嗜肺军团菌flaA基因的克隆及原核融合表达

目的 构建嗜肺军团菌鞭毛亚单位蛋白基因(flaA)的融合表达载体,并在原核系统表达,为进一步研究鞭毛亚单位蛋白的致病作用和免疫保护性提供前提条件.方法 以嗜肺军团菌1型DNA为模板,PCR扩增获得嗜肺军团菌flaA基因,与带有硫氧还蛋白基因(Trx)的高效原核表达质粒pET32a( )定向重组,构建重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),并经限制性核酸内切酶酶切鉴定、PCR和核酸序列分析后,以IPTG诱导表达Trx-flaA融合蛋白, 用SDS-PAGE及Western blot进行鉴定.结果 限制性核酸内切酶酶切鉴定、PCR和核酸序列分析表明,扩增出了嗜肺军团菌1435 bp的flaA基因,成功构建了重组质粒pET-flaA,SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析显示重组质粒pET-flaA在大肠杆菌中得到了高效融合表达.结论 成功构建嗜肺军团菌flaA基因重组质粒,并在原核系统中得到了高效表达.     

结核分枝杆菌毒素蛋白 higB 的原核表达及分析

目的：克隆编码结核分枝杆菌毒素基因higB并在大肠杆菌中表达。方法利用PCR法从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组扩增higB基因;构建重组表达质粒pET-32a（＋）-higB;筛选出阳性重组质粒后转化大肠杆菌,诱导目的蛋白表达;利用SDS-PAGE与Western-blot鉴定目的蛋白的表达。结果成功扩增出了higB基因,克隆于载体pET-32 a（＋）质粒中,PCR筛选和酶切鉴定获得阳性克隆,测序证实正确;转化大肠杆菌BL21后higB蛋白没有发生表达。结论已成功构建结核分枝杆菌毒素基因higB的原核表达载体,但大肠杆菌BL21不能表达出higB蛋白。     

法国梧桐花粉变应原Pla a1基因的克隆与原核表达

目的克隆编码法国梧桐花粉主要变应原(Platanus acerifolia pollen allergen 1)的Pla a1基因,并构建原核表达载体进行表达。方法采用RT-PCR法从法国梧桐花粉总RNA中扩增Pla a1基因全长cDNA以及不含信号肽的编码区,克隆至pMD18-T载体中进行测序。采用SalⅠ SphⅠ双酶切,将不含信号肽的编码区定向亚克隆到pQE-30载体,形成原核表达载体pQE-30-Pla a1E,转化大肠杆菌M15菌株,PCR和酶切图谱鉴定为阳性的克隆子采用IPTG诱导表达,采用SDS-PAGE电泳检测蛋白表达结果。结果通过RT-PCR从法国梧桐花序总cDNA中扩增出了Pla a1基因的全长cDNA,与已报道序列基本一致,但发现该基因在非编码区存在SNP位点,尤其是在起始密码子ATG之前的Oligo A序列存在长度多态性。本研究还克隆了一条与Pla a1高度同源的新基因Pla a1′的大部分编码区序列。以基因组DNA为模板的对比克隆表明,该基因没有内含子。克隆子菌液PCR和质粒酶切图谱鉴定均表明,pQE-30-Pla a1E构建成功。IPTG诱导的含有pQE-30-Pla a1E的大肠杆菌M15菌液表达的具有6×His标签的PLA A1E蛋白,经SDS-PAGE电泳,显示了一条约16kd的条带。结论发现了法国梧桐花粉主要变应原Pla a1基因的多态性位点,克隆了与其高度同源的另一条新基因Pla a1′的大部分编码区,成功构建了原核表达载体pQE-30-Plaa1E,并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达,为获得重组纯化Pla a1变应原并用于花粉变应性疾病的诊治奠定了基础。     

