治疗65例肺癌脑转移探讨

目的：探讨影响肺癌脑转移综合治疗的预后因素及提高生存质量的可能性。方法：１９９０年３月￣１９９５年３月间对６５例癌脑转移患者行单纯放疗及手术切除加放疗。放疗（全脑）分为２组：常规放疗剂量２２￣４０Ｇｙ／２．２￣４ｗ,后缩野追加１５￣２０Ｇｙ／１．５￣２ｗ;全脑快速照射剂量１８￣２４Ｇｙ／１．１￣１．５ｗ,后缩野追加１５￣２０Ｇｙ／１．５￣２．０ｗ。结果：手术切除加放疗物中位生存期９．５个月和１年生     

86例肺癌脑转移治疗分析

肺癌脑转移很常见,发生率２３％～５０％［１］,是肺癌死亡的主要原因之一。为了分析肺癌脑转移的有效治疗手段及生存质量因素,作者总结本院近５ａ收治肺癌脑转移病人可查资料８６例,报告如下。１材料与方法１．１材料我院１９９２年２月至１９９７年１０月共诊断肺癌...     

38例肺癌脑转移瘤放射治疗效果分析

目的：探讨立体定向放射治疗加全脑照射治疗肺癌脑转移瘤疗效，结合文献复习对其治疗原则做一探讨。方法：38例肺癌脑转移瘤患者均行立体定向放射治疗加全脑照射的放射治疗，24例先行立体定向放射治疗，14例先行全脑照射。立体定向放射治疗周边剂量10-28Gy，单次或分次完成；全脑照射DT30-40Gy/3-4周，均用瓦里安6MV的直线加速器实施治疗。结果：38例中位生存时间9.8个月，肿瘤控制率92.1%，1年生存率39.5%。治疗失败原因为肿瘤复发或全身多部位转移。结论：立体定向放射治疗加全脑照射在肺癌脑转移瘤的治疗效果明显低于常规的全脑照射加缩野推量技术。     

肺癌脑转移的综合治疗探讨

肺癌脑转移是晚期肺癌的主要表现之一,随着影像技术的发展,其诊断率不断提高。然而在治疗方法上仍不如意。对于不能手术的肺癌多发性脑转移灶患者,我们进行了放疗、化疗的综合治疗,现将资料和结果报道如下。1　资料与方法1.1　临床资料　本组25例,男18例,女7例,年龄在32岁...     

肺癌多发性脑转移的放射治疗

 肺癌多发性脑转移是常见的颅内转移性肿瘤,属肿瘤晚期,多数病人放弃治疗。针对这种情况,我们对这类病人施行了全脑放疗,取得了较为满意的效果。     

肺癌脑转移的治疗

目的 :探讨影响肺癌脑转移综合治疗的预后因素及提高生存质量的可能性。材料与方法 :1987年 1月～ 1993年 12月间对 117例肺癌脑转移患者行单纯放疗及手术切除加放疗。放疗 (全脑 )剂量2 3～ 4 0 Gy后缩野追加 15～ 2 4 Gy。结果 :手术切除加放疗的中位生存期 9.5个月和 1年生存率 6 2 .5 %显著优于单放组的 5 .7个月和 14 .2 % (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :肺癌脑转移采用手术加放疗的疗效比单纯放疗好     

34例肺癌脑转移的放射治疗

近年来 ,随着癌症治疗的进展 ,脑部CT的普遍的应用 ,脑转移瘤的发现逐渐增多 ,其中原发灶以肺癌最多见 [1 ,2 ] 。1994年 1月— 1998年 12月 ,我院共收治肺癌脑转移 34例 ,现将其放射治疗分析讨论如下。1　材料与方法1.1　一般资料　 34例肺癌脑转移患者中 ,男性 2 9例 ,女性 5例 ;年龄 43岁～72岁 ,中位年龄 5 8岁。肺癌的诊断全部先于脑转移的诊断 ,所有病例均经病理和 /或细胞学证实。原发灶的病理分类为 :鳞癌 8例 ,腺癌 12例 ,腺鳞癌 3例 ,小细胞癌 6例 ,未分类 5例。脑转移灶均经 CT或 MRI扫描证实 ,其中单发转移灶 8例 ,2个～ 5个…     

肺癌脑转移的综合治疗探讨

肺癌脑转移占全部脑转移癌的50％，是肺癌的晚期表现。如不治疗中位生存期仅1个月，尽管给予积极治疗，生存期有明显延长，但预后仍非常差，大多数仍死于脑转移病变。怎样治疗为最佳方案，目前仍无明确定论。总结近年来在我院接受放疗、化疗综合治疗的肺癌脑转移病例，拟通过分析探讨肺癌脑转移综合治疗的价值。     

