水溶性大豆异黄酮对破骨细胞分化和功能的影响

目的:研究水溶性大豆异黄酮(WSSI)对1,25-二羟基维生素D3诱导兔骨髓细胞分化形成破骨细胞样细胞以及兔成熟破骨细胞骨吸收功能的影响。方法:通过TRAP染色对骨髓细胞诱导分化形成的TRAP阳性多核巨细胞计数;用显微摄影结合计算机图像分析测定骨吸收造成的陷窝数目及表面积,以评价破骨细胞活性;用扫描电镜观察骨吸收陷窝的形态。结果:浓度为20.0、4.0、2.0和0.4μg/ml的水溶性大豆异黄酮既能抑制破骨细胞样细胞的形成(P<0.001),还能抑制成熟破骨细胞的骨吸收功能(P<0.001),具体表现在随着浓度的升高骨吸收陷窝数目及表面积减少。结论:WSSI可以明显抑制破骨细胞样细胞的形成和成熟破骨细胞的骨吸收功能。     

Ca~(2+)信号对1α,25-(OH)_2D_3调控破骨细胞形成及骨吸收活性的影响

目的探讨Ca2+信号对1α,25-二羟维生素D3(1α,25-(OH)2D3)调控破骨细胞(osteoclast,OC)形成及骨吸收活性的影响。方法在巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(macrophage colony-stimulating factor,M-CSF)及核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)联合诱导RAW264.7细胞分化为OC的基础上,添加10-8 mol/L 1α,25-(OH)2D3,并设Ca2+螯合剂1,2-双(2-氨基苯氧基)乙烷-N,N,N`,N`-四乙酸四乙酸甲酯(BAPTA-AM)干预组,通过抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色鉴定OC的形成,环境扫描电镜观察牛皮质骨片吸收陷窝。结果添加10-8 mol/L 1α,25-(OH)2D3可显著增加OC数量,促进骨吸收活性。然而,与添加10-8 mol/L 1α,25-(OH)2D3比较,5μmol/L BAPTA-AM干预可显著降低OC数量,抑制骨吸收活性。结论 10-8 mol/L 1α,25-(OH)2D3能够促进OC形成和骨吸收活性,此过程涉及Ca2+信号机制。     

1α,25-(OH)_2D_3促进骨细胞形成及骨吸收活性（英文）

目的研究1α,25-二羟维生素D_3(1α,25-(OH)_2D_3)对破骨细胞(osteoclast,OC)形成及骨吸收活性的影响。方法在巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(macrophage colony stimulating factor,M-CSF)和核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator for nuclear factor-иB ligand,RANKL)诱导破骨细胞前体细胞RAW264.7细胞分化为OC的基础上,添加不同浓度1α,25-(OH)_2D_3(10~(-7),10~(-8)和10~(-9)mol/L),通过抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate resistant acid phosphatase,TRAP)染色鉴定成熟OC的形成,环境扫描电镜观察牛皮质骨片吸收陷窝。结果各浓度1α,25-(OH)_2D_3均可以促进RAW264.7细胞分化为OC,并增强其骨吸收活力。其中,10~(-8)mol/L的1α,25-(OH)_2D_3诱导效果最好,所形成的OC数最多,骨吸收活性最强。结论 1α,25-(OH)_2D_3能促进OC形成,增强骨吸收活性,从而调节骨代谢。     

