磁处理水对小鼠生物效应的实验研究

目的：研究磁处理水对机体的生物效应。方法：应用物理和生化的方法研究磁处理水对机体自由基代谢、高胆固醇血症、免疫功能及抗电离辐射诱变作用的影响。实验动物随机分为饮用磁处理水的实验组和饮用自来水的对照组，分别测试两组抗氧化酶的活力、过氧化脂质水平、免疫功能、血液流变学指标、血脂含量及骨髓多染性红细胞微核率等。统计学处理均采用ｔ检验。结果：与对照组比较，实验组抗氧化酶的活力显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５），血液粘度和血脂含量明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），免疫功能显著增强，微核率降低极为明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：磁处理水对机体的抗衰老，减少患脑血栓和心脏病的可能性，以及增强机体的免疫功能和抗电离辐射的诱变作用具有积极意义     

磁处理液体对机体生物效应的研究近况

近年来许多学者发现经磁处理的不同液体 ,包括水、酒精、血液及生理盐水等可以在生物体内引起一系列的生物效应 ,现将近 10年国内有关这方面的文献综述如下。1　对脂类代谢和糖代谢的影响1 1　脂类代谢的影响[1～ 8] 　潘文干等[1] 发现饮用磁处理酒后 ,血清胆固醇 (TC)和甘油三脂 (TG)水平降低 ,而高密度脂蛋白各亚群 ,HDL2 ch、HDL3 ch显著升高 ,中分子物质(MMS)、脂质过氧化物中的共轭双烯明显降低 ;赵大源等[2 ]报道 ,饮用磁处理水的小白鼠血清总TC、TG明显低于饮用自来水的小鼠 ,但对高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL ch)无明显影响 …     

磁场及磁处理水对小鼠自由基代谢的影响

采用随机区组设计，研究了旋磁场、恒磁场、磁处理水对小鼠自由基代谢的影响。结果表明：本实验条件下，旋磁场（０．０８Ｔ）、恒磁场（０．０２～０．０３Ｔ）和磁处理水（０．０３Ｔ，处理１２ｈ）都能增强小鼠红细胞ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨＰｘ的活性，降低血浆ＬＰＯ含量；对红细胞ＧＳＨ含量均无明显影响；对血浆ＶｉｔＥ含量的影响，仅旋磁场作用显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），恒磁场和磁处理水作用不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。尚发现，成年小鼠自由基代谢受性别、体重影响较小。     

磁处理水抗人红细胞氧化损伤的作用的研究

应用人红细胞溶血实验，扫描电镜形态学观察，以及化学发光法检测羟自由基的产生，证实了磁处理水具有一定的抗氧化作用，此作用可维持１－２小时，且认为引作用与磁处理水中铁离子的改变有关。以上结果可用于解释磁处理水众多的生物医学效应，具有十分重要的意义。     

磁处理水抗人红细胞氧化损伤作用的研究

应用人红细胞溶血实验，扫描电镜形态学观察，以及化学发光法检测羟自由基的产生，证实了磁处理水具有一定的抗氧化作用，此作用可维持１～２小时，且认为此作用与磁处理后水中铁离子的改变有关．以上结果可用于解释磁处理水众多的生物医学效应，具有十分重要的意义．     

磁处理食用油对小鼠脂类代谢的影响

目前国内外已有不少关于磁处理水预防疾病和对血脂影响的报道,但尚未见有关磁处理食用油对脂类代谢影响的报道。本文通过测定血清总脂、磷脂、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-Ch、高密度脂蛋白_2胆固醇(HDL_2-Ch)、高密度脂蛋白_3胆固醇(HDL_3-Ch)和心脏主动脉、骨骼肌、睾丸、肝脏、肾脏、脑等6种组织胆固醇含量。分析探讨了菜油、向日葵和豆油经磁场处理后分别对小鼠脂类代谢的影响。     