肺癌脑转移的治疗进展

肺癌脑转移的发生率高达25．4％～65％，占脑转移瘤的40％～60％，如果不治疗，平均生存期1～2个月。全脑放疗是传统有效的治疗手段，可提高中位生存时间4～5个月。立体定向放射治疗对〈4cm的转移灶疗效与手术相当。可使中位生存期达到9～15个月。而手术治疗在单发转移、肿瘤较大有明显占位效应致颅内压升高的患者可以获益。目前立体定向放射治疗和／或手术治疗＋／-全脑放疗＋／-化疗是肺癌脑转移的治疗模式，而分子靶向药物的治疗尚在探索之中。     

Primary chemotherapy for newly diagnosed nonsmall cell lung cancer patients with synchronous brain metastases compared with whole-brain radiotherapy administered first : result of a randomized pilot study

BACKGROUND: This randomized pilot trial investigated whether primary chemotherapy was feasible in terms of efficacy, survival, toxicity profile, and quality of life compared with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) given first in chemotherapy-naive patients nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with synchronous brain metastasis when neurologic symptoms or signs are absent or controlled by supportive care. METHODS: After stratification by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) (0-1 vs 2), the number of intracranial metastases (<3 vs 3< or =), and the presence of extrathoracic extracranial metastasis, eligible patients were randomized to the primary chemotherapy arm or the WBRT-first arm. World Health Organization (WHO) response criteria, National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC; version 2.0), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) C-30/LC-13 questionnaire were used. RESULTS: A total of 48 patients were enrolled between August 2002 and November 2005. The response rate of chemotherapy and survival outcomes in the primary chemotherapy arm were not statistically different from those in the WBRT-first arm (overall response rate, 28.0% vs 39.1%; progression-free survival, 3.6 months vs 4.4 months; overall survival, 9.1 months vs 9.9 months). There was close correlation noted between intracranial and extracranial tumor responses (k = 0.82). However, in the WBRT-first arm, grade 3 of 4 neutropenia was more frequent (79% vs 40%) during chemotherapy and 4 patients (17.4%) did not receive further chemotherapy because of early death or poor performance after WBRT. Cognitive function appeared to deteriorate during primary chemotherapy, but was also found to deteriorate after WBRT. CONCLUSIONS: Primary chemotherapy is more feasible and can be an appropriate option for patients with synchronous brain metastasis when neurologic symptoms or signs are absent or controlled. The role and timing of WBRT should be defined in further studies in this clinical setting.     

The prognostic factors of lung cancer patients with brain metastases treated with radiotherapy

Purpose: To analyze the prognostic factors of lung cancer with brain metastases (BM) and evaluate the role of cranial irradiation on survival. Methods and materials: From 1987 to 1994, 159 lung cancer patients with CT scan documented BM were reviewed. All of them underwent cranial irradiation (median radiation dose: 30 Gy). Chemotherapy and surgery of BM were performed in 21 and 10 cases, respectively. Results: Overall median survival was 3.5 months and one year survival rate was 10.69%. Univariate analysis showed that the significant factors were performance status, age, total radiation dose to brain, BM as the first metastasis, neurosurgery, symptoms of urine/stool incontinence, and synchronous BM. Multivariate analysis indicated that (1) performance status (p=0.0002), (2) total radiation dose (p=0.0032), (3) BM as the first metastasis (p=0.0449), (4) neurosurgery (p = 0.0233), (5) symptoms of urine/stool incontinence (p = 0.0002), and (6) the presence of a midline shift on cranial CT scans (p = 0.0063) were significant prognostic factors. Conclusion: The prognosis of BM in lung cancer patients is extremely poor. Radiotherapy appears as an effective means of palliation with 75% overall symptomatic response rate. Higher radiation dose ( 30 Gy) and neurosurgery are associated with longer survival. Good performance status, BM as the first metastasis, absence of sphincter dysfunction, and midline shift on CT scans are favorable prognostic predictors. The role of midline shift is very interesting and needs to be explored further.     

