Smoking prevalence in the United States and Taipei City, Taiwan

Although there are extensive antismoking efforts in the United States, smoking is a largely ignored health issue in Taiwan. In fact, tobacco advertising has increased dramatically since U.S. tobacco was first imported in 1987. We compared estimates of smoking prevalence of 83,281 Americans and 5,023 persons in Taipei, Taiwan, in 1986-1988. Among men, current smoking prevalence was higher in Taipei (49%) than in the United States (29%). In contrast, former smoking prevalence among men was substantially lower in Taipei (5%) than in the United States (32%). Young adults and those with lower and middle education levels had the highest smoking prevalence in both surveys. Among women, the current smoking prevalence was only 8% in Taipei, compared to 25% in the United States. The former smoking prevalence among Taipei women (1%) was also lower than among U.S. women (18%). Our findings indicate the need for expanding antismoking efforts in Taiwan, especially among men and among persons with lower and middle education levels.     

舟山地区男性渔民群体脂肪肝患病率及其危险因素流行病学调查

目的:明确舟山地区渔民群体脂肪肝的患病情况及主要危险因素。方法:通过随机多级分层整群抽样方法对舟山男性渔民进行调查。结果:3246名渔民脂肪肝检出率为24.37%。酒精性、可疑酒精性、非酒精性脂肪肝占脂肪肝的比例分别为38.05%、14.54%、47.41%。青年组、中年组、老年组的脂肪肝患病率分别为14.87%、32.73%、25.30%,两两之间均存在统计学意义(P<0.01)。脂肪肝组的高血压等患病率及空腹血糖等生化指标均高于非脂肪肝组(P<0.01)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、高血脂症、2型糖尿病、高血压、饮酒均为脂肪肝发病的危险因素(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:中老年渔民脂肪肝的患病率较高,渔民群体中年龄、饮酒、糖脂代谢紊乱与脂肪肝的关系更为密切。     

Effects of changing risk factors on increasing asthma prevalence in southern Taiwan

The study sought to identify factors with consistent relationships with the prevalence of asthma and postulate causes for the increasing prevalence. Reduplication of prevalence surveys was conducted among children of similar ages (6-12 years) from the same area (Tainan City, Taiwan). A total of 7523 primary school children from 1993 and 7224 from 1997 participated in the study. The reported prevalence of diagnosed asthma increased from 6.46% in 1993 to 8.45% in 1997 (relative risk 1.31, 95% CI 1.16, 1.47). Among all environment- and heredity-related factors examined, only four showed consistent relationships with childhood asthma, and all appeared to be a related hereditary condition. Dander allergy is the only factor that increased correspondingly with the prevalence of childhood asthma; therefore, it seems to be the most likely key factor responsible for the increasing trend. The investigation of the interactive effects imposed by the environment- (dander exposure) and heredity-related (atopic sensitisation) factors are recommended for further studies.     

合肥市农村地区高血压患病情况及危险因素分析

目的 了解合肥市农村地区居民高血压患病情况及其危险因素。方法 整群抽取合肥市6个农村乡镇12个自然村，对15岁以上常住居民进行调查，测量血压、身高、体重。结果 调查人群高血压标化患病率为13．2％，患病率随年龄增高而升高；高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为41．6％、28．7％、11.1％；农村高血压主要影响因素有年龄、体质指数（BMI）、高血压家族史、吸炯年限、婚姻状况、性别、睡眠时间、体力活动及蔬菜日食用量等。结论 合肥市农村地区高血压患病率较高。降低BMI值、戒烟、良好的睡眠、适当的体力活动和常食用蔬菜等是预防高血压发病的重要环节。     

Risk factors for unfavorable outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults in Taipei, Taiwan

This study was undertaken to identify factors associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Taipei, Taiwan in 2007-2008. Taiwanese adults with culture-positive PTB diagnosed in Taipei during the study period were included in this retrospective cohort study. Unfavorable outcomes were classified as treatment default, death, treatment failure, or transfer. Of 1616 eligible patients, 22.6% (365) had unfavorable outcomes, mainly death. After controlling for patient sociodemographic factors, clinical findings, and underlying disease, independent risk factors for unfavorable outcomes included advanced age, unemployment, end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis, malignancy, acid-fast bacilius smear-positivity, multidrug-resistant TB, and notification from ordinary ward or intensive care unit. In contrast, patients receiving directly observed treatment, and with a high school or higher education were significantly less likely to have unfavorable outcomes. This study advanced our understanding by revealing that a high school or higher education might lower the risk of an unfavorable outcome. Our results also confirmed the risk factors for unfavorable outcomes shown in previous research. Future TB control programmes in Taiwan should target particularly high-risk patients including those who had lower educational levels.     