记忆T细胞CD45~+通过RANKL对破骨细胞的影响及调控

目的分析记忆T细胞CD45~+(CD45RO)通过核因子κβ受体活化因子配体(RANKL)对大鼠破骨细胞的影响及调控,观察其与骨质疏松发病机制相关性,旨在为未来骨质疏松的治疗提供新靶点。方法购入40只24 h内新生Wistar大鼠,使用机械分离法,取大鼠四肢长骨,经消化酶法提取破骨细胞,进行培养,后将大鼠处死经酒精浸泡后分离其股骨、肱骨及胫骨,剔除软组织与软骨骺,处理后,将大鼠随机分为A、B、C、D 4组,分别向内加入RANKL试剂,各组大鼠RANKL浓度分别为0μg/L、50μg/L、100μg/L、150μg/L,对比不同浓度RANKL大鼠模型破骨细胞数量、骨陷窝面积,同时计算破骨细胞所含细胞核数量,即核数目;测定不同RANKL浓度大鼠血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b(TRACP-5b)表达及CD45RO表达;并分析CD45RO表达与破骨细胞数量、骨陷窝面积及核数目的相关性。结果随着RANKL浓度增加,大鼠破骨细胞数量增加、骨陷窝面积增加、核数量增加,TRACP-5b、CD45RO表达均升高,但C组与D组比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05),其他各组组间比较差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。经双变量Pearson相关性分析检验证实,大鼠CD45RO与破骨细胞数量、骨陷窝面积、核数目均呈正相关(r=0. 958、0. 834、0. 972,P <0. 05)。结论记忆T细胞CD45~+能够产生大量炎性因子,通过对RANKL/RANK/OPG信号传导系统的直接作用,对破骨细胞及成骨细胞产生影响,来促进骨吸收,抑制骨形成,可能参加了骨质疏松的调控,可将其作为未来骨质疏松治疗研究的新靶点。     

lα,25-(OH)_2D_3对体外培养小鼠破骨细胞形成及活性的影响

目的研究1α,25-(OH)_2D_3对体外培养小鼠破骨细胞(osteoclast,OC)分化及骨吸收的直接影响。方法采用核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)和巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(macrophage colony stimulating factor,M-CSF)诱导体外培养C57BL/6J小鼠OC前体分化成OC。RTCA检测细胞增殖、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色检测OC数量、Western blot检测OC骨吸收功能相关蛋白和转录因子蛋白表达水平、免疫荧光和扫描电镜观察OC骨架和形态、骨细胞培养板分析骨吸收陷窝面积,观察10 nM 1α,25-(OH)_2D_3对OC形成及骨吸收功能的影响。结果 10nmol/L1α,25-(OH)_2D_3对细胞增殖无显著影响,但能显著抑制OC形成,抑制骨吸收功能相关蛋白和转录因子蛋白的表达,阻碍OC骨架肌动蛋白环和伪足小体的形成,减弱OC骨吸收功能。结论1α,25-(OH)_2D_3能抑制体外培养小鼠OC的形成及骨吸收功能,在钙磷代谢紊乱及骨骼疾病中对OC具有直接调控作用。[营养学报,2019,41(6):593-600]     

锌缺乏和过量对小鼠胚胎体外骨形成的影响

目的　研究锌缺乏和锌过量对骨形成的影响。方法　采用小鼠胚胎长骨体外培养 ,通过骨组织的形态图象分析及长骨肥大区软骨细胞计数和骨化区破骨细胞计数以及羟脯氨酸( Hyp)含量和碱性磷酸酶 ( AKP)的活性测定研究锌缺乏和锌过量对骨形成的影响。结果　当培养基锌浓度高至 1× 1 0 -3 mol/ L时 ,长骨总长度及面积和骨干长度及面积、羟脯氨酸的含量、肥大区软骨细胞数均低于对照组 ;破骨细胞数高于对照组 ;当培养基锌浓度为 5× 1 0 -4 mol/ L时 ,AKP活性开始降低 ,当为 1× 1 0 -3 mol/ L时 ,AKP活性降低更为明显 ,锌缺乏时 ,AKP活性也降低。结论　锌缺乏和锌过量均可影响骨的发育。AKP在锌对骨发育的研究中是一个较为敏感的指标     

