全凭静脉麻醉下脊柱手术患者术后谵妄的危险因素

目的 筛选全凭静脉麻醉下脊柱手术患者发生术后谵妄的危险因素.方法 择期行脊柱手术患者200例,年龄18～70岁,根据术后3 d内是否发生谵妄分为术后谵妄组和非术后谵妄组.可疑危险因素进行组间比较后,将差异有统计学意义的因素进行logistic回归分析,筛选发生术后谵妄的危险因素.结果 39例患者术后发生谵妄,发生率为19.5%.logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、术中失血量、经常饮酒是发生术后谵妄的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).相对危险度依次为1.882、0.999、1.715.结论 老龄、术中大量失血、长期饮酒是全凭静脉麻醉下脊柱手术患者发生术后谵妄的危险因素.     

全麻老年患者术后认知功能障碍的危险因素

目的 筛选全麻老年患者术后认知功能障碍(POCD)的危险因素.方法 择期全麻下行胸部或腹部手术的老年患者300例,年龄65～80岁,采用全凭静脉麻醉.根据术后3d是否发生认知功能障碍,将患者分为非POCD组和POCD组.记录患者一般资料及术前空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血脂及血压.将组间差异有统计学意义的因素进行logistic回归分析,筛选POCD的危险因素.结果 98例患者发生POCD,发生率为32.7％.logistic回归分析结果显示:高龄、糖尿病和高血压是POCD的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 高龄、糖尿病和高血压是全麻老年患者POCD的独立危险因素.     

非心脏手术患者术后谵妄的危险因素

目的 筛选非心脏手术患者发生术后谵妄的危险因素.方法 择期围术期有可疑危险因素的非心脏手术患者480例,年龄18～92岁,根据术后3 d内是否发生谵妄分为术后谵妄组和非术后谵妄组.可疑危险因素进行组间比较后,将差异有统计学意义的因素进行logistic回归分析,筛选发生术后谵妄的危险因素.结果 79例术后发生谵妄,发生率为16.5%.logistic回归分析结果显示,老龄、全身麻醉、手术时间≥3 h、术后Price-Henry疼痛评分为4分、合并肺气肿、饮酒≥3次/周是发生术后谵妄的独立危险因素(P＜0.05),相对危险度依次为1.924、0.188、2.251、1.752、18.954、1.779.结论 老龄、全身麻醉、长时间手术、术后剧烈疼痛、合并肺气肿、长期饮酒是非心脏手术患者发生术后谵妄的危险因素.     

高龄髋部骨折患者术后谵妄危险因素调查

目的明确年龄≥75岁高龄髋部骨折术后谵妄的发病率,筛选导致术后谵妄的危险因素。方法自2012-06—2015-06诊治年龄≥75岁的髋部骨折435例,统计术后谵妄发生率,并根据术后3 d内是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组和非谵妄组。可疑危险因素进行组间比较后,将差异有统计学意义的因素进行Logistic回归分析,筛选发生术后谵妄的危险因素。结果 102例发生术后谵妄,发生率23.45%。谵妄组与非谵妄组间年龄、术前白蛋白、术后血红蛋白、术后红细胞压积、简易精神状态评价量表评分(MMSE评分)、术前老年痴呆病史、视力障碍、听力障碍、留置导尿、居住状态的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示视力障碍、留置导尿、低MMSE评分、低白蛋白是发生术后谵妄的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论髋部骨折手术是术后谵妄发生的重要原因;年龄不是高龄髋部骨折患者术后谵妄的独立危险因素;术前认知功能与感觉功能障碍及低营养状态是高龄髋部骨折患者出现术后谵妄的主要危险因素。     

