联合应用内淋巴囊减压和局部激素治疗难治性梅尼埃病的短期与长期疗效分析

目的 探讨内淋巴囊减压联合经面隐窝鼓室内激素注射以及内淋巴囊表面覆盖激素明胶海绵治疗难治性梅尼埃病的短期与长期临床效果。 方法 回顾分析针对难治性梅尼埃病进行手术治疗的23例患者资料。手术方式在传统内淋巴囊减压的基础上,开放面隐窝,并在圆窗周围放置明胶海绵,鼓室内注射激素,同时在内淋巴囊表面放置明胶海绵并在乳突内注射激素。比较患者治疗前6个月与术后6~12个月(短期疗效),以及术后18~24个月(长期疗效)的眩晕发作次数以及平均听阈水平(500、1 000、2 000 Hz)。 结果 23例患者完成短期疗效评价,术后眩晕发作次数由(5.7±5.9)次(术前6个月)降至(0.4±1.0)次(术后6~12个月),眩晕控制率为87.0%。术后听力维持率为95.7%。13例患者完成长期疗效评价,术后眩晕发作次数由(4.2±2.6)次(术前6个月)降至(0.1±0.3)次(术后18~24个月),眩晕控制率为92.3%,术后听力维持率为100%。 结论 内淋巴囊减压联合局部激素治疗对于保守治疗无效的难治性梅尼埃病具有良好的眩晕控制率和听力维持率,值得推广。     

难治性梅尼埃病手术控制眩晕的远期疗效观察

目的：观察难治性梅尼埃病手术控制眩晕的远期疗效。方法：施行内淋巴囊手术或经迷路进路前庭神经切断术治疗难治性梅尼埃病５４例,其中长期接受随访、资料完整者１２例。结果：随访８￣１３年,６例前庭神经切断术患者示再发作眩晕;６例内淋巴囊手术者,３例眩晕症状完全控制,３例基本控制。结论：肉淋巴囊手术及经迷路进行前庭神经切断术为控制难治性梅尼埃病患者眩晕的有效手段,对于有适应证的患者经迷路进路前庭神经切断术控     

梅尼埃病两种内淋巴囊手术方式的远期疗效观察

目的：评估与比较内淋巴囊乳突腔分流术（EMS）和内淋巴囊减压术（ESD）治疗梅尼埃病（MD）的远期疗效。方法：1994—06—2007—07采用内淋巴囊手术治疗原诊断为MD的患者59例,其中EMS34例,ESD25例,选择诊断符合MD诊断依据和疗效评估标准,术后2年以上、随访资料完整的23例24耳（分流术12例13耳,减压术11例11耳）进行回顾性总结。结果：EMS组12例13耳,随访3～14年,眩晕A级完全控制者9耳,B级基本控制4耳;ESD组11例11耳,随访2-14年,术后眩晕A级8耳,B级2耳,C级1耳。EMS组听力B级1耳（7．7％）,C级6耳,D级6耳;ESD组听力B级2耳（18．2％）,C级4耳,D级5耳。2组眩晕控制和听力改善差异无统计学意义。结论：EMS和ESD都是治疗MD的有效方法,对眩晕症状的控制效果满意,临床分期中晚期患者仍有疗效。     

梅尼埃病手术治疗的探讨

目的：探讨不同手术治疗梅尼埃病的临床疗效。方法：对21例梅尼埃病患者行内淋巴囊减压术．9例行乙状窦后前庭神经切断术，并进行随访观察。结果：术后经3～6年随访，内淋巴囊减压组眩晕完全控制11例，基本控制4例，部分控制4例，未控制2例。前庭神经切断组眩晕均得到完全控制。结论：内淋巴囊减压术仍然是手术治疗梅尼埃病的首选方法，但对内淋巴囊手术治疗无效或严重眩晕失去工作能力者．应考虑采用前庭神经切断术。     