磁处理水与藻酸双脂钠对高脂血症大鼠的影响

目的 探讨磁处理水（简称磁水）与藻酸双脂钠（ＰＳＳ）治疗高脂血症（ＨＬＰ）是否有协同效应,为治疗高脂血症的供新途径。方法 采用高胆固醇饲料饲养大鼠,造成ＨＬＰ模型。用酶法测量大鼠血清胆固醇（ＴＣ）,甘油三酯（ＴＧ）,高密度脂蛋白－胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）,低密度脂蛋白－胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）并对大鼠血液流变学指标进行检测。结果 磁水组和ＰＳＳ组大鼠血清ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、全血低切（２０ｓ＾－１）与高切（８０ｓ6-1)比粘度ηｂ,全血还原粘度ηｒ都显著降低（与高脂对照组比较Ｐ〈０．０５或０．０１）。此外,ＰＳＳ还具有增高ＨＤＬ－Ｃ及ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ,降低血浆比粘度的作用（Ｐ〈０．０５）,而磁水虽有此作用,但无统计学意义。磁水＋ＰＳＳ组与磁水组和ＰＳＳ组比较血清ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ηＢ、显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）,此外,ＨＤＬ－Ｃ     

血磁疗对脑血管病人血液流变学及血脂的影响

目的　通过对脑血管病人进行血液磁极化治疗,观察对治疗前后血液流变学及血脂各项指标的影响。方法　运用血液磁极化疗法共治疗了4 2例脑血管病人,将治疗前后血液流变学及血脂的各项指标进行统计学处理。结果　治疗前后血液流变学及血脂各项指标中的全血粘度(高切、中切、低切)、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、全血还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数、红细胞计数、红细胞电泳时间、胆固醇、血浆甘油三酯均有统计学意义(P <0 .0 1)。结论　血液磁极化疗法能够明显地改善血脂和血液流变学的多项指标。     

血液在磁场环境下保存对红细胞保护作用的研究

血液在 4℃保存期间 ,红细胞的三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量及细胞膜结构与功能将发生一系列变化 [1 ,2 ] ,这些变化与血液贮存期间氧化物质对红细胞的氧化损伤有关[3] 。磁处理水具有一定的抗氧化作用 [4 ] ,笔者探索用磁场处理血液的方法来减少血液保存期间红细胞的损伤 ,以提高血液的质量和延长血液的保存期限。材料与方法1　仪器　 FG-3 0 0型发光光度计 (中科院上海植物生理研究所 ) :72 1型分光光度计 (上海分析仪器三厂 ) :H型强场磁化杯 (天津市天磁公司 )。2　试剂　ATP生物发光测定试剂盒 (中科院上海植物生理研究所 ,批号 990 80 2 )…     

磁处理水对大鼠血清胰岛素水平的影响

磁处理水对大鼠血清胰岛素水平的影响梁路光，赵大源，付妍，张春伟饮用磁处理水可降低血液粘度和血脂，防治动脉粥样硬化，提高机体免疫功能，抑制肿瘤和肾结石的发生发展，治疗腹泻和胃病等．但对糖尿病有无作用尚未见报道，为此我们进行了下述实验。材料和方法选用健康...     