32 例肺癌脑转移综合治疗疗效探讨

目的：分析32例肺癌脑转移综合治疗效果,探讨晚期肺癌综合治疗的意义.方法：32例患者均先行“全脑预防照射＋转移灶同步适形放疗加量”即“大野套小野”治疗.放疗同时予全身化疗2个周期,颅脑放疗完成后对肺原发灶进行适形放疗,肺部放疗结束后巩固化疗2－4个周期,治疗期间或治疗后,酌情辅助以“清热解毒、补气养血”为主的中医扶正治疗.结果：随访率为96.9%,颅内高压症状发生率100.0%,白细胞减少发生率1级37.5%（12例）、2级46.9%（15例）、3级12.5%（4例）、4级3.0%（1例）,放射性肺炎发生率15.6%（5例）.肺部原发灶：完全缓解（CR）15例（46.9%）,部分缓解（PR）14例（43.8%）,稳定（SD）3例（9.4%）,总有效率（ORR）90.7%.脑转移灶：CR 25例（78.1%）,PR 7例（21.9%）,ORR 100.0%.全组中位生存22个月,1、2、3、4年生存率分别为81.3%、46.9%、28.1%、6.3%.结论：肺癌脑转移病人经全身综合治疗可获得较好的近期疗效和短期生存率,积极的综合治疗对晚期肺癌病人仍有临床价值.     

VmP方案和全脑放射序贯治疗小细胞肺癌脑转移

背景与目的:单纯化疗或全脑放射治疗(wholebrainradiotherapy,WBRT)姑息性治疗小细胞肺癌(smallcelllungcancer,SCLC)脑转移,生存期均较短,本研究前瞻性观察比较VmP化疗方案与WBRT的不同序贯方法治疗SCLC脑转移患者的疗效、不良反应和生存期。方法:38例SCLC并脑转移初治患者根据使用床位非随机地分为A、B两组,经四格表精确概率法检验两组无显著差异(P>0.05)。A组(VmP-WBRT)采用先化疗2周期后放疗的治疗方法,B组(WBRT-VmP)采用先放疗后化疗2周期的治疗方法。化疗方案VmP:鬼臼噻吩甙(Teniposide,Vm-26)60mg/m2d1～5,顺铂(cisplatin,DDP)25mg/m2d1～3,4周为一治疗周期;WBRT方案:多灶性脑转移患者2周内放疗3Gy×10次;单灶脑转移患者在WBRT后1周内缩野放疗3Gy×5次。序贯治疗完成后继续化疗2～4周期。结果:两组病人治疗后80%以上的患者神经症状改善,两组脑转移癌、肺原发癌有效率和RECIST总客观有效率分别为68.2%和75.0%(P=0.647),77.3%和75.0%(P=0.871),63.6%和56.3%(P=0.646);肿瘤进展时间(timetoprogressions,TTP)分别为6.0个月(95%CI4.4～7.6)和5.0个月(95%CI3.6～6.4)(P=0.383);中位生存期(mediansurvivaltime,MST)分别为12.0个月(95%CI7.9～16.1)和9.0个月(95%CI5.6～12.4)(P=0.049);1年和2年生存率分     

Gefitinib alone or with concomitant whole brain radiotherapy for patients with brain metastasis from non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective study

Background: Gefitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is used both as a single drug and concurrently with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) the standard treatment for brain metastases (BM), and is reported to be effective in a few small studies of patients with BM from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, no study has compared the two treatment modalities. This retrospective analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy of gefitinib alone with gefitinib plus concomitant WBRT in treatment of BM from NSCLC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 90 patients with BM from NSCLC who received gefitinib alone (250mg/day, gefitinib group) or with concomitant WBRT (40Gy/20f/4w, gefitinib-WBRT group) between September 2005 and September 2009 at Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center. Forty-five patients were in each group. Results: The objective response rate of BM was significantly higher in gefitinib-WBRT group (64.4%) compared with gefitinib group (26.7%, P<0.001). The disease control rate of BM was 71.1% in gefitinib-WBRT group and 42.2% in gefitinib group (P=0.006). The median time to progression of BM was 10.6 months in gefitinib-WBRT group and 6.57 months in gefitinib group (P<0.001). The median overall survival(OS) of gefitinib-WBRT and gefitinib alone group was 23.40 months and 14.83 months, respectively (HR, 0.432, P=0.002). Conclusion: Gefitinib plus concomitant WBRT had higher response rate of BM and significant improvement in OS compared with gefitinib alone in treatment of BM from NSCLC.     

Therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis

Brain metastasis is a major cause of poor prognosis and high mortality for non-small cell lung cancer patients. The prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer（NSCLC） patients with brain metastasis is generally poor and more effective treatment is required to improve their prognosis. Whole-brain radiotherapy, surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, chemotherapy and targeted therapy are the main treatment for brain metastasis. This review focuses on the five therapeutic strategy and in particular, on targeted therapy.     

