后尿道结石的高频超声诊断

目的探讨高频超声在后尿道结石中的临床诊断价值。方法临床拟诊后尿道结石48例,全部经低频探头检查后,再用经直肠高频探头及线阵探头,分别经直肠及会阴扫查观察后尿道结石的位置、大小、形态,并与药物保守治疗、手术及体外振波碎石术结果对照。结果经腹部超声用低频凸阵探头检查诊断为后尿道前列腺部结石39例,后尿道膜部结石1例,有明显血尿、阴茎放射痛、排尿困难及尿潴留等临床症状而经腹部超声检查不能除外后尿道结石者8例。经高频超声检查诊断为后尿道前列腺部结石36例,后尿道膜部结石9例,尿道旁结石3例。结论高频超声对后尿道结石诊断准确性高,可为临床诊断提供一种良好的方法。     

高频凸阵探头对儿童先天性肛门直肠畸形的诊断价值

目的 探讨高频凸阵探头对儿童先天性肛门直肠畸形的超声图像特征及诊断价值.方法 应用高频凸阵探头对78例先天性肛门直肠畸形患者进行检查,分析其声像图特点,并于术前行X-线检查.结果 78例先天性肛门直肠畸形中,直肠盲端距肛穴皮肤>20 mm(高位畸形)者30例,15～20 mm(中间位畸形)者13例,<15 mm(低位畸形)者35例.高频凸阵探头判定失误2例,X-线检查判定失误9例,直肠盲端与肛穴皮肤间距的超声测量与外科检测结果基本一致,在本类疾病的临床分型中,高频凸阵探头检查明显优于X-线.结论 应用高频凸阵探头对患有先天性肛门直肠畸形的儿童进行检查,图像清晰,解剖层次分明,对本类疾病的临床分型有极为实际的应用价值.     

超声冠状平面扫查诊断眼虹膜外伤及其临床价值

为探讨超声诊断虹膜外伤的可能性段其临床价值，笔者应用10．0MHz线阵探头高频超声对眼虹膜进行冠状平面扫查，获得了直观的虹膜平面声像图。     

经直肠双平面超声探头在评估特纳综合征中的应用价值

目的 探讨经直肠双平面超声探头在评估特纳综合征中的应用价值。方法 选取确诊的16例特纳综合征患者资料，所有患者都进行经直肠双平面超声及经腹超声检查，以染色体核型为金标准，分析超声诊断的准确度，经直肠双平面超声探头下观察子宫长度，矢状切面和横切面宽度，内膜、卵巢存在或不存在，以及卵巢存在时大小。采用χ²检验对经直肠双平面超声诊断特纳综合征患者与经腹超声结果进行比较。结果 以染色体核型为金标准，经直肠双平面超声诊断特纳综合征符合率为93.7%(15/16),经腹凸阵探头诊断特纳综合征符合率为50.0%(8/16)。经直肠双平面超声检查与经腹部超声检查诊断结果比较，两者有统计学意义(P=0.018)。结论 经直肠双平面超声在评估特纳综合征的影像学表现具有较高的准确度。相对于经腹超声，它能够提供更翔实的信息，因此可被作为特纳综合征的辅助诊断方法广泛应用。     

环阵探头经腔内超声在复杂肛瘘诊断中的应用

目的探讨应用环阵探头经直肠腔内超声检查复杂肛瘘的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析21例复杂性多分支肛瘘管患者应用环阵探头经直肠腔内超声检查结果,并结合术中所见及术后随访对超声检查价值进行评价。结果应用环阵探头经直肠腔内超声检查复杂肛瘘可以清晰显示复杂肛瘘瘘管的走行、位置及开口方向,指导临床选择手术切口及手术入路。结论应用环阵探头经直肠腔内超声检查对于复杂肛瘘的术前诊断具有重要价值。     

环形经直肠高频超声诊断肛周脓肿的价值

肛周脓肿在临床上较为常见,目前线阵高频超声对于肛周脓肿的诊断应用越来越广泛[1],但是线阵高频超声探头大,无法测及肛管深部,对肛周深部脓肿效果不佳.本研究收集我院61例经手术证实的肛周脓肿患者,术前应用环形经直肠高频探头对肛周脓肿进行检查,旨在探讨环形经直肠高频超声诊断肛周脓肿的价值. 资料与方法 一、研究对象 2012年1-9月于我院就诊的肛周脓肿患者61例,男性53例,女性8例,年龄1～65岁.主要症状为肛门周围出现红肿热痛,有波动感,部分症状不典型,仅肛周瘙痒、不适,13例患者为肛周脓肿术后复发.     

