外源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对缺血大鼠脑内源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子表达的影响

目的 研究外源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)缩小局灶性脑缺血梗死灶的机制。方法 用免疫组化ABC法检测在局灶性脑缺血模型上给予生理盐水或bFGF后早期生长反应蛋白-1(Egr-1)，bFGF，碱性成纤维细胞生长因子受体(bFGFR)的动态表达。结果 给药组在3h～3d各时间段梗死灶均有不同程度的缩小。对照组和给药组Egr-1表达均表现为3～6h的增强过程，但给药组更强于对照组。对照组12h见有bFGF表达增强，而bFGFR表达3h到达高峰，6h起下降，12h时bFGFR的表达已恢复至正常水平(出现了配体和受体表达时相上不匹配)。给药组bFGF表达提前且增强，3h即见有bFGF表达增强，6h时出现第一峰，从而与bFGFR 3～6h的表达增强过程相吻合。结论 外源性bFGF能缩小梗死灶，该神经保护作用是通过Egr-1蛋白高表达使内源性bFGF的表达增高且提前，从而与bFGFR的表达增强过程重叠而实现的。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、表皮生长因子对脑缺血大鼠内源性神经干细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、表皮生长因子(EGF)对大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型内源性神经干细胞增殖的影响。方法通过大脑中动脉阻塞法建立大鼠的局灶性脑缺血模型,随机分组后分别皮下注射生理盐水、bFGF、EGF以及bFGF EGF;每日1次,共3d,此后每3d1次。采用免疫组化法,以5溴脱氧嘧啶尿苷(Brdu)标记神经干细胞,观察并比较各组大鼠制模后第7d、14d、21d侧脑室室管膜下区(SVZ)和海马齿状回Brdu阳性细胞的表达。结果制模后,各组大鼠双侧SVZ和海马齿状回均出现Brdu阳性细胞,且阳性细胞数随时间递减;与对照组相比,药物干预组Brdu阳性细胞数显著增加(P<0.05～0.01);与单药组相比,bFGF EGF组(联合组)Brdu阳性细胞数增加更明显(P<0.05～0.01);各药物干预组在制模第7dBrdu阳性细胞数最多(P<0.05～0.01)。结论皮下注射bFGF、EGF可促进脑缺血大鼠模型内源性神经干细胞的增殖;bFGF和EGF联合应用对脑缺血大鼠神经干细胞的增殖效应有协同作用。     

bFGF和PDGF-B蛋白在脑缺血再灌注大鼠模型中的表达和血管形成的研究

目的 探讨脑缺血再灌注大鼠不同时间碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)和血小板源性生长因子-B(PDGF-B)的表达水平及其与血管形成的关系。方法 采用线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉局灶性脑缺血再灌注(MCAO/R)模型,分为假手术组和MCAO/R组,MCAO/R组缺血2 h后根据再灌注时间窗的不同分为0、6、24 h、3、7、14、21 d共7组,应用HE染色观察病理变化并测定脑梗死体积,用免疫组化法检测CD34蛋白的表达水平并计数微血管密度(MVD),用免疫组化法检测bFGF和PDGF-B蛋白的表达水平。结果 bFGF蛋白表达水平在MCAO/R 6 h后即开始升高,3 d到达高峰,7 d开始降低。PDGF-B蛋白表达水平在MCAO/R 24 h后明显升高,3 d到达高峰,7 d有所下降,持续到14 d左右。MVD表达在MCAO/R 3 d开始升高,7 d到达高峰。bFGF和PDGF-B蛋白表达水平与MVD变化呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论 局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤可诱导bFGF、PDGF-B和新生血管表达增加,激活内源性脑保护机制。     

