presentation, tumour differentiation and histological type. Extent of disease and completeness of cytoreduction were also studied. Hazard ratios (HRs) were used to study these factors. RESULTS: Location of the primary tumour in rectum (HR 3.14 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.11 to 8.91); P = 0.069), poor differentiation (HR 1.73 (95 per cent c.i. 1.04 to 2.88); P = 0.031) and signet cell histological type (HR 2.24 (95 per cent c.i. 1.21 to 4.16); P = 0.008) were associated with shorter survival. Important factors predicting survival were the number of affected regions (HR 1.38 (95 per cent c.i. 1.20 to 1.59); P < 0.001), the simplified peritoneal cancer score (HR 1.19 (95 per cent c.i. 1.12 to 1.26); P < 0.001) and completeness of cytoreduction (HR 8.54 (95 per cent c.i. 4.01 to 18.18); P < 0.001). No other factor correlated with survival. CONCLUSION: The survival of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin is dominated by the extent of disease and the amount of residual tumour after cytoreduction.     

Iterative cytoreductive surgery associated with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin with or without liver metastases

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of an aggressive strategy in patients presenting peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from colorectal cancer with or without liver metastases (LMs) treated with cytoreductive surgery (CS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The population included 43 patients who had 54 CS+HIPEC for colorectal PC from 1996 to 2006. Sixteen patients (37%) presented LMs. Eleven patients (25%) presented occlusion at the time of PC diagnosis. Ascites was present in 12 patients (28%). Seventy-seven percent of the patients were Gilly 3 (diffuse nodules, 5-20 mm) and Gilly 4 (diffuse nodules>20 mm). The main endpoints were morbidity, mortality, completeness of cancer resection (CCR), and actuarial survival rates. RESULTS: The CS was considered as CCR-0 (no residual nodules) or CCR-1 (residual nodules <5 mm) in 30 patients (70%). Iterative procedures were performed in 26% of patients. Three patients had prior to CS + HIPEC, 10 had concomitant minor liver resection, and 3 had differed liver resections (2 right hepatectomies) 2 months after CS + HIPEC. The mortality rate was 2.3% (1 patient). Seventeen patients (39%) presented one or multiple complications (per procedure morbidity = 31%). Complications included deep abscess (n = 6), wound infection (n = 5), pleural effusion (n = 5), digestive fistula (n = 4), delayed gastric emptying syndrome (n = 4), and renal failure (n = 3). Two patients (3.6%) were reoperated. The median survival was 38.4 months (CI, 32.8-43.9). Actuarial 2- and 4-year survival rates were 72% and 44%, respectively. The survival rates were not significantly different between patients who had CS + HIPEC for PC alone (including the primary resection) versus those who had associated LMs resection (median survival, 35.3 versus 36.0 months, P = 0.73). CONCLUSION: Iterative CS + HIPEC is an effective treatment in PC from colorectal cancer. The presence of resectable LMs associated with PC does not contraindicate the prospect of an oncologic treatment in these patients.     

Delay of cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with appendiceal neoplasm

Cytoreductive surgery/heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) has been shown to be effective for selected patients with advanced appendiceal cancer. We propose that delaying CRS/HIPEC leads to disease progression and affects outcome. A retrospective analysis of a prospective database was carried out. Patients were divided into two groups based on time from diagnosis to CRS/HIPEC (less than 6 months = early, greater than 6 months = delayed). Comparison was made of Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI), Prior Surgery Score (PSS), complete cytoreduction (CC), and lymph node status. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Of 127 patients, 50 had disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis and 77 had peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis (PMCA). Of patients with PMCA, 41 had early CRS/HIPEC and 36 delayed. PCI was less than 20 in 46 and 17 per cent (P = 0.007) of the early and delayed groups, respectively. CC was achieved in 88 and 61 per cent (P = 0.009) of the early and delayed groups, respectively. PSS was (2 of 3) in 51 and 91 per cent (P = 0.001) of the early and delayed groups, respectively. Five-year OS was 54 per cent for the early group and 45 per cent for the delayed group (P = 0.2). Delaying CRS/HIPEC was associated with higher tumor load and lower chance for complete cytroreduction. Longer follow-up and larger numbers are needed to determine if OS difference will reach statistical significance.     

Peritonealkarzinose

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant disease with increasing incidence and a significant cause of death in cancer patients. More than 10% of patients with colorectal cancer show peritoneal carcinomatosis at initial diagnosis. Moreover, peritoneal metastasis is a common sign of recurrence. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are a new treatment strategy for highly selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Numerous studies show prolonged survival after CRS and HIPEC with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Accurate preoperative diagnostics and patient selection play a pivotal role in postoperative patient outcome. This promising treatment strategy is discussed regarding surgical technique, intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and patient outcome.