老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄发生的危险因素分析

目的探讨老年髋部骨折患者术后谵妄发生的临床独立危险因素。方法回顾性分析自2013-04—2014-12诊治的272例老年髋部骨折,根据术后患者是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组和非谵妄组,相继采用单因素分析及Logistic多因素回归分析从14项可能危险因素中筛选出谵妄发生的独立危险因素。结果 63例术后发生谵妄,谵妄发生率为23.2%。单因素分析结果显示,高龄、术前白蛋白(35 g/L)、术前合并基础疾病数量(≥3种)、麻醉方式(全身麻醉/椎管内麻醉)、手术时间(≥2.5 h)、术后使用镇痛泵及术后发生低氧血症与谵妄的发生有显著的相关性关系,可能是谵妄发生的高危因素。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示,高龄、术前白蛋白(35 g/L)、术前合并基础疾病数量(≥3种)及手术时间(≥2.5h)该4项危险因素为术后患者发生谵妄的高危独立危险因素。该4项危险因素的OR值分别为13.865、1.837、2.140、2.437。结论高龄、术前白蛋白35 g/L、术前合并基础疾病数量≥3种及手术时间≥2.5 h 4项危险因素为老年髋部患者术后发生谵妄的独立危险因素。     

非心脏手术老年患者术后谵妄与术前衰弱的关系

目的评价非心脏手术老年患者术后谵妄与术前衰弱的关系。方法收集2019年3月至2022年7月于本院行非心脏手术老年患者, 收集患者年龄、合并疾病、性别、吸烟史、手术类型、术前白蛋白、手术时间、麻醉时间、术后低血压、文化程度、营养状况、ASA分级、术后是否入ICU、术中出血量、术前衰弱状态等病历资料。根据是否发生术后谵妄分为谵妄组和无谵妄组。采用多因素logistic回归分析法筛选术后谵妄发生的危险因素, 绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析危险因素对术后谵妄的预测价值。结果谵妄组74例, 无谵妄组321例, 术后谵妄发生率为18.7%。与无谵妄组相比, 谵妄组年龄≥70岁、文化程度初中及以下、营养状况差、ASA分级Ⅲ级、术后入ICU、衰弱患者比例和术中出血量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析结果显示, 年龄、文化程度、营养状况、ASA分级、术中出血量及衰弱均是谵妄的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。术前衰弱预测术后谵妄的ROC曲线下面积及其95%可信区间为0.672(0.605～0.740)。结论术前衰弱是非心脏手术老年患者术后谵妄的独立危险因素, 可在一...     

老年患者口腔肿瘤皮瓣修复术后谵妄的相关危险因素分析

目的 通过回顾性分析,探讨老年患者口腔肿瘤皮瓣修复术后谵妄的相关危险因素.方法 通过检索电子病例系统,搜集2019年8月至2020年10月行口腔肿瘤皮瓣修复手术的老年患者360例,采集患者相关资料并评估术后谵妄的发生情况,排除未完成电话随访的病例后,最终有350例患者纳入本次研究,包括术后谵妄患者105例(D组),未发...     

颈动脉支架植入术后谵妄风险列线图模型构建

目的 分析与提取颈动脉支架植入术后患者发生谵妄的危险因素,为针对性干预提供参考.方法 统计350例颈动脉狭窄支架植入术后患者谵妄发生率,行单因素和多因素分析获得术后患者谵妄相关危险因素,基此构建列线图预测模型,采用校正曲线和ROC曲线评估其准确度和区分度.结果 60例术后发生谵妄,发生率17.14％;高龄、术前NIHSS评分和术前焦虑是术后发生谵妄的独立危险因素(均P＜0.05);由3项独立危险因素构建的谵妄风险列线图预测模型,预测曲线和观察曲线基本吻合,AUC=0.888.结论 颈动脉支架植入术后患者谵妄发生率较高;高龄、术前焦虑及脑卒中倾向是术后患者发生谵妄的危险因素;构建的列线图预测模型具有较好的准确度和区分度,可提高筛选效能.     

全麻腰椎手术老年患者POCD的危险因素及预测模型

目的筛选全麻腰椎手术老年患者术后认知功能障碍(POCD)的危险因素, 并建立预测模型。方法纳入2021年7月至2022年7月于本院择期行全麻下腰椎手术的老年患者, 术后7 d采用MMSE和MoCA评估认知功能, 2个量表评分均满足下降≥1标准差为发生POCD, 根据是否发生POCD分为POCD组和非POCD组。采用倾向性评分匹配消除组间混杂偏倚, 采用多因素logistic回归分析筛选POCD的危险因素;构建预测模型, 绘制列线图进行可视化, 采用受试者工作特征曲线、校准曲线、决策分析曲线分别对模型的区分度、一致性及临床有效性进行评价。结果本研究共纳入159例患者, POCD发生率31.4%。匹配后2组(n=32)术中输血比率、累积低血压时间、总输液量、手术时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示, 高龄、受教育年限、糖尿病、既往2次及以上全麻手术史、APTT、累积低血压时间是老年患者全麻腰椎手术发生POCD的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。根据上述危险因素构建模型式:LogitP= -15.878+0.263×年龄(岁)-0.122×受教...     

