术中超声在原发性肝癌再次肝切除治疗中的价值

目的 评价术中超声(IOUS)在原发性肝癌首次肝切除及再次肝切除中的有效性.方法 对430例原发性肝癌、555次肝切除患者资料进行回顾性分析,观察IOUS在第一次和第二次肝切除中的作用,随访患者手术后的远期效果.结果 在目前所用常规影像学检查中,IOUS的诊断率最高.在第二次肝切除手术中,各项影像学检查的诊断率都有轻度降低.在第一次肝切除手术组,IOUS在30例患者共发现56个新肿瘤(7.0％);第二次肝切除手术组,IOUS在8例患者共发现13个新肿瘤(7.3％).第一次和第二次肝切除术手术中,肿瘤的平均直径分别为(8.7±3.8) mm和(9.0±5.2) mm.由于IOUS的缘故,第一次及第二次肝切除手术组中分别有24例(5.6％)和7例(6.4％)患者改变了手术方案.尽管第一次肝切除手术时IOUS发现新肿瘤的患者术后复发率较高,但术后经适当治疗,其远期效果与IOUS未发现新肿瘤的患者并无显著差异.结论 尽管影像技术不断发展,但IOUS仍为目前最敏感的检查手段.在复发性肝癌行再次肝切除时,IOUS对于发现新的肿瘤同样重要.IOUS发现新肿瘤的患者术后极容易复发,术后定期随访对延长患者生存期非常重要.     

术中B超在肝内胆管结石手术治疗中的作用

目的:评价术中B超（IOUS）在肝内胆管结石手术中的应用价值 。方法:回顾分析21例行术中B超检查的肝内胆管结石病人的临床资料 。结果:21例肝内胆管结石均在术中B超引导下行纤维胆道镜或切开肝脏、胆管取石,其中有15例IOUS发现与术前影像学检查结果相一致,2例病人IOUS发现肝内胆管其它部位结石,4例术前B超诊断为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级肝内胆管结石者IOUS结合纤维胆道镜确诊为胆管壁钙化;术后残石率为9.01%(2/21) 。结论:IOUS能提高肝内胆管结石的诊断正确率和结石取净率,降低结石的残留率。     

腹腔镜右肝肿瘤切除术的初步探讨(附15例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜右肝肿瘤切除术的可行性、安全性。方法:回顾分析2012年9月至2014年2月为15例右肝肿瘤患者行腹腔镜肝切除术的临床资料。其中肝血管瘤9例,原发性肝癌6例。结果:12例成功完成完全腹腔镜下手术,3例行手辅助腹腔镜手术,无一例中转开腹。其中10例行肝右后叶切除术,5例行右前叶肿瘤切除术。术中13例需阻断肝门,阻断时间平均(17.3±3.5)min。手术时间平均(150±55)min,术中出血量平均(168±39)ml,术后平均住院(11.2±2.7)d。结论:腹腔镜右肝肿瘤切除术受技术问题、手术风险性、肿瘤治疗原则的限制,对术者腹腔镜技术要求较高,操作过程复杂,但在严格把握手术适应证、熟练掌握腹腔镜技术的前提下,肝右叶的肿瘤行腹腔镜肝肿瘤切除术是安全、可行的。     

腹腔镜辅助肝切除术的临床价值

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助肝切除术的临床价值.方法:2005年4月至2010年8月行腹腔镜辅助肝切除术12例,在腔镜下游离肝脏后做辅助切口切除病变.结果:12例手术包括左半肝切除术2例,左外叶切除术6例,第7段切除术2例,右后叶切除术1例,右半肝切除术1例.手术时间2.5～5.5h,术中失血200～1 200ml,平均550...     