全身化疗同步全脑放疗治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移的临床研究

目的 探讨全身化疗同步全脑放疗(WBRT)用于非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)脑转移的可行性及安全性.方法 80例NSCLC脑转移患者按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各40例,分别给予全身化疗同步WBRT和全身化疗序贯WBRT.结果 两组患者Ⅰ～Ⅳ度白细胞减少发生率分别为12.5％、25.0％、25.0％、0.0和30.0％、25.0％、12.5％、15.0％,差异有统计学意义(x2=12.12,P＜0.05).观察组的治疗总缓鳃率为20.0％(8/40),对照组为22.5％ (9/40),差异无统计学意义(x2=1.79,P＞0.05).观察组中位无进展生存期为(3.5±2.3)个月,对照组为(3.6±1.1)个月,差异无统计学意义(t =5.23,P＞0.05);观察组1年生存率为37.5％(15/40),显著高于对照组的17.5％ (7/40),差异有统计学意义(x2 =9.11,P＜0.05).结论 全身化疗同步WBRT治疗NSCLC脑转移安全性较高,治疗效果好,具有较强的应用可行性.     

Blood-brain barrier permeability of gefitinib in patients with brain metastases from non-small-cell lung cancer before and during whole brain radiation therapy

Introduction

To explore the ability of gefitinib to penetrate blood brain barrier (BBB) during whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT).

Patients and Methods

Enrolled in this study were eligible patients who were diagnosed with BM from NSCLC. Gefitinib was given at 250 mg/day for 30 days, then concurrently with WBRT (40 Gy/20 F/4 w), followed by maintenance. Serial CSF and blood samples were collected on 30 day after gefitinib administration, and at the time of 10, 20, 30 and 40 Gy following WBRT. CSF and plasma samples of 13 patients without BM who were treated with gefitinib were collected as control. CSF and plasma gefitinib levels were measured by LC-MS/MS.

Results

Fifteen BM patients completed gefitinib plus WBRT. The CSF-to-plasma ratio of gefitinib in patients with BM was higher than that in patients without BM (1.34% vs. 0.36%, P < 0.001). The CSF-to-plasma ratio of gefitinib increased with the increased dose of WBRT and reached the peak (1.87 ± 0.72%) at 30 Gy, which was significantly higher than that 1.34 ± 0.49% at 0 Gy (P = 0.01). The median time to progression of brain lesions and the median overall survival were 7.07 and 15.4 months, respectively.

Conclusion

The BBB permeability of gefitinib increased in accordance with escalated dose of WBRT.     

小细胞肺癌颅内转移的治疗

目的　探讨小细胞肺癌脑转移综合治疗的疗效,方法　自１９８５．１～１９９３．１,共９８例小细胞肺癌颅内转移患者,按治疗方法不同,分为单纯化疗组（Ａ组）,单纯放疗组（Ｂ组）,综合治疗组（Ｃ组）,Ａ组３０例,Ｂ组３２例,Ｃ组３６ 例,结果Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三组的１、２年生存率及中位生存期分别为：Ａ组０,０,３．２个月;Ｂ组２５％ 、９．４％ 、６．５个月;Ｃ组３０．５％ 、１９．４％ 、９．６个月Ｂ、Ｃ两组１、２年生存率及中位生存期明显高于Ａ组,Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三组单发转移灶中位生存期分别为为３．４,７．２,１０．８个月。多发转移灶中位生存期分别为２．６、５．８、８．４个月。肺内原发灶控制患者中位生存期分别为４．４,７,１２个月,肺内原发灶未控制患者,中位生存期分别为２．６,５．８,９．２个月。如何提高肺部原发灶控制率,提高小细胞肺癌颅内转移疗效,仍需进一步探讨,结论　在小细胞肺癌的综合治疗中,放疗＋ 化疗可提高患者生存率,只要病人条件允许,全脑预防照射是有积极意义的,可否提高生存率,应作随机分组临床研究。     

全脑照射加Vm-26治疗肺癌脑转移临床研究

目的观察Vm-26配合全脑放疗与单纯放疗治疗肺癌脑转移的疗效、生存时间及不良反应。方法将60例肺癌脑转移患者随机分为单纯放疗组(放疗组30例)和放化疗综合组(综合组30例)。放疗组全脑常规放疗40Gy/4周。综合组放疗方法与单纯放疗组相同,放疗第1天开始给药,Vm-2660mg/m2,1次/周。结果放疗组和综合组总有效率分别为80.0%(24/30)和83.3%(25/30)。治疗后中位生存时间放疗组为5.4个月,综合组为7.6个月。两组中位生存时间比较差异有统计学意义,Z=2.365,P=0.0180,综合组骨髓抑制和胃肠反应高于放疗组,但大部分患者能耐受。结论肺癌脑转移患者全脑放疗加Vm-26可以延长生存时间。