氟和铝对小鼠胚胎成骨细胞骨保护蛋白和核因子κB受体活化因子配体mRNA表达的影响

目的观察氟和铝对小鼠胚胎成骨细胞株(MC3T3-E1)骨保护蛋白(OPG)和NF-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)mRNA表达的影响。方法 在细胞培养液中加入50μmol/L氟化钠或/和5μmol/L氯化铝;72 h后提取细胞总mRNA,用RT-PCR方法分析MC3T3-E1细胞OPG和RANKL的mRNA表达,进行半定量分析。结果与对照组比较,氟铝联合染毒可显著提高MC3T3-E1细胞OPG mRNA的表达(P<0.05),两者具有协同作用(P<0.05),但氟铝联合染毒对MC3T3-E1细胞RANKL mRNA的表达水平无显著改变;因此,与对照组相比,氟铝联合染毒组RANKL/OPG比值显著降低(P<0.05)。结论氟铝联合可能通过增加成骨细胞OPG基因表达水平来抑制破骨细胞的分化和成熟,从而抑制骨吸收,使骨形成大于骨吸收。     

一氧化氮合酶在氟致大鼠原代海马神经细胞氧化损伤及细胞凋亡中的作用

目的采用一氧化氮合酶(e NOS)抑制剂L-亚氨基乙基鸟氨酸(L-NIO)探讨一氧化氮合酶在氟致大鼠原代海马神经细胞氧化损伤及细胞凋亡中的作用。方法将体外培养的大鼠海马神经细胞分为对照(空白培养基)组和Na F(0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.5、1、2、4 mmol/L)单独染毒组及L-NIO(1、2、3、4、5、10μmol/L)单独染毒组,染毒48 h后,采用CCK-8法测定细胞活性。将大鼠海马神经细胞分为对照(空白培养基)组、Na F(0.2、1 mmol/L)单独染毒组、Na F和L-NIO联合染毒组(0.2 mmol/L Na F+3μmol/L L-NIO和1 mmol/L Na F+3μmol/L L-NIO),染毒48 h后,检测细胞中e NOS蛋白和m RNA的表达水平及细胞凋亡情况以及细胞培养液中一氧化氮(NO)含量和NOS活力。结果与对照组相比,0.02~4 mmol/L Na F染毒组及4~10 mmol/L L-NIO染毒组大鼠海马神经细胞的存活率均较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,仅0.2、1 mmol/L Na F染毒组大鼠海马神经细胞中e NOS蛋白和m RNA的表达水平升高,除0.2 mmol/L Na F染毒组e NOS蛋白的表达水平外,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与相同浓度Na F染毒组相比,0.2、1 mmol/L Na F+3μmol/L L-NIO染毒组大鼠海马神经细胞中e NOS蛋白和m RNA的表达水平降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,仅1 mmol/L Na F染毒组大鼠海马神经细胞的凋亡率升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与相同浓度Na F染毒组相比,0.2、1 mmol/L Na F+3μmol/L L-NIO染毒组大鼠海马神经细胞的凋亡率较低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,0.2、1 mmol/L Na F染毒组大鼠海马神经细胞培养液中NO含量和NOS活力较高。与相同浓度Na F染毒组相比,0.2、1 mmol/L Na F+3μmol/L L-NIO组大鼠海马神经细胞培养液中NO含量和NOS活力较低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论过量氟可致大鼠原代海马神经细胞NOS活力上升,NO合成增强,导致氧化损伤及细胞凋亡;L-NIO可以拮抗过量氟引起的原代海马神经细胞e NOS蛋白、m RNA表达及细胞凋亡率增高,起到一定的神经保护作用。     

氟对大鼠腰椎松质骨超微结构的影响

目的　研究氟对大鼠腰椎松质骨超微结构的影响。方法　 32只体重为 (80± 10 ) g的健康雌性Wistar大鼠分别经饮水给不同剂量 (0 ,2 5 ,5 0 ,10 0mgF-/L)的氟 ,染毒 3个月。处死动物后 ,立即取第 2腰椎 ,剔除表面附着的软组织 ,沿正中线作矢状剖开 ,暴露骨髓腔 ,用生理盐水冲洗后 ,经固定、脱水、脱脂、干燥、喷金等处理步骤 ,用扫描电镜观察松质骨超微结构改变。结果　随着染氟剂量的增加 ,大鼠腰椎椎体松质骨骨量明显增加 ,骨小梁数目增加 ,表面凸凹不平、小梁不规则变厚、变粗 ,骨小梁裂纹和微骨折较多见 ,骨吸收陷窝缩小、变浅。胶原纤维出现板结硬化样改变和较宽的不规则裂隙。结论　长期过量摄入氟可使大鼠腰椎椎体松质骨的骨形成增加 ,但所形成的骨排列多不规则 ,骨小梁裂纹和微骨折较多见 ,导致骨的质和量分离现象。     