高龄患者髋关节置换术后谵妄的发生率及危险因素分析

目的 探讨行髋关节置换术的高龄患者术后谵妄的发生率及危险因素.方法 选择2009年9月至2010年2月,择期行髋关节置换术患者120例.术前访视患者,术后当天,术后1、2、3d密切随访患者,用谵妄评定法进行谵妄评估.记录患者一般情况、病史、合并症、手术时间、术中失血量、术中输库存血量、术后疼痛评分及谵妄的发生情况,建立数据库.根据是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组和对照组.结果 术后发生谵妄28例,发生率为23.33%.多因素Logistic逐步回归分析高龄、术前合并肺心病、术前合并肺部感染、全身麻醉、术后低氧血症为谵妄的危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 高龄、术前合并肺心病、术前合并肺部感染、全身麻醉、术后低氧血症是术后谵妄的独立危险因素.     

老年患者脊柱手术术后谵妄危险因素分析的回顾性研究

目的:探讨老年患者脊柱手术术后谵妄的发生率及相关危险因素。方法:采用回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年11月收治的老年脊柱手术病例436例,根据术后是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组和非谵妄组。记录患者的性别、年龄、身体质量指数,糖尿病史,冠心病史,慢性阻塞性肺疾病史,术前白细胞计数,术前红细胞比容,术前血红蛋白水平,手术方式,手术时间,麻醉时间,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)评分,心功能分级,术中失血量,术中输血量,术中芬太尼、异丙酚和地佐辛的用量,术后白细胞计数,术后红细胞比容,术后血红蛋白水平,术后电解质(钠离子、钾离子),采用单因素Logistic回归分析有统计学意义的危险因素后进行多元Logistic回归分析进一步探讨独立危险因素。结果:纳入436例中112例老年患者术后出现谵妄,发生率25.68%。谵妄组与非谵妄组在年龄、术前白细胞计数、术前红细胞比容、术后红细胞比容、术后血红蛋白水平、术后钠离子浓度、麻醉时间、ASA评分、心功能评分、术中失血量、术后地佐辛使用量、糖尿病史、冠心病史、慢性阻塞性肺疾病史方面差异有统计学意义(P0.05),通过多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、ASA评分、术后地佐辛量、慢性阻塞性肺疾病史是老年患者脊柱手术术后谵妄发生的独立危险因素。结论:患者高龄72岁、ASA评分2分、地佐辛镇痛药物的使用以及患者合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病史是术后谵妄发生的独立危险因素。     

Predicting delirium after vascular surgery: a model based on pre- and intraoperative data

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine pre- and intraoperative risk factors for the development of postoperative delirium among patients undergoing aortic, carotid, and peripheral vascular surgery to predict the risk for postoperative delirium. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although postoperative delirium after vascular surgery is a frequent complication and is associated with the need for more inpatient hospital care and longer length of hospital stay, little is known about risk factors for delirium in patients undergoing vascular surgery. METHODS: Pre-, intra-, and postoperative data were prospectively collected, including the first 7 postoperative days with daily follow-up by a surgeon and a psychiatrist of 153 patients undergoing elective vascular surgery. Delirium (Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV) was diagnosed by the psychiatrist. Multivariate linear logistic regression and a cross validation analysis were performed to find a set of parameters to predict postoperative delirium. RESULTS: Sixty patients (39.2%) developed postoperative delirium. The best set of predictors included the absence of supraaortic occlusive disease and hypercholesterinemia, history of a major amputation, age over 65 years, a body size of less than 170 cm, preoperative psychiatric parameters and intraoperative parameters correlated to increased blood loss. The combination of these parameters allows the estimation of an individual patients' risk for postoperative delirium already at the end of vascular surgery with an overall accuracy of 69.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative delirium after vascular surgery is a frequent complication. A model based on pre- and intraoperative somatic and psychiatric risk factors allows prediction of the patient's risk for developing postoperative delirium.     