术中超声在机器人辅助胰腺良性-低度恶性肿瘤手术中的应用价值

目的总结分析术中超声(Intraoperative ultrasound，IOUS)在机器人辅助胰腺良性-低度恶性肿瘤手术中的应用价值与经验。 方法回顾性分析2019年10月至2021年10月期间，术前诊断为胰腺良性-低度恶性肿瘤并由解放军总医院第一医学中心肝胆胰外科医学部行IOUS辅助下机器人胰腺肿瘤手术患者的临床及IOUS资料。 结果在147例患者中，IOUS能发现并定位全部肿瘤，130例(88.4%)可以明确肿瘤与主胰管的关系，23例(15.6%)在IOUS指导下改变了手术方式；IOUS辅助机器人胰腺肿瘤手术的平均手术时间(183.3±75.1)min，术后中位住院时间7 d，发生B级及以上胰瘘22例(15.0%)，出现Clavien-Dindo Ⅲ级以上严重并发症15例(10.2%)，无90 d死亡患者。 结论IOUS可以在术中辅助肿瘤定位，明确肿瘤与胆管、胰管的关系，发现术前影像学检查遗漏的隐匿病灶，在肿瘤切除后判断主胰管的连续性并判断胰管支撑管的位置，有利于手术决策的制订和减少术后并发症的发生，IOUS的应用为机器人辅助胰腺良性-低度恶性肿瘤手术的安全顺利实施提供了有利保障。     

手术切除肝巨大恶性肿瘤30例体会

为总结肝切除术治疗巨大肝癌的方法和疗效。笔者回顾性分析 3年来 30例巨大肝癌肝切除术的手术方式及手术效果。手术包括右半肝切除 (1 1例 ) ,左半肝切除 (2例 ) ,肝中叶切除 (1例 ) ,肝段切除 (5例 )和不规则切除 (1 1例 )。手术均成功。 1年生存率为 88.5 %。提示肝切除术是治疗巨大肝癌的有效方法     

射频消融辅助肝切除控制术中出血的疗效

术中大出血是肝脏手术中最危险的并发症,严重时可引起凝血功能异常,造成出血无法控制,导致患者术中或术后死亡.近年来出现了一种新的RFA辅助技术,可以在极少量出血的情况下完成肝切除术[1].本研究回顾性分析2011年3月至9月我科应用RFA辅助肝切除术和钳夹结扎法肝切除术治疗的45例患者的临床资料,旨在探讨RFA辅助肝切除术的效果.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜肝切除术的经验初探

目的:总结机器人辅助腹腔镜肝切除的初步经验。方法 :回顾性分析我院2010年1月至2016年1月连续60例达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜肝切除术病人的临床资料。结果:60例中57例完成机器人辅助腹腔镜肝切除术,3例中转开腹,中转率为5.0%。平均手术时间(353±121)min,术中失血量(390±287)m L,术中输血率11.7%,术后并发症发生率25.0%(15例),其中3b级以上发生率3.3%,术后住院时间(9.1±3.3)d。22例肝胆管结石病病人术中结石清除率95.5%,1例残余结石病人术后经T管窦道胆道镜取出,最终结石清除率100%。围手术期无死亡病例。随访时间(18.8±12.0)(2~50)个月,24例恶性肿瘤中7例复发,4例死亡,3例带瘤生存,其余17例健康生存,无复发转移。22例肝胆管结石病人,其中2例复发,均接受再次手术治疗,2例出现胆管炎症状,接受药物治疗后好转。结论:针对选择性病例,机器人辅助腹腔镜肝切除术安全可行、疗效确切,并具有微创手术优势。     

肝移植术中超声检查对肝动脉并发症的应用价值

目的　探讨肝移植术中超声 (IOUS)对肝动脉并发症的应用价值。方法　对 2 6例肝移植受者施行IOUS检查 ,以峰值速度 (HAV) >4 0cm/s和阻力指数 (RI) >0 5为正常肝动脉的标准。结果　共施行 2 7例次IOUS检查 ,其中检查阳性 (HAV <4 0cm/s或RI <0 5 ) 7例次 ,经 0 5 %普鲁卡因浸泡 ,解除血管痉挛或再次吻合后 ,仍未能达到上述标准的 3例中术后出现HAT和HAS各 1例 ,其余病人术后均未出现肝动脉并发症。IOUS对动脉并发症诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测价值和阴性预测价值分别为 10 0 % (2 / 2 )、96 % (2 4 / 2 5 )、6 6 7% (2 / 3)和 10 0 % (2 4 / 2 4 )。结论　IOUS对肝动脉并发症较高的诊断价值 ,吻合后肝动脉RI应大于 0 5 ,HAV应大于 4 0cm/s ,对于RI <0 5 ,HAV<4 0cm/s的病例在排除动脉扭曲成角和解除血管痉挛后仍不能达到上述标准者应重新吻合肝动脉。     

