前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌中的临床应用

目的 探讨术中前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node,SLN）定位和活检（SLNB）对预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结（axillary lymph node,ALN）转移的准确性.方法 对48例乳腺癌患者术前10min用亚甲蓝注射液4ml注射到肿瘤周围或活检腔的正常乳腺组织,进行SLN定位和活检,然后行乳腺癌改良根治术.结果 SLNB的检出成功率为95.8%,准确率为97.8%,假阴性率3.0%,假阳性率为0.结论 用亚甲蓝作SLN定位进行SLNB能准确预测乳腺癌ALN转移状态.     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检假阴性临床研究进展

<正>乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)指接受乳腺癌引流的第一枚(或组)淋巴结,SLN阴性的病人免除腋淋巴结清扫(axillary lymph node dissection,ALND)可以降低腋窝手术的并发症发生率,并不增加腋窝淋巴结复发的危险[1-3]。前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)假阴性是指SLN未发现肿瘤累及而腋窝淋巴结却有转移灶的情况。Krag等[4]在NSABP B-32试验中对5379例乳     

美蓝-核素联合法在乳腺癌患者前哨淋巴结活检中的应用

目的探讨美蓝一核素联合法在乳腺癌患者前哨淋巴结活检（sentinel lymph node biopsy SLNB）中的临床价值。方法以38例体检无腋窝淋巴结转移的乳腺癌患者为研究对象,在乳晕区注射99mTc标记的硫胶体,采用．y计数器探测仪结合美蓝染色法检测识别前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node SLN）,先行SLNB,随后行乳腺癌改良根治术。结果38例中2例未见淋巴结及淋巴管蓝染,总计共找到腋窝淋巴结507个,阳性18例131个,阴性20例376个：SLN共71个,阳性17例47个,阴性2l例24个。SLN的检出率94．6％,准确性94．4％,特异性100％。敏感性94．4％,假阴性率5．6％,假阳性率0。结论应用美蓝一核素联合法前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌治疗中可以取得较高的检出率和准确性．可用于确定是否行腋窝淋巴结清扫术。     

前哨淋巴结快速活检在乳腺癌根治术中的意义

目的：探讨乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymph node biopsy，SLNB)的可行性和准确性，及其在乳腺癌手术中的临床应用价值。方法：对32例乳腺癌病人行SLNB，术中在肿瘤周边选二点注射1％美蓝5ml，根据肿块距腋窝的距离，5～10min后沿腋窝下皱折线切开，循蓝染淋巴管寻找前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymp hnode，SLN)。其中27例切除SLN后行腋窝淋巴结解剖(axillry lymph node dissection，ALND)，两标本同时送病理检查，了解其符合率，并评价SLNB的可行性。结果:全组均进行了SLNB识别定位，1例未取到SLN，检出率为96．9％；另一例SLN病理呈假阴性。按目前国外SLNB的评价标准，本组SLNB的敏感度为88．2％，准确性为96．9％，假阳性率为0，假阴性率为5．9％。结论:乳腺癌SLNB目前仍处于研究阶段，随着研究的深入与扩大，将成为早期乳腺癌的诊疗常规，阴性可避免ALND的痛苦。     

美蓝染色法检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的临床研究

目的 寻找检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)方法，研究前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)预测腋窝淋巴结状况的准确性。方法 对40例乳腺癌患者行美蓝染色法检测SLN，并行腋窝淋巴结清扫术(ALND)后，将腋窝淋巴结转移状况与SLN进行对比分析，分析SLN检出率及临床特征。结果 40例患者中成功检测出SLN35例，成功率为87．5％。检出SLN60个，平均每例检出SLNl．7个。2例出现假阴性，假阴性率为10.5％，无假阳性。35例患者中有16例SLN阳性，阳性率为45.7％。SLNB预测腋窝淋巴结(ALN)的敏感性为88．8％，特异性为100％，准确性为94．4％。结论 美蓝染色法检测乳腺癌SLN经济实用，可以较准确地预测腋窝淋巴结的转移状况。     