口服超声造影剂强回声型在胃壁肿块诊断中的价值

目的探讨口服超声造影剂强回声型在胃壁肿块诊断中的价值。方法：采用“胃窗声学造影剂”充盈检查法，用凸阵探头与线阵高频探头相结合，对1150名患经腹壁超声检查。结果超声显示胃壁肿块62例，良性肿块5例，恶性肿瘤57例。结论超声造影剂能消除胃腔气体干扰及声学伪像，延长胃十二指肠的超声显像时间，明显提高胃壁肿块显示率，具有临床实用价值。     

超声对男性小儿尿道结石定位诊断的临床价值

目的探讨超声对男性小儿尿道结石定位诊断的临床价值。方法30例临床怀疑尿道结石嵌顿的男性小儿,低频探头检查后尿道,高频探头检查前尿道,确定结石并定位。结果结石位于尿道外口7例,结石位于膜部尿道16例,结石位于尿道内口6例,1例无尿道结石。全部病例经泌尿外科医生根据尿道不同部位结石采取不同的治疗方法治疗后症状消除,复查超声尿道结石消失,超声定位诊断符合率100%。结论超声检查是小儿尿道结石定位诊断的最可靠、准确的、无创伤性的方法,对疗效的评价有重要的应用价值。     

经阴道超声在女性直肠癌诊断中的应用

目的：探讨经阴道超声诊断女性直肠癌的临床应用价值。方法：彩用ＡｌｏｋａＳＳＤ－６５０和ＳＳＤ－１２００型超声诊断仪,５ＭＨｚ凸阵端扫阴道探头和７．５ＭＨｚ双平面直肠探头经阴道超声检查诊断了６８例正常女性直肠,经阴道与经直肠超声检查了３７例女性直肠癌。结果：经阴道超声正常直肠超声解剖结构显示清晰,经阴道超声检查成功率（１００％）高于经直肠超声（９１．８９％）。其分期诊断准确率（８３．７８％）低于经直肠超声（９２．３％）,但二者间无显著性差异。经阴道与经直肠超声对直肠癌的定位诊断准确率均为１００％。结论：经阴道超声诊断女性直肠癌有很高的定位诊断与分期诊断准确率,检查成功率高且诊断范围广,弥补了经直肠超声的诊断局限性,对女性直肠癌术前诊断与术后随访均具有重要的临床应用价值。     

直肠肿瘤经双平面腔内超声诊断与手术病理的对照研究

目的探讨经直肠双平面腔内超声在直肠肿瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪经直肠双平面探头,对怀疑为直肠肿瘤的55例患者进行检查,判断其良恶性,在此基础上判断直肠癌浸润深度及有无肠周淋巴结转移,并将诊断结果与术后病理进行对比。结果 55例患者中,术后病理诊断为直肠癌45例,超声诊断恶性肿瘤为41例,诊断符合率为91%;应用经直肠双平面腔内超声判断直肠癌浸润肠壁深度准确率为75%。对直肠癌肠周淋巴结转移的判断,敏感性为68.4%,特异性为60%。结论经直肠双平面腔内超声对直肠肿瘤具有较高的诊断和鉴别诊断价值,对直肠癌浸润深度及肠周淋巴结转移判断的准确度亦较高。     