机器人手术系统辅助解剖性与非解剖性肝切除术的围手术期疗效分析

目的探讨机器人手术系统辅助解剖性与非解剖性肝切除术的围手术期疗效。方法采用倾向评分匹配及回顾性队列研究方法。收集2016年3月至2021年12月浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院收治的103例行机器人手术系统辅助肝切除术患者的临床资料;男54例, 女49例;年龄为56(44～64)岁。103例患者中, 55例行机器人手术系统辅助解剖性肝切除术设为解剖组;48例行机器人手术系统辅助非解剖性肝切除术设为非解剖组。观察指标:(1)倾向评分匹配情况及匹配后两组患者一般资料比较。(2)术中情况。(3)围手术期并发症情况。倾向评分匹配按1∶1最近邻匹配法匹配。正态分布的计量资料以x±s表示, 组间比较采用t检验;偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示, 组间比较采用Mann-WhitneyU检验。计数资料用绝对数及百分比表示, 组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。等级资料比较采用秩和检验。结果 (1)倾向评分匹配情况及匹配后两组患者一般资料比较。103例患者中, 94例配对成功, 解剖组和非解剖组各47例。倾向评分匹配消除术前体质量指数、术前血小板、术前白蛋白因素混杂偏倚, 具有可比性。(2)术中...     

Intraoperative ultrasound for the colorectal surgeon: current trends and barriers

Up to two thirds of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) and one quarter of patients present with synchronous metastases. Early detection of CRLM widens the scope of potential treatment. Surgery for CRLM offers the best chance of a cure. Current preoperative staging of CRC relies on computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) scans and contrast‐enhanced IOUS (CE‐IOUS) have been demonstrated to detect additional metastases not seen on routine preoperative imaging. IOUS is not widely used by colorectal surgeons during primary resection for CRC. Confident use of IOUS/CE‐IOUS during primary resection of CRC may improve decision‐making by providing the most sensitive form of liver staging even when compared with magnetic resonance imaging. This may be particularly important in the era of laparoscopic resections, where the colorectal surgeon loses the opportunity to palpate the liver. There are several implied barriers to the routine use of IOUS/CE‐IOUS by colorectal surgeons. These include time pressure, familiarity with techniques, a perceived learning curve, cost implications and limitation of the modality due to operator variations. Inclusion of IOUS in the training of colorectal surgeons and further investigation of potential benefits of IOUS/CE‐IOUS could potentially reduce these barriers, enabling usage during primary resection for CRC to become more widespread.     

Contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasonography during hepatectomies for colorectal cancer liver metastases

Preliminary reports showed that contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasonography (CEIOUS) provides information on primary or metastatic tumors of the liver that is not obtainable with conventional intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS). This study validates the impact of CEIOUS, focusing on resective surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases. Twenty-four consecutive patients underwent liver resection using IOUS and CEIOUS for CRC liver metastases. CEIOUS was accomplished with intravenous injection of 4.8 mL of sulphur-hexafluoride microbubbles. CEIOUS found lesions missed at preoperative imaging and at IOUS in four patients and confirmed all of the new findings of IOUS in four patients. In addition, CEIOUS helped to define the tumor margins of the main lesion in 29% of patients with CRC liver metastases. No adverse effects were observed in relation with CEIOUS. In conclusion, CEIOUS improves IOUS accuracy with a significant impact on surgical strategy and radicality in patients who undergo surgery for CRC liver metastases. Presented at the Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Chicago, Illinois, May 14–18, 2005 (oral presentation).     

Role of computed tomographic arterial portography and intraoperative ultrasound in the evaluation of patients for resectability of hepatic lesions

Computed tomographic arterial portography (CTAP) has been shown to be the most sensitive preoperative test for determining resectability of hepatic lesions but we have shown it to have low specificity. Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) evaluation of the liver has also been proposed as an accurate means of assessing resectability. We sought to compare the effectiveness of the two modalities. Fifty-six patients who had been deemed candidates for liver resection based on CTAP findings underwent systematic exploration, liver mobilization, and IOUS findings were in complete agreement with those of CTAP. In 10 patients CTAP lesions could not be verified by IOUS and these patients did not undergo resection. Follow-up of these 10 patients revealed eight who did not have progression of malignancy at the CTAP-predicted site (CTAP false positive). Two patients did have progression at a CTAP-positive IOUS-negative site (IOUS false negative). Sensitivity for CTAP and IOUS was 100% and 96%, respectively. Specificity for IOUS ficity of IOUS. CTAP may “overcall” hepatic lesions but IOUS can correctly identify these false positives ploration, we conclude that the two modalities are complementary for the assessment of resectability of hepatic lesions. The false positive rate for CTAP implies that caution must be used when declining to operate on patients on the basis of this test. Presented at the Thirty-Seventh Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, San Francisco, Calif., May 19–22, 1996.     

Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) is essential in the management of metastatic colorectal liver lesions

Metastatic tumors to the liver account for the majority of hepatic neoplasms. Improvement in resection has been shown to be beneficial and has remained the treatment of choice, carrying a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20 to 30 per cent. In evaluating candidates for surgery, intraoperative assessment for resectability is a key factor and dictates surgical approach, as well as patient prognosis. Historically, imaging techniques such as CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging, and CT arterial portography (CTAP) have been used in preoperative evaluation. However, the sensitivities of these diagnostic tools have been found to be less than optimal. Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) has emerged as an important tool in accurately staging metastatic liver disease with a sensitivity of 98 per cent. From 1994 to 1996, 23 patients have undergone IOUS for evaluation of suspected liver neoplasms in an ongoing prospective study. All patients had colorectal carcinoma. All patients received preoperative CT scan, and 11 patients with positive CT scans had CTAP. Fifteen patients were found to have colorectal metastasis to the liver. Surgical management in 7 of the 15 patients was modified because of the use of IOUS. Two patients were found to have unresectable disease thus abandoning hepatic resection, two were found to have additional lesions undetected by preoperative evaluation and were resected, and in two patients margins of resection were changed. One patient was found to have benign hepatic cysts, and no resection was performed. The use of IOUS modified the management of 44 per cent of our patients with liver metastases. IOUS should be routinely used in patients undergoing liver resection for metastatic liver disease.     

Role of intraoperative ultrasound of the liver with improved preoperative hepatic imaging.

OBJECTIVE: To find out whether intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) of the liver should still be considered a routine procedure for patients having hepatic resections as their preoperative investigation has become so much better with the standard use of triphasic spiral computed tomograms (CT). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University medical centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. PATIENTS: 26 consecutive patients undergoing liver resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: How much additional information was given by IOUS, and its influence on operative strategy; how IOUS facilitated the hepatic resection. RESULTS: IOUS revealed additional information over triphasic CT in 13/26 patients, which led to a change in the surgical procedure in 4 (15%). For all 4 patients the change in surgical approach proved to be correct as judged by histology and clinical outcome. In 12 patients IOUS facilitated the resection by providing helpful three-dimensional anatomical insight. CONCLUSION: Despite recent improvements in preoperative investigation, IOUS should still be recommended as a routine procedure in patients having hepatic resections. In addition to aiding the ultimate decision about which part to resect, it also gives insight into the hepatic anatomy.     

术中超声在肝脏外科中的应用

当今,术中超声已成为肝脏外科手术中必不可少的工具。在检测潜藏的病变方面,术中超声在敏感性和特异性方面具有术前影像学检查无法比拟的优势,同时,术中超声亦可对多种手术操作予以实时指导和辅助。本文通过对文献的回顾,对术中超声的发生发展,在肝肿瘤、肝移植及肝脏外科其它领域的应用和对肝脏外科的影响做一综述。术中超声具有快速、安全、精确及功用多的特点,其对建立正确的术中决策和改进手术方式具有很大的应用价值。     

Imaging strategies in hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma

Approximately two-thirds of metastatic lesions that develop following curative resection of colorectal cancer occur in the liver and lung. In select groups of patients, resection of these lesions is associated with increased 5-year survival. In the liver, precise preoperative documentation of the presence, location, number, and relationship of these lesions to vascular structure is crucial in the selection of candidates for curative resection. Computed tomography with arterial portography (CTAP), intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS), positron emission tomographic (PET) scan, and radionuclide scanning, including radiolabeled monoclonal antibody imaging, are emerging as the procedures of choice in the preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver.     