bFGF，bFGFR及Egr—1基因蛋白在大鼠局灶性脑缺血后的表达

观察持续性局灶性脑缺血（permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion，pMCAO）损伤后表达碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF）的细胞种类、时相与不同细胞之间的相互影响，并探讨Egr-1基因蛋白对bFGF表达的影响。结果表明：在持续性局灶性脑缺血后，缺血梗死灶周边区免疫组化结果显示bFGF表达出现双相增强。缺血1h缺血边缘区主要在星形胶质细胞（Astrocyte,As）中bFGF出现一过性增强，并见细胞外基质中出现bFGF点状着色。缺血6h-1d时bFGF染色再次增强，神经元及各类胶质细胞中的表达均有增强。但是经Western-blot定量测定发现脑组织bFGF含量仅在缺血后6h-1d时出现增强。缺血1h时，bFGF可能经缺血细胞受损的细胞膜到达细胞外，与细胞外硫酸肝素或相关分子结合，内化进入缺血边缘区细胞，从而造成bFGF免疫组化染色一过性增强。第二次增强可能是缺血损伤刺激及内化的bFGF诱导的蛋白合成的增加。缺血2-6h bFGFR在神经元及各类胶质细胞中的表达均增强，主要位于缺血区的边缘。位于bFGFR表达时程早于bFGF转录合成增加，因此限制了内源性bFGF发挥保护缺血损伤神经元的作用，这使得外源应用bFGF成为必要。Egr-1基因蛋白的表达在缺血损伤后1－6h增强，其表达增高的时相早于bFGF蛋白转录合成的增加，并且因为其能够促进bFGF启动子的活性，因而可能在bFGF自分泌机制中发挥重要作用。     

碱性成纤维细胞因子在局灶性脑缺血后内源性神经干细胞增殖过程中对β-catenin的影响

BACKGROUND： The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in neural development. ,β-catenin is an important component of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The Wnt signaling pathway has been shown to regulate the interaction of neural stem cells with the extracellular matrix.
OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） on β-catenin protein and mRNA expression, and on hippocampal neural stem cell proliferation in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, neurobiology experiment was performed in Shenyang Medical College between August 2006 and August 2008. MATERIALS： A total of 72 healthy male Wistar rats, aged 3 months, were used in this study. bFGF was provided by Beijing SL Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., China. METHODS： Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups： sham-operated, ischemia/reperfusion, and bFGF-treated （n = 24 per group）. Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was induced in rats from the ischemia/reperfusion group and the bFGF-treated group by 2 hour right middle cerebral artery occlusion and 2 hour restoration of blood flow using the suture method. The ischemia/reperfusion and bFGF-treated groups were intraperitoneally administered 500 IU/mL of bFGF, or the same volume of physiological saline, once a day at postoperative days 1 3, and once every 3 days thereafter. Simultaneously, the sham-operated group underwent experimental procedures identical to the ischemia/reperfusion and bFGF-treated groups, with the exception of ischemia/reperfusion induction and drug administration. At 2 hours, 2, 6, 13, and 20 days after ischemiaJreperfusion induction, 50 mg/kg bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU） was administered to each group, twice daily, to label proliferating neural stem cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The effects of bFGF on BrdU labeling, and ,8 -catenin mRNA and protein expression, in neural stem cells were examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, RT-PCR, and in situ hybridization techniques. RESULTS： In the sham-operated group, only a few BrdU-immunoreactive neural stem cells were found. In the ischemia/reperfusion group, BrdU-immunoreactive cells began to increase from 3 days after ischemia/reperfusion induction, reached a peak level at 7 days, and gradually reduced from 21 days. At 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after ischemia/reperfusion induction, the numbers of BrdU-immunoreactive cells were significantly greater in the bFGF-treated group than in the ischemia/reperfusion group. The sham-operated group exhibited slight expression of β-catenin and β-catenin mRNA. In the ischemia/reperfusion group, the expression of β-catenin and β-catenin mRNA gradually increased with reperfusion time, peaked at 14 days after reperfusion, and gradually decreased thereafter; by 21 days, the expression was markedly lower. Following bFGF injection, the expression of hippocampal BrdU, β-catenin, and β-catenin mRNA had apparently increased in each group. CONCLUSION： bFGF promotes neural stem cell proliferation, and the expression of β-catenin and β-catenin mRNA in the ischemic brain tissue. These findings indicate that bFGF promotion of neural stem cell proliferation may be mediated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.     