Outcome-Based Assessment of Endolymphatic Sac Surgery for Meniere's Disease

This study reports the preliminary results of an outcomes approach to analysis of the effectiveness of endolymphatic sac decompression (ELSD). Using the medical outcomes survey's 36-item, shortform health survey (SF-36), we assessed the quality of life in 33 patients with disabling Meniere's disease undergoing ELSD for medically intractable vertigo. Results indicate that patients with 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery(AAO/HNS) class A or B outcomes showed no significant difference from population norms on the SF-36, whereas patients with AAO/HNS classes C to E outcomes scored significantly below norms. Six patients who were given the SF-36 preoperatively scored consistently below population norms. Postoperatively, they showed a statistically significant improvement and were statistically equal to norms. These findings suggest that the SF-36 is a good measure of the quality of life impairment in patients with disabling Meniere's disease. In addition, SF-36 scores correlated well with the 1995 AAO/HNS classification.     

Endolymphatic sac drainage and steroid-instillation surgery (EDSS) for intractable Meniere's disease

Endolymphatic sac surgery is one of the most widely accepted techniques used to treat intractable Meniere's disease. To improve this surgery, we developed the following techniques: A simple mastoidectomy was used to expose the endolymphatic sac between the sigmoid sinus and inferior margin of the posterior semicircular canal. The sac was opened and filled with a mass of prednisolone. A bundle of absorbable gelatin films was then inserted into the sac lumen to expand it, followed by gelatin sponges dipped in a high concentration of dexamethasone. Long-term results (17-32 months) in 20 patients with intractable Meniere's disease treated with endolymphatic sac drainage and steroid-insertion surgery (EDSS) showed that definitive spells were completely controlled in 15 of 20 cases (75%); all reports of vertigo decreased; hearing improved in 12 of 20 cases (60%); and annoyance due to tinnitus decreased in 15 of 20 cases (75%). Steroids directly instilled into the endolymphatic cavity may thus be more effective with the diseased inner ear organs than those applied via any other route. Draining of endolymphatic fluid at the sac into the mastoid cavity also contributed to these satisfactory EDSS results.     

Effects of endolymphatic sac drainage with steroids for intractable Meniere's disease: a long-term follow-up and randomized controlled study

OBJECTIVE: Meniere's disease is a common inner ear disease with an incidence of 15 to 50 per 100,000 population. Since Meniere's disease is thought to be triggered by an immune insult to the inner ear, we examined intraendolymphatic sac application of steroids as a new therapeutic strategy for intractable Meniere's disease. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled study. METHODS: Between 1996 and 2005, we enrolled and assigned 197 intractable Meniere's patients to three groups in a randomized controlled trial: Group I (G-I)- patients who underwent endolymphatic sac drainage and steroid-instillation; Group II (G-II)-those who underwent endolymphatic sac drainage without steroid-instillation; and Group III (G-III)-those who declined endolymphatic sac drainage. Definitive spells and hearing in all three groups were determined for 2 to 7 years after treatment. RESULTS: According to the 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) criteria, 2-year results demonstrated that vertigo was completely controlled in 88.0% of patients in G-I (n = 100), 85.1% of patients in G-II (n = 47), and 8.0% in G-III (n = 50). Statistically, G-I = G-II>G-III. Hearing was improved in 49.0% of patients in G-I, 31.9% in G-II, and 6.0% in G-III (G-I>G-II>G-III). Results after 7 years showed that vertigo was completely controlled in 78.8% of patients in G-I, 79.2% in G-II, and 25.0% in G-III (G-I = G-II>G-III). Hearing improved in 36.5% of patients in G-I, 8.3% in G-II, and 0.0% in G-III (G-I>G-II = G-III). CONCLUSIONS: From non-surgical observation in G-III for at least 7 years after treatment, steroids instilled into endolymphatic sac in G-I patients significantly improved hearing in intractable Meniere's patients, more so than endolymphatic sac drainage without steroids in G-II patients.     