The value of intraoperative ultrasound and preoperative imaging, individually and in combination, in liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer

INTRODUCTION

Liver resection is proved to offer potential long-term survival for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Accurate radiological assessment is vital to enable an appropriate surgical approach. The role of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) has been controversial. This study was designed to analyse the accuracy of IOUS compared with that of preoperative imaging (POI) in these patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A prospective analysis of 51 consecutive patients who underwent liver resection for CRLM was undertaken. The accuracy of POI and IOUS were correlated and compared with histopathological analysis. Statistical analyses included t-tests, to compare continuous variables, and chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests to compare categorical variables. p<0.05 was considered significant

RESULTS

POI correlated with histology in 35 patients (68.6%). The sensitivity and specificity were 82.4% and 86.3% respectively. IOUS correlated with histology in 31 (60.8%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity were 84.3% and 76.5% respectively. There was no difference in accuracy between modalities. The accuracy of POI combined with IOUS correlated with histology in 40 patients (78.4%). The sensitivity and specificity were 88.2% and 84.3% respectively. The accuracy of combined modalities was significantly greater than IOUS or POI alone.

CONCLUSIONS

POI combined with IOUS may significantly increase the diagnostic accuracy of patients undergoing liver resection for CRLM.     

What is the yield of intraoperative ultrasonography during partial hepatectomy for malignant disease?

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) during hepatic resection for malignancy changes the operative plan or identifies occult unresectable disease in a large proportion of patients. This study was undertaken to reassess the yield of IOUS in light of recent improvements in preoperative staging. STUDY DESIGN: Patients with potentially resectable primary or metastatic hepatic malignancies subjected to exploration, bimanual palpation of the liver, and IOUS were evaluated prospectively. Intraoperative findings were recorded, and preoperative imaging studies were reanalyzed by radiologists blinded to the intraoperative findings. The extent of disease based on preoperative imaging was compared with the intraoperative findings. RESULTS: From October 1997 until November 1998, 111 patients were evaluated. At exploration, a total of 77 new findings or findings different than suggested on the imaging studies were identified in 61 patients (55%), the most common of which was additional hepatic tumors (n = 37). Thirty-five of 77 (45%) new findings were identified by IOUS alone and 10 (13%) by palpation alone; the remainder were identified by both palpation and IOUS. Forty-seven of 61 patients (77%) underwent a complete resection despite new intraoperative findings, with a modification (n = 28) or no change (n = 19) in the planned operation. Twenty-one patients (19%) had new findings identified only on IOUS. Thirteen of these patients underwent resection with no change in the operative plan, six underwent a modified resection and two were considered to have unresectable disease based solely on the findings of IOUS. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with hepatic malignancies submitted to a potentially curative resection, new intraoperative findings or findings different than suggested on preoperative imaging studies are common. But resection with no change in the operative plan or a modified resection is still possible in the majority of patients despite such findings. The findings on IOUS alone rarely lead to a change in the operative plan.     

Current value of intraoperative sonography during surgery for hepatic neoplasms

Noninvasive liver imaging has developed rapidly resulting in increased accuracy for detecting primary and secondary hepatic tumors. Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) was commonly considered to be the gold standard for liver staging, but the current value of IOUS is unknown in view of more sophisticated radiologic tools. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the impact of IOUS on the treatment of 149 patients undergoing liver surgery for malignant disease (colorectal metastasis, 61 patients; hepatoma, 52 patients; other hepatic malignant tumors, 36 patients). The sensitivities of computed tomography (CT), helical CT, magnetic resonance imaging, and IOUS in patients with colorectal metastases were 69.2%, 82.5%, 84.9%, and 95.2% in a segment-by-segment analysis; in patients with hepatoma their sensitivities were 76.9%, 90.9%, 93.0%, and 99.3%; and in patients with other hepatic malignancies they were 66.7%, 89.6%, 93.3%, and 98.9%, respectively. Additional malignant lesions (AMLs) were first detected by inspection and palpation in 20 patients (13.4%). In another 18 patients (12.1%) IOUS revealed at least one AML. Overall, the findings obtained only by IOUS changed the surgical strategy in 34 cases (22.8%). It was concluded that IOUS, having undergone some refinement as well, still has immense diagnostic value in hepatectomy candidates. Frequently avoiding palliative liver resection and occasionally disproving unresectability as assessed by preoperative imaging, IOUS still has a significant impact on surgical decision making and should still be considered the gold standard.