双气囊内镜在诊断和治疗小肠疾病中操作难易性和安全性评价

目的探讨双气囊内镜在诊断和治疗小肠疾病中的难易性和安全性。方法2003年8月至2006年9月对196例患者进行双气囊内镜检查，观察其检查时间、操作成功率、全小肠检查成功率和并发症发生情况。结果单纯经口检查82例，平均耗时71min；单纯经肛检查52例，平均耗时99min；经口经肛联合检查62例，平均耗时159min。经口双气囊内镜144次，成功143次，操作成功率为99．3％，经肛检查114次，成功106次，操作成功率为93．0％。单纯经口或经肛均未能完成全小肠的检查，经口经肛联合检查完成3例全小肠检查。检查后发生声音嘶哑3例，黏膜下血肿1例，无死亡病例。结论双气囊内镜检查操作简单易学，成功率较高，其在小肠疾病诊治中的应用是安全可靠的，但是观察全部小肠尚有一定困难。     

Accuracy of the size estimation in wireless capsule endoscopy: calibrating the M2A PillCam (with video)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the accuracy and precision of a size estimation in wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) and to develop a simple device that facilitates learning of an exact size estimation in WCE. DESIGN: A prospective study with an animal model. Seventy-five medical students were compared with 21 physicians not performing WCEs and 21 experts actively performing WCEs. INTERVENTIONS: Video sequences were recorded with a PillCam wireless endoscope in a porcine small-bowel model after implantation of "lesions" of defined sizes. Volunteers estimated the diameter of these "lesions" with and without the use of a calibrator device, which was a picture from a black-and-white grid taken with the PillCam in direct contact with the transparent dome. RESULTS: The students overestimated the diameters of the lesions by 26%. The physicians and experts underestimated the diameters by 32% and 31%, respectively. With the help of the calibrator device, the students underestimated the diameters by 15%. Physicians underestimated the diameters by 21%, whereas experts still underestimated the diameters by 35%. The interindividual log-scale standard deviation (SD) of the estimated diameters from the true diameter decreased during training in all groups, whereas intraindividual SDs decreased in students and increased in experts. LIMITATION: An animal model. CONCLUSIONS: All investigators agree better when a calibrating device was offered. Experts who performed more than 400 WCEs tended to be more precise.     

Adenocarcinoma of the third and fourth portions of the duodenum: The capsule endoscopy value

Primary adenocarcinoma of the small intestine occurs in over 50% of cases in the duodenum. However, its location in the third and fourth duodenal portions occurs rarely and is a diagnostic challenge. The aim of this work is to report an adenocarcinoma of the third and fourth duodenal portions, emphasizing its diagnostic difficulty and the value of video capsule endoscopy. A man, 40 years old, with no medical history, with abdominal discomfort and progressive fatigue, presented four months ago with one episode of moderate melena. The physical examination was normal, except for mucosal pallor. Blood tests were consistent with microcytic, hypochromic iron deficiency anemia with 7.8 g/dL hemoglobin. The upper and lower endoscopy were normal. Additional work-up with video capsule endoscopy showed a polypoid lesion involving the third and fourth portions of the duodenum. Biopsy showed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Abdominal computed tomography showed a wall thickening from the third duodenal portion to the proximal jejunum, without distant metastasis. The patient underwent segmental resection (distal duodenum and proximal jejunum) with duodenojejunostomy. The surgical specimen histology confirmed the biopsy diagnosis, with transmural infiltration, without nodal involvement. Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma of the third and fourth portions of the duodenum is difficult to diagnose and capsule endoscopy is of great value.     

Diagnosis of the jejunoileal lymphoma by double-balloon endoscopy

AIM: To investigate the feasibility of double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) to detect jejunoileal lymphoma, compared with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET).METHODS: Between March 2004 and January 2011, we histologically confirmed involvement of malignant lymphoma of the jejunoileum in 31 patients by DBE and biopsy. In 20 patients of them, we performed with FDG-PET. We retrospectively reviewed the records of these 20 patients. Their median age was 64 years (range 50-81). In the 20 patients, the pathological diagnosis of underlying non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) comprised follicular lymphoma (FL, n = 12), diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL, n = 4), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL, n = 2), enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma (ETL, n = 1) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL, n = 1).RESULTS: Ten cases showed accumulation by FDG-PET (50%). FDG-PET was positive in 3 of 12 FL cases (25%) while in 7 of 8 non-FL cases (88%, P < 0.05). Intestinal FL showed a significantly lower rate of positive FDG-PET, in comparison with other types of lymphoma. Cases with endoscopically elevated lesions (n = 10) showed positive FDG-PET in 2 (20%), but those with other type NHL did in 8 of 10 (80%, P < 0.05). When the cases having elevated type was compared with those not having elevated type lesion, the number of cases that showed accumulation of FDG was significantly smaller in the former than in the latter.CONCLUSION: In a significant proportion, small intestinal involvement cannot be pointed out by FDG-PET. Especially, FL is difficult to evaluate by FDG-PET but essentially requires DBE.