前哨淋巴结活检的最新进展

近年来,一系列大样本、前瞻性的乳腺癌临床研究证实前哨淋巴结活检术（sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB）可以安全、准确地提供腋窝淋巴结分期,且乳腺癌前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node,SLN）阴性患者SLNB替代腋窝淋巴结清扫术（axillary lymph node dissection, ALND）后,     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结术中诊断研究进展

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)能准确反映患者腋窝淋巴结的状况,前哨淋巴结活检术(sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)替代腋淋巴结清扫术已成为临床腋淋巴结阴性早期乳腺癌患者的标准处理模式.通过对SLN进行快速、准确的术中诊断,SLN阳性的患者可以避免二次手术、减少精神创伤、降低医疗费用.     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的实践与体会

目的评价乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)的可行性,并分析影响该技术成功率的相关因素。方法术前于肿瘤周围皮内分别注射放射性胶体和蓝色染料两种前哨淋巴结示踪剂,术前先行淋巴闪烁扫描,术中应用γ计数探测仪检测,并结合淋巴结蓝染情况定位SLN,切除SLN后再行腋窝淋巴结清扫(axillary lymph node dissection,ALND),两标本均行组织学检查。结果全组116例乳腺癌SLNB的检出率98.3%,该技术的灵敏度93.6%,准确性97.4%,假阴性6.4%。结论乳腺癌SLNB是一种简便、安全的检测技术,可用于了解腋窝淋巴结的状况,有望在早期乳腺癌中取代常规的ALND。     

纳米炭混悬液在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的应用分析

目的研究纳米炭混悬液(卡纳琳)在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院乳腺外科收治的124例乳腺癌患者的临床资料,将其中100例乳腺癌患者随机分成2组,实验组50例,以纳米炭混悬液作为示踪剂;对照组50例,以放射性核素联合美蓝作为示踪剂。全部患者SLNB后常规行腋窝淋巴结清扫术(axillary lymph node dissection,ALND)。术后检验其检出率、准确率、灵敏度、假阴性率。另24例患者以纳米炭混悬液示踪行SLNB后,如前哨淋巴结(SLN)阳性,则继续行ALND;如SLN阴性,则"保腋窝"。根据患者选择术式的不同对比其手术效果及预后。结果实验组与对照组患者前哨淋巴结检出率、准确率、灵敏度、假阴性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论纳米炭混悬液示踪SLNB可准确预测早期乳腺癌患者的淋巴结状态,较行ALND患者有更少的并发症。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结检测的临床研究

目的通过前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)活检,了解前哨淋巴结是否能反映乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移情况,从而决定是否行腋窝淋巴结清扫(axillary lymph node dissection,ALND). 方法 47例T1、T2、T3临床检查腋窝淋巴结无肿大的乳腺癌患者,术前30 min于乳腺肿块周围腺体注射蓝色染料,术中取蓝染的SLN病理检查,术后将病理检查结果与腋窝淋巴结转移情况进行比较分析. 结果 47例中5例未见淋巴结及淋巴管蓝染,其余42例找到腋窝淋巴结608个,阳性18例168个,阴性24例440个;SLN共78个,阳性16例29个,阴性26例49个.SLN的检出率89.4%,准确性95.2% ,特异性100%,敏感性88.9%,假阴性率11.1%,假阳性率0. 结论 SLN活检反应腋窝淋巴结的肿瘤转移状况,可以用于术中确定是否行ALND.     