Modified sonourethrography assists urethral catheterization

Sonourethrography (SUG) is an infrequently used modality to observe the male urethra. We modified SUG to examine the reasons for difficulty in urethral catheterization and to determine a safe approach to resolve these problems. Following retrograde urethral jelly injection, modified SUG (mSUG) was performed in male patients with difficulty in urethral catheterization. mSUG was performed using transcutaneous ultrasonography in patients for whom the catheter became lodged in the penile urethra. In other patients, mSUG was performed using transrectal ultrasonography. We divided the causes of difficult indwelling urethral catheterization into physiological and pathological conditions. With regard to physiological conditions, the urethral catheter became stuck in the bulbous portion, membranous urethra, and prostatic urethra. mSUG distinguished the problematic part of the urethra in real time, and it assisted in overcoming the problem. With regard to pathological conditions, urethral stricture after trauma or surgery was clearly demonstrated in the penile and prostatic portions of the urethra. As with physiological conditions, mSUG images assisted in navigating the catheter through the problematic pathological areas or demonstrated the need to abandon the catheterization. mSUG can visualize the male urethra clearly during urethral catheterization and provide real-time assistance with the procedure.     

Transvaginal ultrasonography in the assessment of organic diseases of female urethra.

The current investigation aimed to check the effectiveness of transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of organic urethral diseases, comparing its results with those of conventional examinations (physical examination, voiding cystourethrography, pelvic ultrasonography, cystourethroscopy). Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed in 560 female patients with recurrent cystitis, dysuria, or palpable masses and diagnosed the following urethral diseases: 25 diverticula, seven stenoses, three carcinomas, two leiomyomas of periurethral tissue, and one incomplete duplex urethra. In our study transvaginal ultrasonography proved to be the most reliable diagnostic tool among imaging methods used.     

Transrectal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of urethral diverticula in women

The diagnosis of urethral diverticula in women can be difficult. Several imaging modalities have been described for evaluating this entity: urethrography; transabdominal, transrectal, transvaginal, and transperineal ultrasonography; computed tomography (CT); and magnetic resonance (MR) can be helpful in evaluating a diverticulum and its relationship to the urethra. We report on four women aged 36 to 42 years with urethral diverticula. Transrectal ultrasonography (TRU) was the most useful diagnostic test in our series. TRU showed 7 urethral diverticula and provided information about its shape, volume, and content as well as its spatial relationship about its shape, volume, and content as well as its spatial relationship to the urethra. In two cases, multiple diverticula were detected when only a single lesion was clinically suspected. Transabdominal sonography failed to demonstrate small diverticula. CT examination did not provide additional information except for the passage of the contrast from the urethra to the diverticulum in one of the cases. Voiding cystourethrogram was positive in only one patient. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

经直肠超声检测男性膀胱微小肿瘤

目的探讨经直肠超声检查对男性膀胱小肿瘤的临床应用价值.方法对22例男性血尿或有膀胱刺激征的患者,分别在膀胱充盈状态下行经腹超声扫查和膀胱少许充盈状态下经直肠超声扫查,对老年男性患者无法充盈膀胱者可直接选用经直肠超声扫查,并对比分析两种检查方法的优劣.结果膀胱充盈状态下经腹超声扫查提示,10例膀胱腔内未探及异常回声,4例膀胱壁毛糙不平,3例无法确诊;另5例无法行经腹超声检查,22例患者膀胱少许充盈状态下经直肠超声扫查提示,在膀胱颈部、三角区、尿道内口及侧壁上探及微小隆起物,扁平状隆起物及膀胱壁黏膜凹凸不平.结论采用经直肠超声检测膀胱壁早期病变优于经腹超声,且图像清晰、直观.     

创伤性尿道狭窄术后尿道超声研究:术后近期出现排尿困难的超声检测

目的 研究引起尿道狭窄术后不久出现排尿困难的尿道形态学改变,为临床及时采取对策提供依据。方法 全尿道超声显像技术检测２８个病例。检测时间术后１周内有１２例,２￣４周１５例,第１０周１例。结果 ２８例中２７例能找到尿道吻合口病理形态改变,表现为狭窄１６例,其中狭窄位于后尿道１４例,球部２例;瓣状物３例,均位于膜部;假道８例,７例位于前列腺部,另１例在球部。结论 超声对明确术后近期出现排尿困难的病因有     