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older patients with a history of alcohol abuse

BACKGROUND: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) affects a significant number of patients and may have serious consequences for quality of life. Although POCD is most frequent after cardiac surgery, the prevalence of POCD after noncardiac surgery in older patients is also significant. The risk factors for POCD after noncardiac surgery include advanced age and preexisting cognitive impairment. Self-reported alcohol abuse is a risk factor for postoperative delirium, but its significance for long-term POCD has not been investigated. The goal of this study was to determine whether neurocognitive function is impaired after noncardiac surgery during general anesthesia in older patients with a history of alcohol abuse. METHODS: Subjects aged 55 yr and older with self-reported alcohol abuse (n = 28) and age-, sex-, education-matched nonalcoholic controls (n = 28) were tested using a neurocognitive battery before and 2 weeks after elective surgery (n = 28) or a corresponding time interval without surgery (n = 28). Verbal memory, visuospatial memory, and executive functions were assessed. A neurologic examination was performed to exclude subjects with potential cerebrovascular damage. RESULTS: Significant three-way interactions (analysis of variance) for Visual Immediate Recall, Visual Delayed Recall, Semantic Fluency, Phonemic Fluency, and the Color-Word Stroop Test implied that cognitive performance in the alcoholic group decreased after surgery more than it did in the other three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a history of alcohol abuse in older patients presents a risk for postoperative cognitive impairment in the domains of visuospatial abilities and executive functions that may have important implications for quality of life and health risks.     

骨科常见手术术后谵妄的危险因素分析

 目的 分析骨科常见手术术后发生谵妄的相关危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年12月行股骨转子间骨折内固定术（155例）、人工股骨头置换术（64例）、全髋关节置换术（169例）、膝关节置换术（65例）和肩关节周围手术（72例）患者525例,根据是否发生术后谵妄分为谵妄组（56例）和非谵妄组（469例）。记录谵妄组和非谵妄组患者年龄、性别、血型以及住院天数、手术方式、麻醉方式、术前准备时间、术前基础疾病状况、术前及术后白蛋白、术前及术后血红蛋白水平、术后电解质是否紊乱、术中出血量、手术持续时间、术后是否ICU监护和输血量等围手术期因素共17项。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析术后发生谵妄的相关危险因素。结果 单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,可能与术后谵妄相关的因素有年龄、手术方式、术前准备时间、术前白蛋白水平、术前血红蛋白水平、术后电解质是否紊乱、手术持续时间、是否术后ICU监护和输血量等9项。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：年龄70~80岁和>80岁组术后谵妄发生率高于年龄<70岁组,OR值分别为12.998（95%CI：2.829,59.713）和36.210（95%CI：8.222,159.476）;术前准备时间4~6 d组术后谵妄发生率高于术前准备时间≥7 d组,OR值为3.903（95%CI：1.658,9.188）;术后电解质紊乱组术后谵妄的发生率高于电解质正常组,OR值为2.160（95%CI：1.065,4.382）。结论 高龄、术前准备时间不充分和术后电解质紊乱是骨科术后发生谵妄的高危因素。     

Apolipoprotein E e4 allele increases the risk of early postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing noncardiac surgery