不同时间输注红细胞悬液对大鼠失血性休克复苏的影响

目的探讨红细胞悬液延迟输注30 min对大鼠失血性休克复苏的影响。方法 24只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术(SHAM)、RBC 1和RBC 2组(n=8),RBC 1和RBC 2组制备重度失血性休克大鼠模型,先后采用晶胶复合液和红细胞悬液复苏,RBC 2组红细胞悬液延迟输注30 min;监测生理、血气等指标。结果与RBC1组相比,RBC 2组平均动脉压(MAP)和体温恢复延迟,RBC 1组复苏结束后2组MAP分别为(116.99±11.06)和(73.72±14.34)mm Hg(P0.01);RBC 1组复苏结束后30 min,2组MAP分别为(103.07±9.59)和(120.61±10.73)mmHg(P0.01)。RBC 1组复苏结束后120 min RBC 1组体温(37.28±0.80)℃明显低于RBC 2组(38.83±0.58)℃(P0.01)。与SHAM组相比,RBC 1和RBC 2组休克后pH、PCO2、BE和ctHb明显降低,PO2明显升高;复苏后PCO23 h,RBC 1和RBC 2组碱剩余(BE)值明显低于SHAM组。结论在失血性休克液体复苏的基础上,红细胞悬液延迟输注30 min对失血性休克大鼠模型的生理、血气等指标无明显影响。提示紧急救治中输血准备工作耗时可能不影响失血性休克的复苏效果。     

快速去除冰冻红细胞甘油的方法改进研究

目的 建立冰冻红细胞快速去甘油的方法。方法 采用三步法快速去除冰冻红细胞中的甘油。通过控制制备时盐水的浓度、作用时间及离心次数,用高浓度盐水大量稀释冰冻红细胞后,离心去除盐水,加入相应体积的生理盐水重悬,来达到快速去除甘油的目的。分别对比了常规法和改良法制备的冰冻解冻去甘油红细胞的血红蛋白含量、游离血红蛋白含量、甘油残留量、白细胞残留量及血细胞比容5个方面的指标。结果 传统去甘油的方法大约需要1 h,三步法去甘油大约需要15 min,极大地缩短了时间,提高了效率。对去甘油红细胞进行相关检测,甘油残留量和白细胞残留量符合《全血与成分血质量要求(2012版)》的规定,血红蛋白含量略低于规定。结论 快速解冰冻去甘油方法具有时间短、效率高的优点,但仍需进一步改进和优化以使产品质量全面达到国家标准。     

降压合剂对胰岛素抵抗高血压大鼠作用效应及机制的实验研究

目的观察降压合剂对胰岛素抵抗高血压大鼠的作用效应,探讨其作用机制。方法雄性SD大鼠饲以高糖高盐饲料制模,然后分组给予不同药物灌胃,观察各组大鼠体重、收缩压(SBP)、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹血胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)、红细胞Na     

Effect of hypophysectomy and growth hormone substitution on red blood cell morphology and filterability in rats

Growth factors, including insulin, are known to stimulate erythroid cell formation in vitro. This somatotrophic effect of insulin might be involved in blood abnormalities in diabetes mellitus. We therefore investigated whether growth hormone (GH) affects the morphology or filterability of circulating red blood cells (RBCs) in hypophysectomized rats. After hypophysectomy, rats became anemic with a decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, RBC count, and reticulocytes. The RBC membrane area was enlarged, giving an increased area-to-volume ratio compared with the control RBCs. The calculated minimum cylindrical diameter (MCD) and resistance to initial folding of the RBC decreased after hypophysectomy, and was confirmed by an enhanced filtration of RBCs through 3 microns Nucleopore membranes. The number of filter clogging particles was also lower in hypophysectomized rats than in control rats. Substitution for 21 days with bovine GH (via subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps) normalized RBC morphology and filterability. After withdrawal of GH, all parameters returned toward the presubstitutional levels. Neither cortisone nor thyroxine had any measurable effect on RBC morphology or deformability, indicating that GH deficiency contributes to the abnormal RBC morphology and rheology seen after hypophysectomy.     

Does early infusion of red blood cells after trauma and hemorrhage improve organ functions?