Correlation between ultrasound and anatomical findings in fetuses with lower urinary tract obstruction in the first half of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: The prognosis of fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) depends upon renal function and also upon the underlying etiology. Precise identification of the latter remains a challenge antenatally. Our objective was to examine the underlying pathology in male fetuses with sonographic evidence of severe and isolated LUTO. METHODS: Detailed postmortem examination was carried out after termination of pregnancy in 24 male fetuses presenting before 25 weeks of gestation with ultrasound evidence of isolated severe LUTO. RESULTS: All fetuses had megacystis and hyperechogenic kidneys. There was anhydramnios/oligohydramnios and pelvicalyceal dilatation in 20 and 15 cases, respectively. Posterior urethral valves (PUV) were suspected antenatally in 20 cases and urethral atresia was not suspected antenatally. However, postmortem examination of the urethra demonstrated atresia in six cases, severe stenosis in eight cases, PUV in nine cases and an apparently normal urethra in one case. Renal dysplasia was found in all cases but one. Urethral atresia was the most common urethral anomaly at 12-17 weeks. Hydronephrosis was more frequent in cases with PUV (8/9) and urethral stenosis (6/8) than with urethral atresia (0/6). In LUTO presenting in the first and second trimester, hyperechogenic kidneys were predictive of renal dysplasia in 95% of cases. The association of a sagittal diameter of the bladder of at least 40 mm with hydronephrosis before 28 weeks was predictive of PUV with a positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value of 44.4% and 66.6%, respectively. Absence of hydronephrosis and a sagittal diameter of the bladder of less than 40 mm were predictive of urethral atresia or stenosis with a PPV and NPV of 100% and 47.6%, respectively. The absence of hydronephrosis was predictive of urethral atresia with a PPV and NPV of 66.6% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: LUTO in a male fetus presenting with megacystis in the first or second trimester of pregnancy is as likely to reflect urethral atresia or stenosis as it is PUV. The size of the bladder and the presence of hydronephrosis should be considered in order to improve prenatal diagnosis and counseling.     

筋膜扩张器治疗男性尿道狭窄的临床疗效

[目的]探讨筋膜扩张器治疗男性尿道狭窄的效果.[方法]应用筋膜扩张器对27例尿道狭窄患者行尿道狭窄扩张术.患者均在输尿管镜直视下直接留置斑马导丝穿过狭窄孔并在其引导下循序用8F至16F筋膜扩张器扩张狭窄尿道.[结果]27例手术均成功.术后无尿道穿孔、撕裂、假道形成.随访6～24个月,均排尿良好,最大尿流率由治疗前2.20～9.00(5.60±3.40)mL/s上升至18.20～33.60(25.40±8.20)mL/s,B超测定膀胱无残余尿.[结论]利用筋膜扩张器行尿道狭窄治疗是简单、易行、安全,有效的新方法,值得在临床治疗中应用.     

输尿管镜在急性闭合性尿道损伤中的应用(附21例报告)

目的 探讨输尿管镜在急性闭合性尿道损伤中的应用价值.方法 对21例尿道损伤患者,先进行输尿管镜下尿道检查,3例前尿道完全断裂患者行开放吻合手术,另18例患者行镜下尿道会师术.结果 3例后尿道断裂而行镜下尿道会师术的患者出现后尿道狭窄,其余18例患者术后排尿通畅.结论 输尿管镜下尿道检查及治疗对于急性闭合性尿道损伤具有对伤情判断准确、创伤小及术后恢复快等优势,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.     

Sonography of fetal micturition.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the sonographic visualization of fetal micturition and its role in the diagnosis of posterior urethral valves and hypospadias. METHODS: This was a prospective study of 25 male fetuses (21 with bilateral pyelectasis, one whose bladder was being studied because of ureterocele and three with hypospadias), and five female fetuses (with bilateral pyelectasis). A midline sagittal scan of the fetal pelvis, perineum and external genitalia was obtained and observed continuously during fetal micturition. RESULTS: In 19 of the 21 male fetuses and the five female fetuses with bilateral pyelectasis micturition was normal, with visualization of urinary bladder contraction, slight fluid distention of the urethra and a urinary stream from the external urethral meatus. In three male fetuses, two with bilateral pyelectasis and the one with ureterocele, the posterior urethra was normal at rest and it ballooned out during micturition, diagnostic of posterior urethral valves. In the three male fetuses with hypospadias the ventral jet of the urinary stream was visualized. CONCLUSION: Fetal micturition can be visualized on sonography. It may be of value in the diagnosis of posterior urethral valves and hypospadias.