乳腺癌患者BRCAl基因外显子11突变研究

目的：检测乳腺癌患者（breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene1，BRCAl）基因exonll突变情况及突变位置，探讨BRCAl突变与乳腺癌的关系。方法：采取105例乳腺癌标本为实验组，30例非癌乳腺组织为对照组。应用PCR—SSCP技术和DNA直接测序法检测所有标本BRCAl基因外显子11全部序列的突变情况。结果：30例非癌乳腺组织BRCAl基因外显子11未检出突变，105例乳腺癌中有10例发生基因突变，占总例数的9．5％。10例中2例为同义突变：2430T→ C，2630T→G；8例为错义突变：2532T→G，2685T→C（2例），3191C→G，3232A→G，3667A→G（2例），3876C→A。结论：BRCAl基因外显子11突变与乳腺癌的发生关系密切，对其进行检测可能对乳腺癌的患病风险评估及早期诊断具有重要意义。     

乳腺癌BRCA1基因突变的研究

目的　乳腺癌易感基因 (BRCA1基因 )是一种抑癌基因。本研究检测BRCA1基因在乳腺癌中的突变情况 ,探讨BRCA1基因突变与乳腺癌的关系。方法　选取 89例乳腺癌患者标本作实验组 ,另取非癌乳腺组织标本 30例作对照组。每一例标本分别捣碎 ,分别用酚 -氯仿抽提法提取DNA ,每例DNA用PCR扩增BRCA1基因的 2、5、1 7、2 0等 4个外显子。分别将每例病人每个外显子的PCR扩增产物进行SSCP分析 ,对出现异常区带的PCR扩增产物进行DNA测序 ,与基因库序列比对分析其突变情况。结果　 30例非癌乳腺组织未检测出BRCA1基因突变 ,89例乳腺癌共检测出 4例突变 ,其中 2例为 5外显子的错义突变 (2 73C >G ,2 87A >T) ,2例为 1 7外显子的错义突变 (5 1 1 5T >C ,5 1 1 6A >G)。乳腺癌BRCA1的基因突变率为 4 5 %(4 / 89)。结论　BRCA1突变与乳腺癌有关系 ,检测BRCA1基因突变对于乳腺癌患病风险评估及早期诊断具有重要意义     

散发性大肠癌BRCA1抑癌基因突变的研究

目的:研究BRCA1抑癌基因第2外显子、第11外显子和第20外显子在大肠癌中的突变情况,探讨其与大肠癌发病的关系.方法:采用PCR-SSCP(聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性分析)结合银染的方法,对41例无血缘关系的大肠癌患者BRCA1抑癌基因第2、11、20外显子进行突变检测.结果:在外显子2、11、20的序列中未发现有突变.结论:在Ashkenazi犹太妇女中发现的两个突变热点185delAG和5382insC以及在家族性乳腺癌中报道较多3232A→G(导致1038号密码子由Glu变为Gly)这三个突变点,可能对中国人群散发性大肠癌的发生影响不大;BRCA1抑癌基因的突变可能与大肠癌等消化道恶性肿瘤无关.     

食管癌高发区p53基因第五外显子突变分析

目的 :探讨高发区食管癌标本中p5 3基因的突变状况及其与危险因素的关系 .方法 :采用PCR扩增产物纯化后直接DNA序列测定技术对河南省林州市 4 0例食管癌标本p5 3基因第五外显子突变情况进行检测 .结果 :4 0例食管癌标本中 ,有 8例标本 10个位点发生突变 ,突变率为 2 0 % (8/4 0 ) .10个突变中 9个为点突变 ,1个为插入突变 .突变大多发生在G :C碱基对 ,G :C→A :T的置换最多 ,占 5 / 9,A :T→T :A的颠换占 3/ 9,G :C→C :G的颠换占 1/ 9.p5 3基因第五外显子突变与性别、年龄、食管癌家族史和吸烟无显著联系 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但与食用酸菜有密切联系 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其OR值为 5 .95(1.13～ 31.2 6 ) .结论 :高发区食管癌标本中 p5 3基因第五外显子突变位点较为分散 ,经常食用酸菜可引起 p5 3基因突变     

人原发性肝癌组织内抑癌基因PTEN的突变检测

目的 检测人原发性肝细胞性肝癌(HCC)组织中抑癌基因PTEN的突变。方法 采用PCR—SSCP技术和DNA测序技术检测60例HCC组织中PTEN的突变。结果 在60例配对HCC标本中，发现了共6个突变位点的存在。其中，出现在外显子内的突变有1个，即在31B号标本第4外显子中5’—侧翼下游13bP处检测到C→T的突变(89031C→T)，该突变导致了PTEN蛋白第84伉氨基酸由精氨酸变为赖氨酸。另外5个突变均位于内含子中，包括在34B号标本的第4外显子3’-侧翼下游106bP处的5碱基(AATAG)缺失突变、在9B号标本的第4外显子3’—侧翼下游67bP处检测到的一个G→T点突变(89125G→T)、在33B号标本的第6外显子3’—侧翼下游58bP处检测到的一个T→A点突变(110285T→A)、在44B号标本的第8外显子5’—侧翼上游29bP处检测到的一个C—T点突变(118833C→T)、在22B号标本的第8外显子5’—侧翼上游82bP处检测到一个A→C点突变(118780A→C)。在我们选择的SK—HEP—1、HePG2、Huh—7、ChangliVer和WRL68肝脏细胞中未检测到PTEN基因的突变。结论 肝癌组织中PTEN突变可能参与了原发性肝癌的形成。     