OBJECTIVE: Early management of trauma victims includes control of bleeding and rapid restoration of intravascular volume. However, it remains controversial whether infusion of blood products is superior to crystalloids alone. Therefore, it was the aim of the present study to determine whether resuscitation with red blood cells plus lactated Ringer's solution (RL) is more effective than RL alone in improving the cardiovascular and hepatocellular functions after trauma and severe hemorrhage. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Laboratory. SUBJECTS: Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS AND MEASUREMENTS: Male adult rats were anesthetized and underwent a laparotomy to induce tissue trauma before hemorrhage. The animals were then bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg until 40% of the maximal bleed-out (MB) volume was returned in the form of RL, and were then resuscitated with either four times the volume of MB with RL or washed red blood cells (RBC) (-45% the volume of MB) in three times the volume of RL over 60 mins. Various in vivo heart performance variables, cardiac output, and hepatocellular function (ie, the maximum velocity and the overall efficiency of indocyanine green clearance) were determined at 4 hrs after resuscitation. Hemoglobin, systemic oxygen delivery, circulating blood volume, and plasma levels of interleukin-6 were also measured. MAIN RESULTS: At 4 hrs after RL resuscitation, heart performance, cardiac output and hepatocellular function were significantly depressed and plasma levels of interleukin-6 were significantly increased. Although infusion of RBC significantly increased mean arterial pressure, hemoglobin, and oxygen delivery compared with animals resuscitated with RL only, infusion of RBC did not further improve the depressed cardiovascular and hepatocellular functions under such conditions. CONCLUSION: Because infusion of RBC and RL resuscitation do not improve organ functions compared with RL resuscitation without RBC, it appears that pharmacologic agents in addition to fluid resuscitation are needed to restore cardiovascular and hepatocellular functions after trauma and hemorrhage.     

Blood clearance and activity of erythrocyte-coupled fibrinolytics

Conjugating tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) to red blood cells (RBCs) endows it with features useful for thromboprophylaxis. However, the optimal intensity and duration of thromboprophylaxis vary among clinical settings. To assess how the intrinsic properties of a plasminogen activator (PA) affect functions of the corresponding RBC/PA conjugate, we coupled equal amounts of tPA or Retavase (rPA; a variant with an extended circulation time, lower fibrin affinity, and greater susceptibility to PA inhibitors). Conjugation to RBC markedly prolonged the circulation of each PA in rats and mice, without detrimental effects on carrier RBC. The initial blood clearance of RBC/tPA was faster than RBC/rPA, yet it exerted greater fibrinolytic activity, in part due to greater resistance of tPA and RBC/tPA to plasma inhibitors versus rPA and RBC/rPA observed in vitro. Soluble and RBC-coupled tPA and rPA exerted the same amidolytic activity, yet RBC/tPA lysed fibrin clots more effectively than RBC/rPA, notwithstanding comparable fibrinolytic activity of their soluble counterparts. Conjugation to RBC suppressed rPA's ability to be activated by fibrin, whereas the fibrin activation of RBC-coupled tPA was not hindered. Therefore, the functional profile of RBC/PA is influenced by: pharmacokinetic features provided by carrier RBC (e.g., prolonged circulation), intrinsic PA features (e.g., clearance rate, resistance to inhibitors), and changes imposed by conjugation to RBC (e.g., loss of cofactor stimulation). These factors, different from those guiding the design of soluble PA for lysis of existing clots, can be exploited in the rational design of RBC/PA tailored for specific prophylactic indications.     

低氧肺动脉高压大鼠对红细胞增多的适应

目的：研究低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠对实验性红细胞增多的适应。方法：健康SD大鼠28只,体重200～250g,随机分为4组：常氧对照组（N）、单纯低氧组（H）、低氧＋低剂量人重组促红细胞生成素（rEPO）600u／kg（H＋E1）组、低氧＋高剂量rEPO 1200u／kg（H＋E2）组,每组7只大鼠。除常氧对照组外各低氧组大鼠均缺氧21d,每日8h。其中后两组每周腹部皮下注射不同剂量的rEPO三次。取血样测定红细胞数、全血粘度及红细胞变形指数;颈外静脉插管测定平均肺动脉压力;光镜观察反映肺动脉重构程度的形态学参数肺小动脉管壁厚度百分比、肺非肌性小动脉肌化程度。结果：①随着rEPO注射剂量的增加,红细胞、全血粘度有不同程度的增高;②全血粘度增高的同时红细胞变形指数也相应地增加;③随着rEPO剂量的增加,平均肺动脉压力逐渐增高,但是肺血管重构程度反而有所缓解。结论：实验性红细胞增多通过改变红细胞变形性和缓解肺血管重构程度来阻遏低氧性肺动脉高压的进一步发展。     