Reliability of self-reported behavioural health risk factors in a South Australian telephone survey

OBJECTIVE: To test the reliability of telephone health survey questions. METHOD: A telephone survey on mental health of South Australians in 1997 was re-administered to a random sub-sample of 102 respondents between 32 and 79 days after the original survey. RESULTS: Demographic questions (age, gender, number of adults and children in the household) showed the highest reproducibility and were almost perfect. Questions regarding health risk factors, such as smoking and drinking behaviour, showed substantial to almost perfect agreement. Co-morbidity variables were substantially reproducible where prevalence estimates were not close to zero. CONCLUSIONS: The results were comparable to findings from similar studies associated with the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in the United States. The study suggests that the telephone health survey instrument used in South Australia is reliable for estimating health conditions and behaviours in the population.     

上海市南汇区脑卒中干预队列人群基线调查

目的了解脑卒中危险因素暴露和脑卒中患病率,描述其分布特征.方法1999年3月,以整群抽样的方法选择上海市南汇区35岁及以上的287 708人进行脑卒中危险因素和脑卒中患病率的基线调查,分析脑卒中患病率和危险因素的暴露率及其分布特征.结果高血压、心脏病和糖尿病的患病率依次为17.79%、2.52%和0.83%,超重和阳性家族史分别为48.46%和2.94%,总体暴露水平女性高于男性;脑卒中的患病率为491.2/10万(男566.4/10万,女425.8/10万);全区25个镇,患病率最高759.9/10万,最低236.0/10万.结论上海市南汇区脑卒中患病率低于全国平均水平,危险因素暴露水平女性高于男性.     

北方农村地区心血管病危险因素调查与高血压患病分析

目的 了解北方农村地区心血管病危险因素暴露情况,分析高血压危险因素,为农村心血管病防治提供科学建议.方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法,分别抽取北京市顺义区、甘肃省榆中县、吉林省东丰县3个县区,每个县区抽取4个村,调查年龄≥35岁常住人口.使用统一方法收集血压、血脂、体重、抽烟等相关资料,共得到有效样本3 250例.结果 3县区年龄≥35岁人群心血管病危险因素高血压患病率、吸烟率、超重率、肥胖率、血脂异常率和糖尿病患病率标化后分别为27.7％、25.9％、34.6％、14.8％、54.3％和6.7％.女性肥胖率和血脂异常率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(均有P ＜0.05).北京地区高血压患病率、超重率、肥胖率和糖尿病患病率高于其他两地.3县区高血压患病率主要危险因素为年龄、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)和糖尿病.结论 北方农村地区心血管病危险因素暴露严重,不同地区、不同性别之间存在差异(均有P＜0.05),需确定重点人群积极防治.     

温州市10社区居民高血压病现状及危险因素的流行病学调查

目的了解温州市35岁以上居民高血压病患病现状及相关危险因素,为制定高血压病防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,抽取年龄在35周岁以上居民13 507人,随机抽样的调查方法进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。结果温州市35周岁以上居民高血压病患病率为40.28%,高血压病患病率男性高于女性(P=0.00),高血压病患病率有随年龄增高而上升的趋势;高血压病知晓率、服药率、控制率、治疗者血压控制率分别为51.25%,28.32%、10.53%、22.10%。多因素非条件logistic回归显示高血压病的危险因素为超重肥胖、文化程度低、糖尿病、口味重、经常饮酒等。结论高血压病已成为影响35岁以上居民身体健康的重要公共卫生问题,要加强社区综合干预工作,有效防控高血压病以及心脑血管疾病的发生发展。     