氟、砷染毒对大鼠破骨细胞骨吸收能力的影响及其机制

[目的]研究氟砷联合染毒对大鼠破骨细胞骨吸收能力的影响及其机制。[方法]54只清洁级SD大鼠随机分为9组,每组6只,雌雄各半。根据预实验及文献确定染毒剂量,用NaF和NaAsO_2分别对实验动物予以灌胃染毒,各染毒组毒物剂量及缩写分别为:对照组(F_0As_0)、低氟组(5 mg/kg,F_5)、高氟组(20 mg/kg,F_(20))、低砷组(2.5 mg/kg,As_(2.5))、高砷组(10 mg/kg,As_(10))、低氟低砷组(5 mg/kg+2.5 mg/kg,F_5As_(2.5))、低氟高砷组(5 mg/kg+10 mg/kg,F_5As_(10))、高氟低砷组(20 mg/kg+2.5 mg/kg,F_(20)As_(2.5))、高氟高砷组(20 mg/kg+10 mg/kg,F_(20)As_(10))。酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)测定大鼠血清中抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TRACP-5b)、Ⅰ型胶原吡啶交联终肽(ICTP)含量及大鼠右侧股骨组织匀浆上清液中骨保护素(OPG)、前列腺素E2(PGE_2)、1,25二羟基维生素D3[1,25(OH)_2D_3]含量。[结果]大鼠血清中ICTP、TRACP-5b蛋白表达水平在高氟组均较对照组升高(F_0As_0:1.352±0.025,2.942±0.078;F_(20):1.427±0.026,3.202±0.142;均P0.05),而单独染砷组与对照组的差异均无统计学意义(Ps0.05)。对于氟砷联合染毒组,染氟剂量在20 mg/kg时,ICTP、TRACP-5b蛋白含量在高氟高砷组较高氟低砷组明显降低(F_(20)As_(2.5):1.442±0.034,3.280±0.095;F_(20)As_(10):1.345±0.042,3.053±0.084;均P0.05)。氟砷的偏相关分析及交互作用结果显示TRACP-5b、ICTP蛋白含量的改变与氟浓度呈正相关(偏相关系数:0.663,0.392;均P0.05),氟起到主效应作用(F=24.560,8.188;均P0.05)。大鼠骨组织OPG、PGE_2、1,25(OH)_2D_3表达水平在高氟组均较对照组升高(F_0As_0:12.278±0.220,1.352±0.025,9.582±0.363;F_(20):14.087±0.797,1.427±0.026,11.915±0.931;均P0.05)。对于氟砷联合染毒组,染氟剂量为2.5 mg/kg时,低氟高砷组的PGE_2较低氟低砷组低(F_5As_(2.5):1.442±0.034;F_5As_(10):1.345±0.080;P0.05);染氟剂量为20 mg/kg时,高氟高砷组1,25(OH)_2D_3较高氟低砷组低(F_(20)As_(2.5):12.082±0.860;F_(20)As_(10):10.567±0.695;均P0.05)。氟砷的偏相关分析及交互作用结果显示OPG、PGE_2、1,25(OH)_2D_3含量改变与氟呈正相关(偏相关系数:0.804,0.487,0.748;均P0.05),氟起到主效应作用(F=47.100,9.031,3.114;均P0.05);砷对OPG、PGE_2、1,25(OH)_2D_3的直接影响不明显(P0.05)。[结论]砷能抑制氟暴露对大鼠破骨细胞骨吸收功能的促进作用,氟砷之间的交互作用主要表现为拮抗作用。PGE_2、1,25(OH)_2D_3可能是氟砷对破骨细胞骨吸收功能进行调控的重要因子。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.