经皮穿刺动脉导管闭合术的临床应用及并发症的处理

采用改进的Porstmann法对8例动脉导管未闭（PDA）患者实施经皮穿刺堵塞术。以彩色多普勒，球囊导管探测PDA大小，结合导管尺测量塞子并实施堵塞术。6例关闭成功，其血流动力学各参数均明显改善或恢复正常。随访2～4年无栓子移位或再分流发生。失败2例：1例未闭导管呈反漏斗型，塞子脱入肺动脉，经送至股静脉并切开取出；另1例系股动脉太细而不能送入选定的塞子。因此，严格选择适应证是手术成功的关键。     

经皮穿刺动脉导管闭合术的临床应用及并发症的处理

采用改进的Ｐｏｒｓｔｍａｎｎ法对８例动脉导管未闭（ＰＤＡ）患者实施经皮穿刺堵塞术。以彩色多普勒探测ＰＤＡ大小，结合导管尺测量塞子并实施堵塞术。６例关闭成功，其血液动力学各参数均明显改善或恢复正常。随访２～４年无栓子移位或再分流发生。失败２例：１例未闭导管呈反漏斗型，塞子脱入肺动脉，经送至股静脉并切开取出；另１例系股动脉太细而不能送入选定的塞子。因此，严格选择适应症的患者是非常重要的。     

经皮穿刺动脉导管堵塞术

动脉导管未闭 (PDA)约占先天性心脏病的 10 %～ 2 0 % ,其治疗以往依赖于外科手术。目前 ,介入治疗已成为治疗PDA的有效方法。其特点为创伤小、疗效高 ,并可部分替代外科手术。主要有以下几种方法。1　 Porstmann法先将 1根 3 m长的细软钢丝置心导管内从股动脉插入 ,逆行经降主动脉 ,穿过未闭的动脉导管进入右心 ,再通过下腔静脉由大隐静脉拉出 ,退出心导管 ,保留钢丝在体内 ,形成从动脉进、由静脉出的环形轨道 ,然后把预备好的泡沫塑料塞子穿入钢丝 ,由动脉端顶送至动脉导管部位 ,予以堵闭。该法闭塞率高、栓塞形成率低 ,但操作复杂 ,输…     

经皮动脉导管栓塞术治疗动脉导管未闭38例的体会

应用球囊导管和泡沫塞子对38例PDA患者行经皮动脉导管栓塞术,成功率为100％,且无严重的并发症发生。作者认为,术后充分抗凝,保持肢体血运畅通,维持酸减平衡,是防止术后并发症发生的重要环节。     

经皮穿刺动脉导管未闭填塞术

介入性治疗先天性心脏病是目前心导管检查的发展方向,近30年来,动脉导管未闭(PDA)的诊断和介入性治疗有了飞速的发展。1967年Porstma-nn首次应用Ivalon塞子非手术治疗PDA获得成功,创立了经皮穿刺动脉导管未闭填塞术,开辟了治疗先天性心脏病的崭新途径。此后,该技术在大龄儿童和成人PDA患者中广泛应用,成功率为68％～84％。1977年Rashkinol又研制出双伞装置,其优点是可以治疗各型PDA患者,选择PDA内径、大小、形态的范围较宽,从而弥补了Porstmaun方法仅能用于年长儿及成人的不足,总成功率为78％～84％。随后,日本的Sato、德国的Wierhy及我国的钱晋卿等相继报道了应用该技术的研究成果。至     

经皮心导管动脉导管未闭封堵术的麻醉处理

1998年 12月以来 ,我院实施小儿先天性心脏病 (CHD)动脉导管未闭 (PDA)经皮封堵术 4 6例。现报告如下。临床资料 :4 6例 PDA中 ,男 17例 ,女 2 9例 ;年龄 1岁 5个月～ 12岁 ;体重 7～ 2 8kg。术前均经心脏彩色多普勒检查和/或左心造影确诊为 PDA漏斗型或管型 ,PDA直径为 1.5～6 mm。手术分别穿刺股动、静脉 ,放置左右心导管 ,造影检查确定 PDA的形态及管径 ;经心导管放置及释放封堵装置 ,听诊和造影核实封堵情况。麻醉方法 :术前禁食 4～ 6 h,麻醉前 0 .5 h肌注阿托品或东莨菪碱 0 .0 1mg/ kg。入手术室后开放一条外周静脉 ,静注氯…     

经导管堵塞婴幼儿动脉导管未闭89例体会

目的探讨经导管堵塞婴儿动脉导管未闭的疗效。方法对８９例动脉导管未闭患儿采用了４种不同堵塞装置治疗。结果总成功率９８．８８％（８８／８９）,失败１例,严重并发症２例,术后２４小时内残余分流１９例（２１．３％）,经１个月～３．５年随访,微量残余分流７流（７．０８％）。结论经心导管堵婴幼儿动脉导未闭安全、有效、操作简单、适应证广,可作为治疗婴幼儿动脉导管未闭的首选方法。     

Novel use of the Amplatzer plug for closure of a patent ductus arteriosus.

We report the novel use of an Amplatzer vascular plug for closure of a large tubular patent ductus arteriosus in a small child.     