Resistance of the female, as opposed to the male, intestine to I/R-mediated injury is associated with increased resistance to gut-induced distant organ injury

We tested the hypothesis that the female intestine is more resistant to gut I/R injury than the male intestine by comparing the effects of the isolated pure gut I/R superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) model on gut morphology and whether SMAO-induced distant organ injury (lung, bone marrow [BM], neutrophils, and red blood cells [RBCs]) would differ between male and proestrus female rats. At 6 or 24 h after SMAO or sham SMAO, gut injury, lung permeability, pulmonary neutrophil sequestration, RBC deformability, and BM RBC and white blood cell progenitor growth were measured, as was the ability of the plasma from these rats to activate naive rat neutrophils. At both 6 and 24 h after SMAO, the female rats had significantly less intestinal injury and reduced gut-induced lung injury, BM suppression, RBC dysfunction, and neutrophil activation than male rats subjected to SMAO. These results indicate that the resistance of proestrus female rats to gut injury and gut-induced distant organ injury is greater than that observed in male rats.     

High Spatial and Temporal Resolution Observations of Pulsatile Changes in Blood Echogenicity in the Common Carotid Artery of Rats

Previous studies have found that ultrasound backscatter from blood in vascular flow systems varies under pulsatile flow, with the maximum values occurring during the systolic period. This phenomenon is of particular interest in hemorheology because it is contrary to the well-known fact that red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, which determines the intensity of ultrasound backscatter from blood, decreases at a high systolic shear rate. In the present study, a rat model was used to provide basic information on the characteristics of blood echogenicity in arterial blood flow to investigate the phenomenon of RBC aggregation under pulsatile flow. Blood echogenicity in the common carotid arteries of rats was measured using a high-frequency ultrasound imaging system with a 40-MHz probe. The electrocardiography-based kilohertz visualization reconstruction technique was employed to obtain high-temporal-resolution and high-spatial-resolution time-course B-mode cross-sectional and longitudinal images of the vessel. The experimental results indicate that blood echogenicity in rat carotid arteries varies during a cardiac cycle. Blood echogenicity tends to decrease during early systole and reaches its peak during late systole, followed by a slow decline thereafter. The time delay of the echogenicity peak from peak systole in the present results is the main difference from previous in vitro and in vivo observations of backscattering peaks during early systole, which may be caused by the very rapid heart rates and low RBC aggregation tendency of rats compared with humans and other mammalian species. The present study may provide useful information elucidating the characteristics of RBC aggregation in arterial blood flow.     

Comparison of isotope dilution technique and haematocrit determination for blood volume estimation in rats subjected to haemorrhage

The method of posthaemorrhagic blood volume (BV) determination by simple haematocrit measurement has been compared with the conventional isotope dilution technique. 51Cr tagged erythrocytes and 125IHSA were used to estimate RBC volume and plasma volume in non-starved male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two series of experiments were carried out by two different investigatory groups. Haemorrhage was inflicted by 60 or 90 min of haemorrhagic hypotension at 70 mm Hg, causing 41% and 56% loss of the initial estimated BVs, respectively. There was agreement in both series for the initial blood volume indices; RBC volume, 2.82 ml x 100 g-1 b.wt.; plasma volume 3.33 ml x 100 g-1 b.wt. and F cells, 0.91. Using the RBC volume data, the calculated residual BVs after haemorrhage corresponded accurately to the isotope measurements in both series. It is concluded that non-splenectomized rats may be used for accurate BV analysis after haemorrhage if the basal data for the strain used are known.