VitC和1,6-二磷酸果糖治疗新生儿HIE合并心肌损害35例临床观察

【目的】观察VitC和1.6-二磷酸果糖(FDP)治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic-ischemiceneephaopathy,HIE)合并心肌损害的效果。【方法】在509例新生儿HIE患婴中,对有心肌损害的55例随机分治疗组35例和对照组20例;治疗组用VitC200mg/(kg·d)和FDP250-350mg/(kg·d)每日输液泵给予1次/d,连用7d;对照组仅用能量合剂。【结果】两组治疗效果和住院天数差异有显著性(P<0.05)。【结论】大剂量VitC和FDP是新生儿HIE重症致心肌损害安全有效的治疗药物。     

重组人促红细胞生成素辅助治疗对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病氧化应激损伤及神经行为发育的影响

目的探讨重组人促红细胞生成素(rhu-EPO)辅助治疗对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)氧化应激损伤及神经行为发育的影响,期望为其临床合理应用提供参考依据。方法选取2013年3月-2016年7月在肇庆市第一人民医院进行治疗的98例新生儿HIE患儿作为研究对象,根据随机数字表分为对照组和观察组,每组49例,对照组患者采用常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上给予rhu-EPO联合治疗,分别比较两组患儿临床治疗疗效、不良反应发生情况以及治疗前、治疗后第1周以及治疗1个疗程后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)水平,同时对两组患儿治疗当天、治疗后第1周、第4周以及治疗结束后神经行为评分进行对比。结果治疗结束后,对照组有效率仅为69. 39%,观察组有效率达到91. 84%,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05);对照组和观察组不良反应发生率分别为30. 61%,8. 16%,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05);治疗前两组SOD和MDA水平相近,差异无统计学意义(均P0. 05),治疗后两组患儿SOD水平均明显升高,MDA水平均显著降低,但观察组SOD水平明显高于对照组,MDA水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0. 05);随着治疗时间的延长两组NBNA评分不断升高,且观察组NBNA评分明显高于相同时间点对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0. 05)。结论 rhu-EPO辅助治疗可有效缓解新生儿HIE氧化应激损伤,促进患儿神经行为发育,安全性较高,具有较好的临床应用前景。     

头部亚低温对缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿脑功能指标及血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶的影响

目的探讨头部亚低温对缺氧缺血脑病(HIE)新生儿脑功能指标及血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的影响。方法选取2015年1月-2016年1月收入该院的新生儿HIE患儿54例,根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组27例。对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上进行选择性头部亚低温治疗,检测患儿的脑功能指标[(包括血清髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)水平和新生儿行为神经评分(NBNA)]及NSE水平。结果治疗前两组患儿血清MBP水平、NBNA评分及血清NSE水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后两组患儿血清MBP和NSE含量均比治疗前显著降低(P0.05);且观察组患儿显著低于对照组(P0.01)。出生15 d及30 d时观察组NBNA评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论头部亚低温对新生儿HIE治疗效果较好,可显著改善脑功能指标,降低血清NSE水平,具有神经保护作用。     

早期亚低温联合神经节苷脂对新生儿窒息并发缺血缺氧性脑病患儿的影响

目的探讨早期亚低温联合神经节苷脂治疗新生儿窒息并发缺血缺氧性脑病(HIE)的效果。方法在新生儿监护人知情同意的情况下,将甘肃省庆阳市人民医院收治的84例新生儿窒息并发HIE患儿随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各42例。对照组采用常规治疗和神经节苷脂静脉滴注治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予早期亚低温治疗。治疗14 d后观察两组新生儿治疗效果、神经行为(NBNA)评分和血清糖分解烯醇酶(NSE)、S100β水平,并随访12个月观察其预后情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率为90.48%,高于对照组的71.43%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后第5 d、7 d和14 d观察组NBNA评分与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后观察组患儿NSE及S100β水平与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组预后良好率为80.95%,高于对照组的69.48%(P0.05)。结论早期亚低温联合神经节苷脂治疗新生儿窒息并发HIE患儿效果显著,可提高患儿NBNA评分,降低血清NSE、S100β水平,减少后遗症,改善预后效果。     

选择性头部亚低温治疗对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清氧化应激因子及神经评分的影响

目的探讨选择性头部亚低温治疗对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)血清氧化应激因子及神经评分的影响。方法选取2014年8月-2016年10月西安高新医院收治的HIE患儿88例,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各44例。对照组患儿接受常规综合治疗干预,观察组在此基础上接受选择性头部亚低温治疗,连续治疗28 d。比较两组患儿的治疗总有效率及治疗后神经行为评分(NBNA),比较治疗前后血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、血清丙二醛(MDA)、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(Caspase-3)水平。结果观察组治疗总有效率(95.45%)明显高于对照组(79.54%)(χ2=5.09,P=0.02);治疗后,观察组血清SOD水平明显高于对照组(P0.01),MDA、IL-18及Caspase-3水平明显低于对照组(P0.01);出生后14 d、28 d,观察组NBNA评分均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论选择性头部亚低温治疗HIE的临床疗效显著,能降低脑部缺血再灌注后的氧化应激损伤,有效保护脑部神经,提高患儿预后质量,值得临床推广。     