BACKGROUND: Whether patients who subsequently develop early postoperative delirium have a genetic predisposition that renders them at risk for postoperative delirium has not been determined. METHODS: The authors conducted a nested cohort study to include patients aged > or = 65 yr who were scheduled to undergo major noncardiac surgery requiring anesthesia. A structured interview was conducted preoperatively and for the first 2 days postoperatively to determine the presence of delirium, defined using the Confusion Assessment Method. Blood was drawn for measurement of the apolipoprotein genotypes. Bivariate tests of association were conducted between delirium and apolipoprotein genotypes and other potentially important risk factors. Variables that had significant bivariate association with postoperative delirium were entered in a forward multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS: Of the 190 patients studied, 15.3% developed delirium on both days 1 and 2 after surgery. Forty-six patients (24.2%) had at least one copy of the apolipoprotein e4 allele. The presence of one copy of the e4 allele was associated with an increased risk of early postoperative delirium (28.3% vs. 11.1%; P = 0.005). Even after adjusting for covariates, patients with one copy of the e4 allele were still more likely to have an increased risk of early postoperative delirium (odds ratio, 3.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.51-8.77) compared with those without the e4 allele. CONCLUSIONS: Apolipoprotein e4 carrier status was associated with an increased risk for early postoperative delirium after controlling for known demographic and clinical risk factors. These results suggest that genetic predisposition plays a role and may interact with anesthetic/surgical factors contributing to the development of early postoperative delirium.     

Durchgangssyndrome nach gefäßchirurgischen Operationen

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative delirium is a common psychic disturbance occurring acutely after various surgical procedures and typically presenting with a fluctuating course. These patients' recovery takes longer. In this study we analyze the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing vascular surgery and try to identify risk factors for its development. METHODS: Patients undergoing elective arterial operations were included. Their medical history, the specific vascular diagnosis and operation performed, the medication and laboratory data were monitored. Additionally the patients were preoperatively interviewed by a psychiatrist. Intraoperatively the drugs, infusions, possible transfusions, blood gases and pressures were monitored, as were the times of surgery and anesthesia. Postoperatively patients were seen daily by the psychiatrist and the surgeon for at least 7 days. Postoperative delirium was diagnosed according to DSM IV criteria, and mild, moderate and severe delirium were distinguished. RESULTS: Fifty-four patients entered the study. Twenty-one (38.9%) developed postoperative delirium (11 mild, 2 moderate, 8 severe). Patients with aortic operations developed delirium more frequently than those with non-aortic procedures(55.5 vs 22.2%, n = 27 each). Some preexisting diseases (hearing disturbance) increased the probability of postoperative delirium, while age was not identified as a risk factor. General psychopathological and depressive disturbances increased the likelihood of postoperative delirium. Patients who had a severe intraoperative course developed postoperative delirium more frequently. This was not seen in the absolute time of surgery or anesthesia nor in the intraoperative development of blood pressure or intraarterial gases, which did not differ between patients with and without postoperative delirium. More reliable parameters were an increased intraoperative need for crystalloid volume, intra- or postoperatively decreased hemoglobin values (Hb < 10 g/dl) and the development of acidosis that had to be treated. Patients with delirium had serious complications more often (8/21 = 38.1% vs 6/33 = 18.2%) and needed Intensive Care treatment longer (2.7 vs 2.1 days, only aortic surgery 3.2 vs 2.4 days). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative delirium after vascular surgery is frequent. Patients undergoing aortic surgery, with specific concomitant medical disease, psychopathological disturbances and a severe intraoperative course, are at risk of developing postoperative delirium.     

ICU髋部骨折患者术后谵妄的回顾性分析

目的：研究重症监护病房（ICU）髋部骨折患者术詹谵妄的发生率、临床特点及相关危险因素。方法：279例髋部骨折手术患者,67例术后转入ICU。用ICU意识紊乱评估方法（CAM-ICU）进行监测,有7项因素被选作谵妄的危险因素予以分析：骨折前痴呆史．合并血管危险因素．贫血．低蛋白血症、脱水、电解质紊乱、低氧血症。结果：19例（28．4％）患者在手术后7d内发生谵妻。单因素分析具有统计学意义的变量有既往痴呆史（OR=3．16,95％Cl 1.24～8,15）、术后脱水（OR=3．64,95％cl 1．02～7．44）．合并三个及以上的血管危险因素（OR=3．76,95％cl 1．38～10;53）;多因素回归分析显示具有统计学意义的相关因素有既往痴呆病史（RR=3．06。P=0．014）,合并三个及以上的血管危险因素（RR=3．74,P=O．021）。结论：ICU髓部骨折患者手术后谵妄发生率较高,采用CAM-ICU牟亩助诊断和观察．能提高诊断率．骨折前痴呆史、合并三个及以上的血管危险因素是发生手术后谵妄的危险因素。