岱山县海岛渔农村居民高血压现状及危险因素流行病学调查

目的：了解海岛渔农村居民高血压患病情况和相关危险因素,为制定高血压防治策略提供科学依据。方法：采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,抽取岱山县18岁以上渔农村居民1149人,进行高血压患病情况调查,并对高血压患病的影响因素进行单因素和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果：海岛渔农村18岁以上居民高血压患病率为21．58％,标化率14．43％;其中男性患病率20．56％,标化率13．23％;女性患病率22．38％,标化率15．52％,男女性差异无统计学意义（X2=0．55,P〉0．05）。高血压患病率有随着年龄的增大而上升的趋势;高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为60．48％、43．95％和25．81％。多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示年龄、高血压家族史、高甘油三酯、高总胆固醇、糖尿病和超重或肥胖为高血压危险因素。结论：海岛渔农村居民的高血压患病率低于全国基本患病率,但知晓率、治疗率和控制率仍较低。要加强社区综合干预工作,有效控制高血压及心脑血管疾病的发生发展。     

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Toxocariasis among College Students in Taipei City,Taiwan

Background: Infection by Toxocara spp. is known to be significantly associated with partial epilepsy. It has become popular for people to raise dogs/cats as pets and consume roasted meat/viscera, and the status of Toxocara spp. infection, epilepsy awareness, and associated risk factors among the general population are currently unknown in Taiwan. Methods: A seroepidemiological investigation among 203 college students (CSs), consisting of 110 males and 93 females with an average age of 21.5 ± 1.2 years, was conducted in 2009 in Taipei City. A Western blot analysis based on excretory-secretory antigens derived from Toxocara canis larvae (TcESs) was applied to determine the positivity of serum immunoglobulin G antibodies. A self-administered questionnaire was also given to obtain information about demographic characteristics, epilepsy awareness, and risk factors. A logistic regression model was applied for the statistical analysis using SPSS software. Results: The overall seropositive rate of Toxocara spp. infection was 8.4% (17/203). As to epilepsy awareness, a non-significantly higher seroprevalence was found in CSs who claimed to "know" about epilepsy compared to those who did not know (P > 0.05). Conclusions: It appears that appropriate educational programs are urgently needed to provide correct knowledge related to the prevention and control measures against Toxocara spp. infections to avoid potential threats by this parasite to the general population in Taiwan.Key Words: Toxocara spp., Western blot, Epilepsy awareness, College students, Taiwan     

入托前儿童贫血患病率调查及其危险因素分析

目要了解入托前儿童贫血患病情况及其危险因素。方法对９８２例１．５～６岁儿童进行血红蛋白检查及家长填写入园调查表。结果（１）贫血总患病率为３９．６％,各年龄组以１．５岁组最高（４６．１％）。（２）早产儿患病率６８．５％;出生后６个月未添加辅食者５２．１％;反复感染者８２．７％;营养不良者７７．４％;挑食及偏食者患病率５５．５％。结论出生时早产、６个月未及时添加辅食、反复感染、营养状况较差者贫血患病率较高。贫血以１．５岁时达高峰     

泉州海员高血压病患病率及影响因素调查

目的 了解国际海运交通员工高血压痛的患病率及影响因素,保障船员身心健康,为进一步进行高血压防治和采取干预措施提供理论依据.方法 2008年1月-12月对泉州出入境人员中交通员工共4919人.进行健康体检,并采用匿名自填问卷的方式对其进行高血压相关知识的问卷调查.结果泉州出入境人员中交通员工高血压痛总患病率为23.00...     

Prevalence,characteristics, and work-related risk factors of low back pain among hospital nurses in Taiwan: A cross-sectional survey

Background  

Low back pain is a common health problem among hospital nurses. However, the prevalence, characteristics, and work-related risk factors of low back pain have not been widely investigated in Taiwan.     