显微镜下内淋巴囊引流术治疗梅尼埃病(附12例报告)

目的 探讨内淋巴囊引流术治疗梅尼埃病的手术方法和疗效。方法 对12例梅尼埃病的病人行显微镜下内淋巴囊引流术,并进行了术后随访。结果 随访结果表明,按疗效评定标准,A级3例;B级5例;C级3例;D级1例。有效率91.67％。结论 内淋巴囊引流术是治疗梅尼埃病的有效的保留听力的手术方法,值得临床推广应用。     

半规管阻塞加内淋巴囊减压治疗顽固性梅尼埃病

目的：探讨三个半规管阻塞加内淋巴囊减压治疗顽固性梅尼埃病的疗效,并总结手术要点。方法中晚期单侧梅尼埃病患者14例,术前0．25、0．5、1、2 kHz 骨导听阈35～65 dB HL;14例均在全麻下完成内淋巴囊减压术,同时磨开三个半规管骨质成骨性小窗,以软组织填塞半规管管腔;术后随访3～18月,评估患者眩晕控制情况以及听力、耳鸣的变化。结果14例均顺利完成手术,术后均无面瘫及脑脊液漏,除1例失访外,余13例均未再发生眩晕;8例听力较术前无变化,5例语言频率平均骨导听力较术前下降10～15 dB;10例耳鸣无变化,1例耳鸣变为偶发,2例耳鸣加重。结论半规管阻塞加内淋巴囊减压术对中、晚期梅尼埃患者中短期眩晕控制良好,但内淋巴囊减压并不能缓解半规管阻塞引起的听力损失风险。     

梅尼埃病的手术疗效分析

目的比较前庭神经切断及内淋巴囊手术治疗梅尼埃病效果。方法将所有梅尼埃病患者根据听力及生活质量情况进行分期;根据分期情况予以非手术治疗以及内淋巴囊减压或引流术、前庭神经切断术。分析手术治疗梅尼埃病患者病史特点、手术情况;对于手术满24个月以上的梅尼埃病患者进行术前术后的眩晕、听力及生活质量等疗效评价。结果手术治疗梅尼埃病共77例患者79次手术(1例双侧梅尼埃病患者接受左右各1次内淋巴囊减压术;另1例双侧梅尼埃病患者接受了左侧前庭神经切断术及1次右侧内淋巴囊减压术),其中内淋巴囊手术34次,前庭神经切断术45次。术后24个月的眩晕控制率为:内淋巴囊手术73%,前庭神经切断术100%。结论内淋巴囊减压或引流术可以减轻患者眩晕、改善患者的生活质量;前庭神法。     

内淋巴囊引流术治疗梅尼埃病的远期疗效

目的评估内淋巴囊引流术治疗梅尼埃病的远期疗效。方法选择1987年3月至2004年9月住院的接受内淋巴囊引流术治疗的梅尼埃病患者共26例，对随访2年以上、资料完整的18例进行了回顾性总结。其诊断和疗效评价均依据1996年中华医学会耳鼻咽喉科学分会和中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志编辑委员会制订的梅尼埃病诊断依据和疗效分级标准。结果18例患者随访2～13年，其中2～5年2例，≥5年16例；平均9．28年。18例患者术后眩晕A级（完全控制）9例（50％），B级（大部分控制）8例（44．4％），D级（加重）1例（5．6％）；耳鸣消失2例（11．1％），减轻9例（50％），无效7例（38．9％）；耳闷胀感消失10例（55．6％），无效8例（44．4％）；听力提高（A＋B级）6例（33．3％），无明显变化（C级）4例（22．2％），下降（D级）8例（44．5％）。手术后均无面神经麻痹、脑脊液瘘、出血、切口感染等并发症。结论内淋巴囊引流手术是治疗梅尼埃病安全有效的方法，大部分病例术后听力得以保存。     

Surgical treatment of Menière's disease since Thomsen

The effects of Thomsen's 1981 report of a controlled double-blind study on the surgical treatment of Meniere's disease were studied by reviewing the current literature and Thomsen's subsequent reports. The current surgical literature was found to contain reasonable support for the continued use of endolymphatic shunt procedures despite the criticism of such procedures by Thomsen. Surgical therapy for Meniere's disease continues to be divided into auditory sparing or conservative procedures and auditory ablative or destructive procedures. Conservation procedures are important because approximately 30% of patients with Meniere's disease progress to bilateral involvement. Endolymphatic sac procedures continue to be classified as conservative. Important findings in the current literature are reports of long-term follow-up of patients after sac surgery. These question the long-term control of hearing loss but support the use of the procedure due to its low morbidity and consistent control of vertigo. Other authors have described the different types of endolymphatic procedures and confirm their equal effectiveness. The results of middle fossa and retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy were also reviewed, and its continued control of vertigo were affirmed. The increased number of severity of complications (compared with endolymphatic shunt procedures) were noted. Finally, a strategy for surgical treatment of Meniere's disease, beginning with the patient with uncontrollable vertigo, is presented.     