应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥8mm动脉导管未闭的疗效评价

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭 （PDA）并对其疗效进行评价。方法 :全组 5 0例 ,年龄 2 6 .4± 2 3.2 （4.0～ 6 0 .0 ）岁。 PDA最窄处直径为 10 .2± 2 .3（8.0～ 15 .0 ） mm。封堵 10 m in后行侧位降主动脉造影 ,术后 1d及 1月行超声心动图检查 ,观察有无残余分流及 PDA再通。结果 :47例 PDA采用Amplatzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,2例采用 Amplatzer ASD封堵器治疗 ,1例 PDA伴有阻力性肺动脉高压未行介入治疗。术后 10 min降主动脉造影显示 ,19例存在微～少量残余分流 ,30例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4h、术后 1月超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭是一种安全有效的介入方法。     

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus with Nit-Occlud coils.

The detachable coils have been successfully used for transcatheter occlusion of small- to moderate-sized patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). We report our experience regarding the use of the Nit-Occlud coils (NOCs) for transcatheter PDA and major aortopulmonary collateral (MAPCA) occlusion. Single NOCs were used to close PDA in 26 patients, and one small and two large MAPCAs in two patients. Mean age and weight of the patients were 7.7 +/- 5.4 years and 20.6 +/- 11.6 kg. Mean minimum duct diameter was 2.8 +/- 0.8 mm; ampulla, 8.7 +/- 2.4 mm; and PDA length, 9.3 +/- 4.4 mm. Mean pulmonary artery pressure ranged from 9 to 51 mm Hg and pulmonary/systemic flow ratio from 1.1 to 5.8. Ductal shape was conical in 24 patients. Route of approach was venous in 23 and arterial in 3. Successful coil implantation was achieved in 24/26 (92.3%). Mean procedure and fluoroscopy time were 67.2 +/- 22.1 and 14.9 +/- 6.5 min. The three MAPCAs were also successfully occluded using NOC Medium and Flex. Postimplantation angiograms revealed no leak in 3, a trace or small leak in 17, and a medium leak in 4 patients. Mean follow-up was 7 +/- 5 months. Complete occlusion was achieved in 17/24 (71%) at 24 hr, 19/24 (79%) by 1 month, 13/15 (87%) by 3 months, 14/15 (93%) by 6 months, and 10/11 (90%) by 12 months postprocedure. Hemolysis, late embolization, duct recanalization, and flow disturbances were not observed. Transcatheter occlusion of moderate-sized PDAs and MAPCAs using NOCs seems to offer a safe, simple, and controlled method in pediatric patients.     

Surgical management of patent ductus arteriosus

Surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus can be performed safely by following standard steps of operation. Familiarity of the anatomical landmarks and simple precautions result in high degree of safety. The technique of surgical ligation varies with the age of the patient. Surgical ligation of ductus is associated with well‐recognized complications, although they occur only in a small number of patients.     

An alternative angiographic view to unmask the hidden patent ductus arteriosus during device closure

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with various devices has been evaluated worldwide and in selected cases can be performed successfully, thus avoiding the morbidity associated with surgical closure. Traditionally, left lateral projection is adopted for angiographic visualization of the PDA. However, rarely due to anatomical variations of the ductus, it may be difficult to properly visualize and deploy device in above‐said traditional view. In such cases, right anterior oblique projection may be used for proper visualization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Echocardiographic predictors of coil vs device closure in patients undergoing percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure

Aim

To determine anatomic and hemodynamic echocardiographic predictors for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) device vs coil closure.

Methods

Seventy‐six patients who were referred for elective transcatheter PDA closure were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent full echocardiogram including measurement of the PDA pulmonary end diameter, color flow width and extent, peak and end‐diastolic Doppler gradients across the duct, diastolic flow reversal, left atrial dimensions and volume, left ventricular sphericity index, and volumes.

Results

The study group was subdivided into 2 subgroups based on the mode of PDA closure whether by coil (n = 42) or device (n = 34). Using univariate analysis there was a highly significant difference between the 2 groups as regard the pulmonary end diameter measured in both the suprasternal and parasternal short‐axis views as well as the color flow width and color flow extent (P < .0001). The device closure group had statistically significant higher end‐systolic and end‐diastolic volumes indexed, left atrial volume, and diastolic flow reversal. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a pulmonary end diameter cutoff point from the suprasternal view > 2.5 mm and from parasternal short‐axis view > 2.61 mm to have the highest balanced sensitivity and specificity to predict the likelihood for device closure (AUC 0.971 and 0.979 respectively). The pulmonary end diameter measured from the suprasternal view was the most independent predictor of device closure.

Conclusion

The selection between PDA coil or device closure can be done on the basis of multiple anatomic and hemodynamic echocardiographic variables.     

Percutaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus: opportunities moving forward

The optimal treatment method for infants with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) necessitating closure remains a subject of controversy and debate. While the risks associated with surgical PDA ligation are well described, the available evidence base for alternative management strategies during infancy, including percutaneous closure or conservative (nonintervention) management, are not well explored. Among infants, the goals of this review are to: (a) use rigorous systematic review methodology to assess the quality and quantity of published reports on percutaneous closure vs surgical ligation; (b) compare outcomes of percutaneous closure vs conservative management; and (c) based on recommendations from the International PDA symposium, to elucidate needs and opportunities for future research and interdisciplinary collaboration. The available evidence base, as well as on broad consensus reached at the International PDA Symposium, suggests that a contemporary, pragmatic clinical trial comparing PDA treatment strategies is warranted. Additionally, quality assurance safeguards are necessary in the implementation of newer PDA closure devices. Finally, to determine best approaches to treatment for infants with PDA, tools for consistent data collection and reporting across centers and disciplines are needed to minimize heterogeneity and permit pooled analysis.