mompS-linker-flaA融合基因原核表达载体的构建及诱导表达

目的在嗜肺军团菌主要外膜蛋白S基因(mompS)和鞭毛亚单位蛋白基因(flaA)基因间加入一段柔性链接头(Linker),以构建mompS-Linker-flaA融合表达载体,并使其在大肠杆菌中表达。方法以嗜肺军团菌1型DNA为模板,PCR分别扩增获得嗜肺军团菌mompS基因和flaA基因,与带有硫氧还蛋白(Trx)基因的高效原核表达质粒pET32a( )定向重组,构建含mompS-Linker-flaA基因的重组质粒pET-LpSLF,经限制性核酸内切酶酶切鉴定、PCR和核酸序列分析后,以IPTG诱导表达Trx-MOMPS-Linker-FlaA融合蛋白,用SDS-PAGE及Westernblotting进行鉴定。结果限制性核酸内切酶酶切鉴定、PCR和核酸序列分析表明,我们扩增出了嗜肺军团菌906bp的mompS及1440bp的flaA基因,成功构建了重组质粒pET-LpSLF,SDS-PAGE及Westernblot分析显示重组质粒pET-LpSLF在原核系统中得到了表达。结论嗜肺军团菌mompS-Linker-flaA基因在大肠杆菌中得到了表达,为进一步从分子水平研究其免疫原性、免疫保护性及其在临床诊断上的应用价值提供研究基础。     

十二指肠钩虫脂肪酸与视黄醇结合蛋白(Ad-FAR-1) 基因的克隆及原核表达

目的克隆十二指肠钩虫脂肪酸与视黄醇结合蛋白(Ad-FAR-1)基因并在大肠杆菌中表达。方法运用3′RACE及RT-PCR技术分别扩增Ad-FAR-1 cDNA部分片段,获得序列经拼接后利用在线BLAST程序检索GenBank中相似的核酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列;设计引物,将Ad-FAR-1成熟肽编码序列克隆、连接到原核表达载体pET32a,构建重组表达质粒并转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中用IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析表达情况。结果成功克隆到Ad-FAR-1全长cDNA序列并构建了pET32a/Ad-FAR-1原核表达重组质粒,Ad-FAR-1融合蛋白在大肠中得到了高效表达。结论成功获得并表达了十二指肠钩虫脂肪酸与视黄醇结合蛋白(Ad-FAR-1)基因,为进一步研究该蛋白的特性与功能奠定了基础。     

猪干扰素-γ基因的合成及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的:构建猪干扰素-γ基因(PoIFN-γ)的融合表达质粒,并在原核系统表达,为猪γ干扰素生物药剂或疫苗佐剂的开发奠定基础.方法:选择大肠杆菌偏爱密码子,分成20个长约48 bp且相互配对的寡核苷酸片段,采用重叠PCR方法人工合成了猪干扰素-γ成熟蛋白编码基因,并经测序证实后克隆至原核表达载体pQE30中.经限制性核酸内切酶酶切鉴定、PCR和核酸序列分析后,不同温度下以IPTG诱导表达,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析.结果:限制性核酸内切酶酶切鉴定、PCR和核酸序列分析表明,扩增出了PoIFN-γ基因,成功构建了重组质粒pQE30/PoIFN-γ,SDS-PAGE分析显示目的蛋白以包涵体的形式在大肠杆菌中获得高表达,表达量占总菌体蛋白的84.5%.结论:应用重叠PCR合成PoIFN-γ基因并在大肠杆菌中得到了高效表达.     

细粒棘球绦虫AgB8/1重组抗原表达系统的构建

目的 构建pET32a-AgB8/1原核表达载体,并对其重组蛋白进行原核细胞表达.方法 从细粒棘球绦虫原头蚴中提取总RNA,反转录生成cDNA,以此cDNA为模板用基因特异性引物扩增EgAgB8/1基因编码其分泌型多肽的片段,经测序后,以此基因片段为依据,人工合成合成EgAgB8/1抗原编码核酸序列,将其克隆至pUCm-T载体,测序鉴定其正确性.通过对pUCm-T/AgB8/1重组质粒进行双酶切,将获得的AgB8/1抗原编码核酸序列用定向克隆技术克隆至原核表达质粒pET32a上,测序鉴定插入片段正确性后,转化至E.coli BL21 (DE3)Lys S,IPTG初步诱导表达pET32a-AgB8/1重组蛋白.用SDS-PAGE电泳分析鉴定重组蛋白的表达水平.结果 测序表明,AgB8/1抗原编码核酸序列正方向插入至pET32a质粒.SDS-PAGE电泳分析显示,IPTG诱导后重组蛋白得到成功表达,在相对分子量约28 kDa处有表达条带.结论 本研究成功构建了pET32a-AgB8/1原核表达质粒,并初步诱导表达出AgB8/1重组蛋白,为进一步研究其免疫学特性奠定了基础.     