Protective effects of basic fibroblast growth factor against hippocampal neuronal damage following cerebral ischemia in the gerbil

We examined the effects of treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) on hippocampal CA1 neuronal damage following 3 min of forebrain ischemia in the gerbil. Continuous infusion of b-FGF (24 or 240 ng/day over 4 days) using an implanted osmotic minipump into the lateral ventricle prevented CA1 neuronal damage in a dose-dependent manner.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和银杏叶提取物对实验性脑梗死的作用

目的 探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)和银杏叶提取物(GbE)对实验性脑梗死的作用.方法 健康家猫40只,随机分为生理盐水对照(A)组、bFGF治疗(B)组、CbE治疗(C)组和bFGF GbE联合治疗(D)组;采用左侧眼眶入路制作猫大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型;制模后即刻、24 h、48 h分别给予相应的药物干预;制模后1 d、7 d分别进行神经功能缺损评分;制模后7 d对脑组织切片进行光镜和电镜下病理及超微结构观察.结果 D组神经功能缺损评分(41.50±8.18)明显低于A组(82.20±8.08)、B组(63.60±6.22)和C组(61.00±6.58)(均P<0.01);光镜下D组神经细胞核轻度皱缩,细胞周围间隙大致正常,神经纤维网疏程度不严重;电镜下D组神经元轻度变性,细胞核无皱缩,核膜完整,线粒体轻度肿胀;脑组织病理损害程度较B组和C组明显减轻.结论 bFGF和GbE联合治疗实验性脑梗死疗效优于二种药物的单一用药,两药合用具有脑保护的协同作用.     

血管内皮生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在缺血预处理大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注区域的表达

背景：脑缺血预处理可增加碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的表达,可能导致脑缺血耐受的产生。大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注给予血管内皮生长因子能够起到神经保护作用。 目的：观察缺血预处理对缺血再灌注大鼠血管内皮生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子表达的影响。 方法：将SD大鼠随机分为缺血预处理组、模型组和假手术组。缺血预处理及模型组线栓法阻塞大脑中动脉制备脑缺血模型。预处理组在脑缺血-再灌注前3 d用插入尼龙线阻塞大脑中动脉,缺血2 h后再灌注22 h。模型组第一次手术将线栓前推5 mm,不阻断血流,其他同预处理组。假手术组仅插入尼龙线不阻塞大脑中动脉。用苏木精-伊红染色法观察3组间神经细胞变化。用抗生物素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物法检测各组血管内皮生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子蛋白的表达。分别比较3组神经功能评分、光镜下脑缺血再灌注区神经细胞形态、血管内皮生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的表达。 结果与结论：与模型组比较,预处理组神经功能评分明显低于模型组(P < 0.01)。光镜下观察结果显示,与模型组比较,预处理组缺血面积及缺血程度均减轻,血管内皮生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子表达均明显升高(P < 0.05)。结果提示缺血预处理可能通过增强血管内皮生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子而对缺血再灌注大鼠神经细胞起保护作用。     

Transcription factor changes following long term cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

The present study established a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury using four-vessel occlusion and found that hippocampal CA1 neuronal morphology was damaged, and that there were reductions in hippocampal neuron number and DNA-binding activity of cAMP response element binding protein and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, accompanied by decreased learning and memory ability. These findings indicate that decline of hippocampal cAMP response element binding protein and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein DNA-binding activities may contribute to neuronal injury and learning and memory ability reduction induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.     