Sentinel lymph node micrometastasis as a predictor of axillary tumor burden

The sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) procedure is an alternative method for assessing the axillary lymph node (ALN) status in patients with breast cancer. The SLNB carries the risk of a false-negative result, with patients harboring positive ALNs in the face of a negative SLNB examination. In addition, the significance of a SLNB with cells identified only with keratin or with deposits less than 0.2 mm remains unresolved. We analyzed our SLNB data over the past 5 years in order to determine the relationship between SLN tumor burden and ALN tumor burden. Pathology files for the past 5 years at Magee-Womens Hospital were searched for all SLNB cases that had an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Each SLNB case was reviewed and tabulated for breast tumor size, SLN tumor size, and largest tumor size in the ALND. Correlation and frequency distribution were performed for the status of all SLNs and ALNDs. Patterns of lymph node metastasis were recorded and the sizes of the SLN metastases were reported according to the recent Philadelphia Consensus Conference on Sentinel Lymph Nodes and the revised American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging. SLN metastases were classified as immunohistochemistry (IHC) positive if only single keratin-positive cells or clusters were present and were not observed with standard tissue stains, as submicrometastatic (SMM) if tumors were less than 0.2 mm (excluding IHC positive), as micrometastatic if tumors were larger than 0.2 mm but 相似文献   

乳晕下亚甲蓝法乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检术169例应用报告

目的探讨乳晕下注射亚甲蓝示踪法进行前哨淋巴结活检术(sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)在乳腺癌治疗中的意义。方法 2005年1月～2010年3月,对169例(年龄33～70岁,中位年龄45岁)临床腋窝淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌术中乳晕下注射亚甲蓝2 ml行SLNB。SLN病理为阴性的患者,SLNB替代腋窝淋巴结清扫术。结果 163例(96.4%)成功实施SLNB,6例(3.6%)术中未能发现SLN,立即改行腋窝淋巴结清扫术(axillary lymph node dissection,ALND)。行SLNB的163例中,23例术中冰冻报告SLN癌转移,即行ALND;140例冰冻切片检查SLN未见癌转移。6例术后HE染色检查发现SLN存在1枚微转移淋巴结,5例接受ALND,1例拒绝行腋窝淋巴结清扫。135例SLNB代替ALND者中位随访时间16个月(3～62个月),均未发现腋窝淋巴结转移。结论亚甲蓝法SLNB安全、有效、简便易行,SLNB阴性的患者,可以替代ALND。     

γ探测仪在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结定位活检中的应用

目的:探讨γ探测仪在临床腋窝淋巴结阴性乳腺癌前哨淋巴结定位活检术(SLNB)中的临床应用价值.方法:利用99m锝-右旋糖酐(99mTc-DX)作为前哨淋巴结(SLN)示踪剂,应用γ探测仪定位对29例临床腋窝淋巴结阴性乳腺癌病人实施SLNB,随后进行常规腋窝淋巴清扫术,分析SLNB对腋窝淋巴结转移状态的预测价值.结果:本组SLN转移率为41.67%,非SLN转移率仅为22.54%,两者有明显差异(P＜0.001).在19例常规病理SLN阴性病人中,连续切片发现2例SLN微转移.在12例SLN癌转移中,5例(41.66%)SLN为惟一的转移部位.有1例SLN阴性病人"跳跃转移".本组SLN的敏感性为92.31%,特异性为94.12%,假阴性为7.69%,准确率达96.55%.结论:SLN能准确反映早期乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移状态,连续切片能提高SLNB的准确性.     

L选择素在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的趋向性表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨L选择素(L-selectin)在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)中的表达,分析乳腺癌SLN状况与L选择素表达的关系。方法:选择T1-2N0M0乳腺癌患者68例,以亚甲蓝为示踪剂先行前哨淋巴结活检术(SLNB),应用免疫组织化学法检测本组68例乳腺癌SLN,乳腺癌原发灶,癌旁乳腺组织以及20例III级不典型增生乳腺组织中L选择素的表达。结果:68例乳腺癌患者中SLN检出成功62例,检出率为91.17%(62/68),其中假阴性3例(3/32)。阳性SLN中L选择素阳性表达率明显高于乳腺癌组织、癌旁组织(均P<0.05)。SLN阳性患者其原发灶L选择素阳性表达率明显高于SLN阴性患者(P<0.05)。SLN及非前哨淋巴结(NSLN)均阳性患者其原发灶L选择素阳性表达率明显高于SLN及NSLN均阴性患者(P<0.001)。结论:L选择素在阳性SLN转移癌中表达增高,提示L选择素在乳腺癌细胞的淋巴结趋向性中起重要作用;SLN状态与L选择素阳性表达有密切关系,两者相结合分析可以更全面地反映乳腺癌转移规律及腋淋巴结状态。     