小剂量庆大霉素鼓室内注射治疗难治性梅尼埃病眩晕的临床研究

目的：分析小剂量庆大霉素鼓室内注射治疗难治性梅尼埃病眩晕的疗效。方法：19例单侧难治性梅尼埃病患者显微镜下鼓室内注射庆大霉素,根据床旁试验（自发性眼震、摇头实验、甩头试验）,听力变化或患者主观症状来决定3周后是否需要再次注射。结果：19例患者中17例眩晕能得到控制,眩晕控制率89％,其中5例患者经1次注射后眩晕就得到控制;8例患者2次注射后眩晕达到控制,其中1例患者因不能忍受耳内肿胀感,要求进一步治疗,行内淋巴囊减压后,症状缓减;有4例患者经3次注射后眩晕得到控制;另外2例患者注射2次后眩晕无改善,要求终止治疗。2例患者注射后听力好转,14例患者注射后听力无变化,3例患者（15％）注射后听力进一步下降。结论：运用小剂量鼓室内庆大霉素注射治疗难治性梅尼埃病眩晕,1次注射后观察3周决定再次注射的必要性,结果显示这一治疗方案既能有效控制眩晕的发作,又能降低听力损伤的风险。     

Triple semicircular canal occlusion for the treatment of Ménière's disease

CONCLUSION: Triple semicircular canal occlusion (TSCO) controls vertigo, is easy to perform, and could be used as an alternative procedure for the treatment of Meniere's disease in selected patients who complain mainly of intractable vertigo. OBJECTIVE: To seek an effective alternative surgical procedure for treating Ménière's disease in selected patients with intolerant rotational vertigo. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three patients with Ménière's disease who underwent unsuccessful endolymphatic sac decompression or mastoid shunt, then underwent TSCO. Vertigo control and vestibular and auditory function were measured. RESULTS: The early vestibular symptoms caused by surgery resolved quickly and no hearing deterioration occurred after surgery. At the end of the follow-up period, based on the AAO-HNS criteria, two cases had complete control of vertigo (class A) and the other had substantial control of vertigo attacks (class B). Hearing was similar to the preoperative level at the end of the follow-up period.     

Endolymphatic sac surgery for Menière's disease

A series of fifteen patients with intractable vertigo from Meniere's disease were treated by endolymphatic sac surgery. Thirteen of the fifteen patients were followed up for more than 6 months with an average of 16 months. Eight of the 13 patients relieved from vertigo and 3 improved. While in half of the patients the tinnitus and pressure feeling were diminished or vanished, only one patient demonstrated a 13 dB hearing loss. The surgical indication for Ménière's disease, the location of the endolymphatic sac and the evaluation of the endolymphatic shunt operation were discussed.     

Endolymphatic sac surgery: methods of study and results

Surgery of the endolymphatic sac (ELS) in classical Meniere's disease has fallen under attack and has been abandoned by some surgeons. We studied our results for vertigo and hearing in 83 patients undergoing surgery of the ELS for intractable classical Meniere's disease. Half of the patients were completely free of definitive attacks at 2 years; another quarter experienced substantial control. Three fourths noted an improvement in their level of disability. Results for vertigo were sustained at longer follow-up intervals. Nineteen percent had revision surgery (usually retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy) for intractable vertigo within 2 years of the sac operation. The 1985 reporting method of the American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery was found superior to previous methods because it specified a meaningful follow-up interval, used a graded scale accounting for partial success in treatment, and separated results for vertigo and hearing. Nevertheless, optimal use of the method in the future will require prospective reporting and a concerted effort to avoid confusion between definitive attacks of true vertigo and adjunctive vestibular symptoms. Even though the mechanism of the beneficial effect of sac surgery is unknown, we have found it useful in the control of disabling vertigo.     