托吡酯对慢性癫(癎)大鼠海马碱性成纤维细胞生长因子表达的影响

目的研究托吡酯（TPM）对慢性癫痫大鼠海马碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）表达的影响。方法制作戊四氮（PTZ）慢性癫痫点燃大鼠模型，分为PTZ组、TPM组及正常对照组，每组又以5d、10d、15d3个时间点各分为3小组。免疫组化法观察各组海马CAl、CA3区及齿状回bFGF表达，HE染色观察病理形态学改变。结果（1）行为学观察：PTZ组和TPM组在癫痫发作上无明显差别。（2）bFGF表达：①各组齿状回区bFGF表达：PTZ组和TPM组各时点表达不断增高，与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01），尤以10d及15d时增高更明显，与5d时比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。②各组CAl区bFGF表达：PTZ组各时点均有明显表达，且随时间延长而表达不断增高，各时点比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01），与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）；TPM组在5d时与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），而10d、15d时逐渐下降，接近正常对照组水平。③各组CA3区bFGF表达：5d时3组比较差异无统计学意义。但PTZ组和TPM组在10d时与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），PTZ组在15d时和TPM组及正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。（3）病理形态学改变：PTZ组和TPM组的海马CAl、CA3区尤其是CAl区可见较多神经元发生变性和坏死，PTZ组更显著。结论PTZ点燃过程中海马bF-GF表达增高，尤其在CAl区，且随时间延长有表达不断增高的趋势。TPM可能通过减少海马神经元损伤而明显下调海马CAl、CA3区bFGF的表达。     

局灶缺血诱导大鼠脑肝细胞生长因子表达的动态观察

目的:探讨肝细胞生长因子(HGF)在局灶脑缺血边缘区表达的动态变化及其意义。方法:采取线栓法建立局灶脑缺血模型,根据缺血时间分为1h、3h、12h、24h组,RT-PCR法检测HGF的表达及其动态变化。结果:缺血1h脑缺血边缘区即有HGF的表达,且随着缺血时间的延长其表达逐渐增强,24h尤为明显。结论:HGF在局灶脑缺血诱导的高表达可能在脑缺血损伤组织的保护及修复过程中起重要作用。     

Production of platelet-activating factor during focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in the rat

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid mediator implicated in a diverse range of pathological processes. Beneficial effects of PAF antagonists have been shown in various models of central nervous system ischemia. In this study, we evaluated the production of PAF during focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in the rat. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery with a thread. Quantification of PAF was performed with the radioimmunoassay technique. PAF was detected in the brain under normal conditions. Tissue PAF level in the ischemic cerebral hemisphere significantly decreased by prolonged ischemia (P<.05). Conversely, the decreased tissue PAF level during ischemia was significantly increased again by reperfusion (P<.05), but was still low compared with the control. This study indicates that the production of PAF in the brain tissue decreased by prolonged ischemia, and suggests the role of PAF in the reperfusion phase rather than during ischemia in the pathophysiology of ischemic brain injury.     

Dose-dependent effects of procyanidin on nerve growth factor expression following cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion injury in rats★

BACKGROUND： Recently, grape seed procyanidin （GSP） has been shown to be exhibit antioxidant effects, effectively reducing ischemia/reperfusion injury and inhibiting brain cell apoptosis. OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of GSP on nerve growth factor （NGF） expression and neurological function following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. DESIGN： Randomized controlled study based on SD rats. SETTING： Weifang Municipal People＇s Hospital. MATERIALS： Forty-eight healthy adult SD rats weighing 280-330 g and irrespective of gender were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Shandong University. GSP derived from grape seed was a new high-effective antioxidant provided by Tianjin Jianfeng Natural Product Researching Company （batch number： 20060107）. Rabbit-anti-rat NGF monoclonal antibody was provided by Beijing Zhongshan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and SABC immunohistochemical staining kit by Wuhan Boster Bioengineering Co., Ltd. METHODS： The present study was performed in the Functional Laboratory of Weifang Medical College from April 2006 to January 2007. Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, ischemia/reperfusion group, high-dose GSP （40 mg/kg） group, or low-dose GSP （10 mg/kg） group （n = 12 per group）. Ischemia/reperfusion injury was established using the threading embolism method of the middle cerebral artery. Rats in the ischemia/reperfusion model group were given saline injection （2 mL/kg i.p.） once daily for seven days pre-ischemia/reperfusion, and once more at 15 minutes before reperfusion. Rats in the high-dose and low-dose GSP groups were injected with GSP （20 or 5 mg/mL i.p., respectively, 2 mL/kg） with the same regime as the ischemia/reperfusion model group. The surgical procedures in the sham operation group were as the same as those in the ischemia/reperfusion model group, but the thread was approximately 10 mm long, thus, the middle cerebral artery was not blocked. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： NGF expression in the     