Clinicopathologic analysis of sentinel lymph node mapping in early breast cancer

Axillary nodal status is the most significant prognosticator for predicting survival and guiding adjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) represents a minimally invasive procedure with low morbidity for staging axillary nodal status. In this article we review and report our experiences in patients with early breast cancer who underwent SLNB at the Revlon/UCLA Breast Center. Between September 1998 and May 2000, a total 83 SLNBs were performed in 81 patients with proven breast cancer and negative axillary examination who elected to have SLNB as the first step of nodal staging. Two patients had bilateral breast cancer. SLNB was localized by using both 99Tc sulfur colloid (83 cases) and isosulfan blue dye (75 cases). Data of these patients were prospectively collected and analyzed. The clinical and pathologic characteristics of women with positive and negative sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were compared to identify features predictive of SLN metastasis. Of the 83 cases, the SLN was successfully localized in 82 (98.8%). Sixty-three percent of patients had SLNs found in level I only, 18.3% in both level I and II, and 4.9% in level II alone. The vast majority (84.3%) of these cases had T1 breast cancer with an average size of 1.55 cm for the entire series. Twenty-three patients (28%) had positive SLNs, with an average of 1.5 positive SLNs per patient. Fifteen had metastases detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining and 8 had micrometastases detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using anticytokeratin antibodies. Ten of the former group agreed to and 2 of the latter group opted for full axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). An average of 17.5 lymph nodes were removed from each ALND procedure. Additional metastases or micrometastases were found in seven patients (in a total of 28 lymph nodes). Three patients with completely negative SLNs experienced additional axillary lymph node removal due to their election of free flap reconstruction. None had metastases detected in these lymph nodes. The absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER/PR) by IHC (p = 0.036) and the presence of lymphatic/vascular invasion (LVI) (p = 0.002) predicted positive SLNs in patients with early breast cancer in a univariate analysis; in a multivariate analysis only LVI was predictive (p = 0.0125). Histologic type, nuclear grade, tumor differentiation, HER-2/neu and p53 status, S-phase fraction, and DNA ploidy did not predict SLN status. Immediate postoperative complications were uncommon and delayed complications completely absent. Because of the high detection rate, accurate staging, and minimal morbidity, SLNB should be offered as a choice to women with small breast cancers and clinically negative nodes. Because positive LVI and negative ER/PR status are highly predictive of pathologically positive SLNs in small breast cancers, women whose cancers meet these criteria should be advised preoperatively about their risk of having a positive SLN and may benefit from intraoperative assessment (frozen section and/or touch preparation) of their SLNs.     

Predictors to Assess Non‐Sentinel Lymph Node Status in Breast Cancer Patients with Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis

Abstract: The next step of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer is to determine which patients need axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) following a positive SLNB. A prospective database of 239 patients who underwent SLNB followed by complete ALND at Keio University Hospital from January 2001 to June 2005 was reviewed. A total of 131 patients with one or more positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were further analyzed. A univariate analysis showed a significant correlation between non‐SLN involvement and lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, number of tumor‐involved SLNs, radioactivity of SLNs, and size of SLN metastasis (p = 0.0002, p = 0.004, p = 0.006, p = 0.04, p = 0.03, respectively). By multivariate analysis, lymphatic invasion and the number of tumor‐involved SLNs remained significant predictors of non‐SLN involvement. In breast cancer patients with a positive SLN, lymphatic invasion and the number of tumor‐involved SLNs were both independent predictors of non‐SLN involvement.     