家族性乳腺癌患者BRCA1基因序列突变分析

目的 研究山东济宁地区家族性乳腺癌(familiar breast cancer,FBC)患者BRCA1基因的突变情况.方法 选取山东济宁地区8个乳腺癌家系中各1例乳腺癌患者,10例乳腺导管内乳头状瘤病例为对照.应用PCR技术和DNA直接测序技术检测BRCA1基因外显子11的突变.结果 实验组与对照组在外显子11的序列...     

散发性乳腺癌中BRCA1基因突变的检测

目的 分析散发性乳腺癌患者BRCA1基因3个外显子的突变特性及突变位置。方法 采用PCR-SS-CP银染结合DNA直接测序方法，对34例乳腺癌患者BRCA1基因第2，11，20外显子进行突变检测。结果 2例患者BRCA1基因第11外显子的2430位点出现突变，由A变成G。结论 中国散发性乳腺癌中BRCA1突变率较低（6%），可能只与小部分散发性乳腺癌的发生相关；在普通人群中进行广泛的BRCA1突变筛查意义不大；在Ashkenazi犹太妇女中发现的两个突变热点185delAG和5382insC不是中国乳腺癌患者的突变热点，在中国人群中进行上述突变热点的筛查意义不大。     

散发性乳腺癌患者BRCA1基因突变检测

目的:研究散发性乳腺癌患者中,乳腺癌易感基因-1(BRCA1)的突变情况,并探讨其临床意义。方法:采用聚合酶链反应-单链构像多态性分析(PCR-SSCP)、标记染色双脱氧末端法DNA测序,对27例散发性乳腺癌患者以及正常对照组8例进行BRCA1基因全序列外显子突变检测。结果:27例患者中发现1例第16外显子基因突变,突变率为3.7%(1/27例);突变形式为4804C→G,突变结果引起单个氨基酸改变,使编码子1562由精氨酸代替脯氨酸。结论:在散发性乳腺癌患者中BRCA1基因突变率较低(3.7%),BRCA1可能通过突变以外的调节方式起作用。     

内蒙古地区汉族散发性乳腺癌与BRCA1基因突变的相关性研究

目的 本实验旨在研究内蒙古地区汉族散发性乳腺癌患者BRCA 1基因第11外显子有无突变.方法 选择内蒙古地区69例汉族散发性乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,提取DNA,采用聚HTK合酶链反应-单链构象多态性分析（PCR-SSCP）和基因测序技术方法检测BRCA 1基因第11外显子.统计分析BRCA 1基因突变情况.结果 69例散发性乳腺癌中BRCA 1基因第11外显子上共发现2例突变（2073delA移码突变和W372X无义突变）.结论 内蒙古地区汉族散发性乳腺癌中BRCA1基因第11外显子发现2例突变,均已收录于NCBI数据库中;尚未发现国内文献报道的在中国汉族群中可能具有部分始祖效应的突变位点.     

中国汉族乳腺癌家系中BRCA1和BRCA2基因的胚系突变

目的 检测中国家族性乳腺癌中BRCA1和BRCA2的胚系突变位点。方法 对象为来自汉族的14个乳腺癌家系中的15例乳腺癌患者、散发性乳腺癌患者76例和正常对照100名,知情同意后取其外周静脉血,提取基因组DNA,用15例家族性乳腺癌患者和2份pool DNA(每份pool DNA含50名正常对照者的等量DNA)作为样本,对BRCA1基因外显子4、8、11、18、19、20和部分内含子区域,BRCA2基因外显子1～14、外显子17～24和外显子27及部分内含子区域进行序列测定。用DNA Star软件进行序列比较分析,筛查基因突变位点及多态性位点,对有意义的突变位点在正常对照和散发性乳腺癌患者中进行基因分型。结果 在BRCA1的外显子11上发现6个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点,2个不改变氨基酸编码,4个改变氨基酸编码。其中2个为致病性位点：一个致病位点为G 1235A(Trp 372 stop),导致蛋白质合成终止,该位点仅在1例29岁的家族性乳腺癌患者中发现;另一致病位点C 1196 T(Pro 359 Leu)也只在1例37岁的家族性乳腺癌患者中发现,该位点在正常对照和散发性乳腺癌患者中进行基因分型后均为野生型,并在相关的文献和乳腺癌信息中心网站的突变数据库中均未检索到,为一新的中国家族性乳腺癌特有的致病位点。在BRCA2的外显子3、10及11中发现8个SNP位点,5个不改变氨基酸编码,3个改变氨基酸的编码,其中2个位点A 1093 C(Asn 289 His)和A 3199 G(Asn 991 Asp)在2个pool DNA样本中均为野生型。结论 在BRCA1上发现两个致病的SNP,可能与早发型乳腺癌有关,其中一个可能是中国家族性乳腺癌特有的新的突变位点。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.