北京地区中老年人群脑卒中及其危险因素现况调查

目的 调查北京地区中老年人群脑卒中及其危险因素。方法 2011年11月至2012年8月采用面对面方式,在北京市石景山区的3个社区进行以社区人群为基础的横断面调查。共调查≥40岁居民19 145（男性6 732,女性12 413）人。采用标准调查问卷,根据已建立的标准方法对所有受试者进行体格检查。对于无糖尿病病史的调查对象行75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验,对于既往有糖尿病病史者行标准馒头餐试验。测定FPG、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和糖负荷后2 h血糖。结果 调查地区男性中老年人群脑卒中患病率为4.8%,女性为2.5%,总患病率为3.3%。根据2010年北京市人口普查,标化患病率分别为3.9%、2.5%和3.2%。与脑卒中发病的相关危险因素中,男性吸烟率为45.2%,超重/肥胖、高血压、高血糖、血脂异常患病率分别为60.4%、52.7%、51.5%和64.6%;在女性分别为2.2%、55.1%、42.2%、45.6%和67.4%。结论 北京地区中老年人群脑卒中患病率为男性高于女性,男性吸烟率明显高于女性,男性超重/肥胖、高血压和高血糖的患病率均高于女性。     

山东某高校新生高血压患病情况调查及危险因素分析

目的调查曲阜师范大学新生高血压患病情况,分析影响高校新生高血压患病的危险因素。方法以9 617例曲阜师范大学医院入学体检的新生作为调查对象,自制调查问卷调查所有新生的姓名、性别等一般资料,测量所有新生的血压,分析我校新生高血压患病情况,采用非条件Logistic回归分析对患病危险因素进行多因素分析。结果共44例新生体检查出高血压,患病率为0.46%;χ~2检验结果显示,性别男、生源地为城镇、有高血压家族史、高BMI、熬夜、无体育锻炼、有吸烟、有喝酒高校新生高血压患病显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,饮酒、性别、高血压家族史、BMI、熬夜和吸烟是高校新生高血压患病的危险因素,OR值分别为4.633、2.107、5.666、5.985、3.800、5.114,而体育锻炼是其保护因素。结论我校新生高血压患病率较低但仍不可忽视,影响高校新生高血压患病的危险因素众多,学校卫生部门要对可改变的危险因素进行干预,以预防高血压进一步发展给高校学生带来的危害。     

Social exclusion experienced by older adults: factors for designing healthcare settings in Taipei,Taiwan

Research has demonstrated that social exclusion can lead to negative implications on an individual’s health status. In response to the need to examine health disparities among the older adult populations, this study explores social exclusion issues faced by older Taiwanese adults as a predictive factor to healthcare. The 80-item Social Inclusion/Exclusion Scale was developed and validated with input from 327 older adults recruited from 40 social service agencies in Taiwan. Findings suggest that to improve the overall health status among older Taiwanese adults, healthcare reforms must aim to increase social inclusion levels through a better understanding of five factors at both the service provider and individual levels: 1) knowledge of service provisions, 2) depression, 3) individual autonomy, 4) types of care home, and 5) gender-sensitive practice.     

温州市城区居民高血压现状及相关因素流行病学调查

[目的]掌握温州市城区居民高血压患病及相关知识认知度情况。[方法]采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,对城区3个社区中的35岁以上居民4 001人作问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。[结果]温州市城区35岁以上居民高血压患病率为41.76%,高血压患病率男性高于女性（P=0.00）;高血压知晓率、服药率、控制率分别为54.94%、83.44%、10.53%。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,高血压的危险因素为男性、高年龄、文化程度低、超重肥胖、不常吃肉类和蛋类、糖尿病等;对高血压的危害性及危险因素知晓率较低。[结论]温州市城区居民高血压患病率高,知识掌握率低,需加强社区综合干预工作,开展高血压健康教育和健康促进活动,有效防控高血压。     

四川阿坝地区高原藏族代谢综合征患病率及危险因素调查

目的 调查四川省阿坝地区高原藏族人群代谢综合征流行状况及危险因素。方法 通过多阶段分层随机抽样,调查阿坝地区海拔高于1500米地区18～80岁的藏族居民,收集代谢综合征相关指标,分析危险因素。结果 阿坝地区高原藏族人群的代谢综合征检出率为31.95%,其中男性37.87%,女性23.43%（〖XC小五号.EPS;P〗值为34.7,P<0.001）。多因素分析结果显示,男性患代谢综合征风险是女性的1.79倍（95%CI:1.45,2.21）,超重者患MS的风险是体重正常者的4.1倍（95%CI:1.06,15.8）,肥胖者患MS的风险是体重正常者的17.48倍（95%CI:4.49,68.07）。结论 阿坝地区高原藏族人群的代谢综合征检出率高于国内平均水平,尤其是超重肥胖患者和男性人群,是防控的重点对象。