Meta-analysis of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a minimally invasive way to diagnose axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases in breast cancer. The most important features are ability to identify the SLN (I.D. rate), how often the SLN and ALN pathology match (concordance), and how often the SLN is negative for cancer when the ALNs are positive (false negative). Technique and patient criteria for SLNB vary among studies. This study performed meta-analysis of published studies to determine the I.D., concordance, and false negative rate (1) overall and for (2) both blue dye and radiocolloid, (3) the injection method, (3) palpable and nonpalpable ALNs, and (4) invasive and in situ disease. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were patients with breast cancer who had SLNB followed by ALN dissection with H&E staining. Meta-analysis was performed using analysis of variance with each observation weighted inversely to its variance. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Eleven studies (n = 912) met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 762 (84%) SLNs were identified, concordance was 747/762 (98%), and 15/296 (5%) were falsely negative. Highest I.D. rates (P < 0.05) were reported with albumin radiocolloid or dye + radiocolloid (97 and 94%, respectively), with injection around an intact tumor (96%), with invasive cancer (95%), and in the clinically negative axilla (96%). Concordance and false negative rates did not vary. CONCLUSIONS: The SLN can be identified in over 97% of patients if certain techniques and inclusion criteria are used. SLNB reflects the status of the axilla in 97% of cases and has a 5% false negative rate.     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检替代腋窝清扫术前瞻性非随机对照临床研究

目的：探讨前哨淋巴结活检术（sentinel lymph node biopsy，SLNB）替代腋淋巴结切除术（axiHary lymph node dissection．ALND）的可行性。方法：联合应用亚甲蓝和^99mTc标记的硫胶体进行SLNB。2001年12月起山东省肿瘤医院乳腺病中心两个治疗组收治的临床T1.2N0M0乳腺癌病人进入本前瞻性非随机对照临床研究。A组病人SLNB后均行ALND。B组病人签署知情同意书，不同意SLNB替代ALND病人（B1组）治疗同A组；同意SLNB替代ALND病人（B2组）依据SLN状况，SLN阴性仅行SLNB，SLN阳性行ALND。结果：2001年12月-2005年6月共入组642例病人，其中A组114例（17．8％），B组528例（82.2％），B1组195例，B2组333例。B2组病人SLN阴性240例仅行SLNB；SLN阳性93例，其中87例接受ALND，另6例SLN镜下微小转移灶者中4例仅行SLNB，2例接受SLNB加区域淋巴结放疗。SLNB替代ALND者各项术后并发症显著低于ALND者（均P〈0．05）。B2组244例仅行SLNB病人中位随访26个月（7-48个月），2例病人发现区域淋巴结复发（0．82％），与ALND腋淋巴结阴性组病人（0％）相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。SLN术中冰冻快速病理诊断准确率98．5％，假阴性率5．4％。结论：SLNB可以缩小手术范围、减少病人术后并发症。SLN术中冰冻快速病理诊断具有较高的准确性，能够满足临床需要。     

前哨淋巴结阳性乳腺癌非前哨淋巴结转移的情况分析

目的探讨前哨淋巴结（SLN）阳性乳腺癌患者的临床病理特征与非前哨淋巴结（NSLN）转移的关系。 方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2016年1月中山大学附属第一医院500例行前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）的临床分期为T_1-2N₀M₀期乳腺癌患者资料,其中病理检查确诊SLN阳性、随后行腋窝淋巴结清扫（ALND）的乳腺癌患者共89例,总结其临床、病理因素的特征及其对腋窝NSLN转移的影响因素进行单因素及多因素Logistic分析。 结果SLN阳性率为17.8%（89/500）,49.4%（44/89）出现NSLN转移。单因素分析显示,NSLN转移与原发肿瘤分期、脉管浸润、SLN阳性数、SLN阳性率相关（χ²=4.062、36.084、7.003、10.889,P=0.044、<0.001、0.030、0.004）。进一步多因素Logistic回归分析显示,脉管浸润、SLN阳性率是NSLN转移的独立预测因子（OR=46.142,95%CI：11.821~258.472,P<0.000 1;OR=10.482,95%CI：2.564~51.312,P=0.002）。 结论SLN阳性的乳腺癌患者,其原发肿瘤分期、肿瘤是否多发、脉管浸润、SLN阳性数、SLN转移率与腋窝NSLN转移相关。其中,脉管浸润及SLN阳性率≥0.5是SLN阳性乳腺癌患者腋窝NSLN转移的独立预测因子。