大鼠脑缺血再灌注后星形胶质细胞反应性变化差异与海马CA1区的迟发性神经元死亡

BACKGROUND： Blood supply to the hippocampus is not provided by the middle cerebral artery. However, previous studies have shown that delayed neuronal death in the hippocampus may occur following focal cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion.
OBJECTIVE： To observe the relationship between reactive changes in hippocampal astrocytes and delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region following middle cerebral artery occlusion.
DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The immunohistochemical, randomized, controlled animal study was performed at the Laboratory of Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from July to November 2007.
MATERIALS： Rabbit anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） （Neomarkers, USA）, goat anti-rabbit IgG （Sigma, USA） and ApoAlert apoptosis detection kit （Biosciences Clontech, USA） were used in this study. METHODS： A total of 42 healthy adult male Wistar rats, aged 3–5 months, were randomly divided into a sham operation group （n = 6） and a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group （n = 36）. In the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion models were created by middle cerebral artery occlusion. In the sham operation group, the thread was only inserted into the initial region of the internal carotid artery, and middle cerebral artery occlusion was not induced. Rats in the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group were assigned to a delayed neuronal death （＋） subgroup and a delayed neuronal death （–） subgroup, according to the occurrence of delayed neuronal death in the ischemic side of the hippocampal CA1 region following cerebral ischemia.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region was measured by Nissl staining. GFAP expression and delayed neuronal death changes were measured in the rat hippocampal CA1 region at the ischemic hemisphere by double staining for GFAP and TUNEL.
RESULTS： After 3 days of ischemia/reperfusion, astrocytes with abnormal morphology were detected in the rat hippocampal CA1 region in the delayed neuronal death （＋） subgroup. No significant difference in GFAP expression was found in the rat hippocampal CA1 region at the ischemic hemisphere in the sham operation group, delayed neuronal death （＋） subgroup and delayed neuronal death （–） subgroup （P 〉 0.05）. After 7 days of ischemia/reperfusion, many GFAP-positive cells, which possessed a large cell body and an increased number of processes, were activated in the rat hippocampal CA1 region at the ischemic hemisphere. GFAP expression in the hippocampal CA1 region was greater in the delayed neuronal death （＋） subgroup and delayed neuronal death （–） subgroup compared with the sham operation group （P 〈 0.01）. Moreover, GFAP expression was significantly greater in the delayed neuronal death （–） subgroup than in the delayed neuronal death （＋） subgroup （P 〈 0.01）. After 30 days of ischemia/reperfusion, GFAP-positive cells were present in scar-like structures in the rat hippocampal CA1 region at the ischemic hemisphere. GFAP expression was significantly greater in the delayed neuronal death （＋） subgroup and delayed neuronal death （–） subgroup compared with the sham operation group （P 〈 0.05）. GFAP expression was significantly lower in the delayed neuronal death （–） subgroup than in the delayed neuronal death （＋） subgroup （P 〈 0.05）. The delayed neuronal death rates were 42% （5/12）, 33% （4/12） and 33% （4/12） at 3, 7 and 30 days, respectively, followingischemia/reperfusion. No significant differences were detected at various time points （χ2 = 0.341, P 〉 0.05）.
CONCLUSION： The activation of astrocytes was poor in the hippocampal CA1 region during the early stages of ischemia, which is an important reason for delayed neuronal death. Glial scar formation aggravated delayed neuronal death during the advanced ischemic stage.     