鼠神经生长因子对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患儿的影响

目的观察鼠神经生长因子对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)患儿脑组织炎症反应及氧化应激损伤的影响。方法选择2016年4月—2017年3月收治的HIE患儿92例,依照随机数表法分为两组,每组46例。对照组采取常规治疗,观察组在此基础上给予鼠神经生长因子治疗。观察两组临床疗效、治疗前后脑组织炎症反应与氧化应激损伤、新生儿神经行为测定(NBNA)、智力发育指数(MDI)、心理运动发育指数(PDI)评分。计数资料比较采用χ2检验,计量资料比较采用t检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前两组TNF-α、IL-10、NSE、SOD水平及NBNA、MDI、PDI评分对比,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);治疗后观察组TNF-α、IL-10、NSE水平均低于对照组,SOD水平及NBNA、MDI、PDI评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论鼠神经生长因子治疗HIE可显著缓解患儿不良症状,调节脑组织炎症反应、降低氧化应激损伤,促进患儿脑部功能恢复,安全性良好。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病治疗30例分析

目的:探讨高压氧(HBO)治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的临床疗效.方法:HBO组30例,给予HBO及常规治疗,氧舱内压为0.025～0.045MPa,每次65min,每日1次,10d为1疗程;对照组25例,给予吸氧、镇静、降颅压、脑活素等常规治疗,HBO治疗前后行新生儿行为神经测定(NBNA)及血气分析.结果:HBO治疗后动脉血氧分压显著高于治疗前(P＜0.01),碱剩余值明显恢复正常;治疗后HBO组中、重度HIE患儿的NBNA评分(分别为72.02±0.94和33.87±1.23)与对照组(分别为68.51±0.82和31.12±1.44)比较均有显著差异(P＜0.001);HBO组后遗症发生率(5%)显著低于对照组(20%,P＜0.01).结论:HBO是治疗新生儿HIE的安全、有效方法.     

神经节苷脂治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病效果分析

目的 观察神经节苷脂对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的治疗效果. 方法 将80例HIE患者在常规治疗的基础上随机分成观察组40例和对照组40例.观察组在常规治疗的基础上给予神经节苷脂(GMI)治疗.观察治疗前后血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙三醛(MAD)的水平,脑CT的改变、NBNA评分及生后1～12月龄对精神运动发育(DQ)评价疗效. 结果 GMI治疗观察组血清SOD和MDA的水平、脑CT、NBNA评分及DQ检测结果均明显优于对照组(P＜0.05). 结论应用神经节苷脂治疗重度HIE确有明显疗效,值得在临床中进一步研究和应用.     

尼莫地平对新生儿HIE治疗作用的研究

目的 为探讨尼莫地平对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的治疗作用.方法 将HIE新生儿43例,分为尼莫地平治疗组21例和对照组22例.治疗组于生后12小时内开始使用尼莫地平口服治疗5mg/(kg.d),每日分2次,疗程5天.其余治疗和处理两组相同,于生后12小时、24小时、72小时检测RBCTCa和Ca~(2+)i的含量,并于后后3日,7日行新生儿行为神经测定(20项NBNA评分).结果 显示对照组12h,24h,RBCTCa和Ca~(2+)i均高于治疗各时相组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01).两组患儿生后3日20项NBNA评分均明显低于正常,两组间无统计学差异.生后7日20项NBNA评分治疗组明显高于对照组(P<0.001).结论 早期使用尼莫地平能阻止Ca~(2+)内流,从而达到保护神经元,改善临床症状的作用     

硫酸镁辅助治疗重度新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病的疗效观察

目的 研究硫酸镁辅助治疗重度新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病(HIE)的临床疗效.方法 重度HIE足月患儿34例,随机分为硫酸镁治疗组(A组17例)和对照组(B组17例),30例轻中度HIE患儿作为C组.A组在常规治疗基础上加用硫酸镁100 mg/(kg·d),疗程5～7 d;B、C组患儿如血清镁低于0.6mmol/L补充硫酸镁50mg/(kg·d)共3 d.观察意识、肌张力、原始反射恢复时间;14d给予新生儿20项神经行为测定(NBNA)检查.结果 (1)治疗前A、B两组与C组相比血清钙离子[(1.31±0.36 mmol/L)、(1.40±0.52)mmol/L和(1.63±0.42)mmol,L]、镁离子[(0.75±0.23)mmo/L、(0.81±0.16)mmol/L vs(1.06±0.27)mmol/L]水平显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).治疗后A组血清钙、镁离子水平明显提高,与C组比较差异无统计学意义;B组血清镁离子水平较治疗前仍有继续下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义.(2)A组较B组患儿意识、肌张力及原始反射恢复时间明显缩短,与C组比较恢复时间偏长.14 dNBNA评分A组总分较B组明显改善(P＜0.05),与C组比较差异无统计学意义.A组NBNA各单项评分除主动肌张力外,行为能力、被动肌张力、原始反射及一般评分均较B组明显改善、与C组比较差异无统计学意义.结论 HIE患儿的血清钙、镁水平降低与病情严重程度有关,并随着病情好转而改善.加用硫酸镁治疗的重度HIE患儿血清镁上升快,同时临床恢复加快、神经功能改善明显.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.