登革Ⅱ型病毒E蛋白第三结构域在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及免疫反应性鉴定

目的 在大肠杆菌中表达登革Ⅱ型病毒包膜糖蛋白(E)的第三结构域(DⅢ),并进行纯化及免疫反应性鉴定.方法 登革Ⅱ型病毒接种乳鼠,提取总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增E蛋白全长基因片段,构建pMD 18-T-DV2-E载体.以pMD18-T-DV2-E质粒为模板,PCR扩增E蛋白DⅢ基因片段并纯化.用限制性内切酶双酶切纯化产物和表达质粒pET-32a(+)并连接构建重组质粒.筛选的阳性质粒转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达,表达蛋白经SDS-PAGE分析和Ni-NTA树脂纯化,Western blot鉴定.结果 RT-PCR扩增获得1.5 kb的E蛋白全长基因片段,构建pMD 18-T-DV2-E质粒;以pMD 18-T-DV2-E质粒为模板,PCR扩增获得320 bp的E蛋白DⅢ基因片段,构建pET-32a(+)-DV2-E-DⅢ表达质粒;IPTG诱导后经SDS-PAGE分析,表达相对分子质量约为29000的可溶性重组蛋白,其表达量占细菌裂解液中总蛋白量的52.50%:Western blot鉴定显示重组蛋白与His·Tag单抗和登革病毒(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)单抗均发生反应.结论 重组质粒pET-32a(+)-DV2-E-DⅢ在大肠杆菌中可溶性表达登革Ⅱ型病毒E蛋白第三结构域,重组蛋白能被登革病毒(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)单抗识别.     

BTBD10基因的原核表达和多克隆抗体制备

目的 克隆和表达BTBD10基因,为进一步研究BTBD 10与胰岛细胞增殖功能提供工具.方法 制备兔抗BTBD10多克隆抗体,利用PCR方法扩增BTBD10全长,经Bam H I和Sal I酶切后连接入pET32a原核表达载体,将重组表达质粒pET32a-BTBD 10转化大肠杆菌ROSSET,经IPTG诱导表达蛋白,并以亲和层析的方法进行纯化,以纯化的BTBD10蛋白免疫新两兰大白兔,制备兔抗BTBD10的多克隆抗体,利用Western blot方法分析鉴定.结果 经双酶切和核酸序列分析证实重组质粒包含有正确编码的BTBD10读码框.SDS-PAGE电泳分析显示IPTG诱导后表达约85kU的融合蛋白,与预期结果相符.将纯化的融合蛋白免疫家兔,获得兔抗BTBD10多克隆抗体血清,Western blot结果显示该抗体特异性好,效价高,目的条带位于56kU处.结论 成功构建人BTBD10原核表达载体,并获得了高纯度BTBD10重组蛋白及兔抗BTBD10多克隆抗体.     

PRL-3基因的克隆及其原核表达载体的构建表达

目的 克隆人PRL-3基因并构建其原核表达载体.方法 设计PRL-3特异性引物,提取人大肠癌细胞系SW480总RNA,用RT-PCR方法获取人PRL-3 cDNA.经T-A克隆,通过双酶切鉴定及测序确认后,构建人PRL-3基因的原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1-PRL-3.结果 成功扩增出人PRL-3全长cDNA,并构建pGEX-4T-1-PRL-3原核表达载体,测序结果表明PRL-3全长cDNA与GenBank中PRL-3序列完全一致,SDS-PAGE胶分析表明,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中成功表达了重组蛋白.结论 获得人PRL-3基因全长cDNA并构建其原核表达载体,使其在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,为深入研究PRL-3基因在大肠癌发生发展中的作用奠定了基础.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.