实验性局灶性脑缺血再灌流后bcl—2蛋白的表达

目的探讨ｂｃｌ－２在大鼠局灶脑缺血再灌流损伤中的表达与缺血所致凋亡的关系。方法采用免疫组化方法观察ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌流后皮层和基底节区动态变化。结果ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在大脑中动脉阻塞２ｈ后，随再灌流时间延长其解剖分布不同。基底节区持续时间短，而皮层区持续时间较长，其中再灌流６ｈ，ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达最显著。结论ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达与神经细胞存活密切相关，可能是神经细胞自我保护机制之一，防止或减少细胞凋亡的发生     

局灶性脑缺血大鼠CREB1活性调节转导子的相关研究

目的探讨磷酸化cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(p-CREB)、CREB1活性调节转导子(TORC1)和脑源性神经影响因子(BDNF)在局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑皮质中的表达规律及意义。方法用线栓法分别制作雄性SD大鼠右侧大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)后3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h及72h模型,应用蛋白印迹法分别检测TORC1、BDNF和p-CREB在局灶性脑缺血皮质的蛋白表达水平,用聚合酶链反应技术检测TORC1和BDNF mRNA的相对表达水平。结果与正常组相比,TORC1的核累积和细胞表达的两个高峰为术后3 h和48 h,而p-CREB和BDNF的两个高峰分别为3 h和72 h,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TORC1可能在大鼠局灶性脑缺血后48 h前参与促进了顶叶皮质神经元细胞CREB/BDNF通路的活化,对皮质神经元具有保护作用。     

Changes in corticocerebral morphology in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury following ＂Xingnao Kaiqiao＂ acupuncture

BACKGROUND： Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury has been shown to induce inflammatory reactions, including white blood cell activation and adhesion molecule expression. These reactions often lead to aggravated neuronal injury. OBJECTIVE： To observe corticocerebral pathology, as well as ultrastructural changes, in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through optical and electron microscopy, and to investigate interventional effects of ＂Xingnao Kaiqiao＂ acupuncture （a brain-activating and orifice-opening acupuncture method）. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, neuropathology, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between April and June 2004. MATERIALS： A total of 50 healthy, male, Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups, with 10 rats per group： control, sham-operated, model, non-acupoint, and ＂Xingnao Kaiqiao ＂. Transmission electron microscope （TEM 400ST） was provided by Philips, Netherlands. Electro-acupuncture treatment apparatus （KWD-8082） was provided by Changzhou Wujin Great Wall Medical Instrument, China. METHODS： Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in the model, non-acupoint, and ＂Xingnao Kaiqiao＂ groups. Rats from the control group did not undergo any treatment. The sham-operated group received identical experimental procedures as the model group, except that the nylon suture was not inserted into the right internal carotid artery. At 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury induction, rats from the Xingnao Kaiqiao group underwent 1-minute acupuncture at the bilateral ＂Neiguan＂ （PC 6） acupoint, using a reducing method of lifting-thrusting and twirling-rotating. Subsequently, the rats were subjected to acupuncture at the ＂Renzhong＂ （DU26） acupoint 10 times by a heavy bird-pecking method. The non-acupoint group     

碱性成纤维生长因子和神经生长因子联合应用培养成年大鼠海马神经干细胞向神经元样细胞的分化

背景：影响神经干细胞向神经元分化的因素很多,各种营养因子可以不同程度地刺激神经干细胞向神经元分化,如何使神经干细胞大量分化为神经元是研究的热点问题。 目的：观察联合应用碱性成纤维生长因子和神经生长因子对成年大鼠海马神经干细胞为神经元的影响。 方法：无菌条件下分离大鼠脑海马组织,传至第4代克隆球直径约为200 μm时,滴加DMEM/F12+2% B27+20 μg/L表皮生长因子+20 μg/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子,进行单细胞克隆培养,传代的神经干细胞分成空白对照组、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组、神经生长因子组、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子+神经生长因子组。观察传代后的克隆球进行神经干细胞免疫细胞化学染色鉴定,计数神经元特异性烯醇化酶阳性细胞率,检测神经干细胞向神经元的分化情况。 结果与结论：①单细胞克隆培养后,克隆球细胞表达巢蛋白,诱导分化后神经元特异性烯醇化酶、胶质纤维酸性蛋白均呈阳性表达。②与空白对照组神经干细胞分化为神经元的比例比较,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组、神经生长因子组、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组+神经生长因子组均明显提高(P < 0.05),且碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组+神经生长因子组神经元的比例最高(P < 0.05)。提示,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子可以提高神经生长因子诱和神经生长因子均可促进神经干细胞向神经元分化,且二者联合应用效果更佳。