Innovar treatment for Meniere's disease.

Patients with intractable vertigo due to clinical Meniere's disease were offered treatment with Innovar, a neurolept analgesic. The patients were from a single clinical practice, had failed conventional dietary and medical treatment and were eligible on clinical grounds for endolymphatic sac surgery. After a follow-up of 2-8 years, 58% of patients had long-lasting relief of vertigo. Hearing was not affected. Risk factors for a favorable response were male gender, fluctuating hearing, and early stage of the disorder. Innovar is a safe, cost-effective second-line therapy for patients with Meniere's disease who have failed conventional first-line medical therapy.     

Clinical long-term effects of surgical treatment for intractable Meniere’s disease: a more than 13-year follow-up after pressure treatment and further surgical treatment for intractable vertigo

Abstract

Background: Meniere’s disease appears to be a complex inner ear disorder and also remains a controversial and often difficult disease as regards determination of diagnosis, pathogenesis and especially optimal treatment.

Aims/objectives: To investigate the long-term effects of progressive surgical treatment in the management of the vertigo attacks of intractable Meniere’s disease.

Material and methods: Eighteen patients with medically intractable and active Meniere’s disease were opted to try Meniett pulse generator (Meniett), endolymphatic sac decompression (ESD) and triple semicircular canal occlusion (TSCO) in order to control the attacks of vertigo. Patients were indicated on the symptom report card the maximum level of vertigo, activity and stress.

Results: Of 18 patients with medically intractable and active Meniere’s disease during mean 165-month follow-up, the attacks of vertigo were effectively controlled in 14 patients by Meniett (77.78%), 2 patients by Meniett and ESD (11.11%), 2 patients by Meniett, ESD and TSCO (11.11%).

Conclusions and significance: It is of great importance for intractable Meniere’s disease to select surgically combined treatment process including Meniett, ESD and TSCO to effectively control the attacks of vertigo and a long-term follow-up.     

Surgical management of special cases of intractable Meniere's disease: unilateral cases with intact canals and bilateral cases

If a clinician seeks to allow patients with vertigo to return to work as soon as possible, it is very important to determine the appearance of vestibular symptoms during convalescence just after treatment, as well as the long-term results. Apprehensive patients with vertigo may undergo severe psychological torment if treatment requires long-term rest in bed before they can return to daily life. In this paper, we observed postoperative vestibular symptoms (subjective sensation and objective nystagmus) in 50 patients with intractable Meniere's disease, including cases from our previous preliminary report, during the period of convalescence just after endolymphatic sac drainage and steroid instillation surgery (EDSS). All symptoms were eliminated within 8 days after EDSS. There was no significant difference in the duration of any vestibular symptoms between bilateral (n = 8) and unilateral cases (n = 42). This result indicates that EDSS could be as safe a treatment for bilateral Meniere's disease as for unilateral disease. In unilateral cases with intact semicircular canal function (n = 17), postoperative evoked vestibular sensation, positional, and positioning (Dix-Hallpike) nystagmus disappeared significantly earlier than in those with canal paresis (n = 25). This result indicates that EDSS could keep the vestibular peripheral function of patients with unilateral Meniere's disease with intact canals quite stable after surgery. Therefore, EDSS could be recommended as an initial, less-invasive surgical treatment for intractable Meniere's disease, especially in unilateral cases with intact canals and in bilateral cases.     

Three new surgeries for treatment of intractable Meniere's disease

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the rationales for and preliminary results of three new types of surgery for the treatment of intractable Meniere's disease, all involving insertion of a capillary tube into the endolymphatic duct. This study also aimed to compare the contrasting surgical strategies of endolymphatic sac enhancement versus sac supplantation. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The study design was a retrospective review of 129 surgeries conducted by the author at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital since 1993: 51 cases of Huang/Gibson inner ear shunt implantation, 52 cases of intraductal capillary tube implantation (ICTI), and 26 cases of ICTIin combination with endolymphatic sac ballooning surgery (ESBS). PATIENTS: This study is limited to patients with classic Meniere's disease whose vertiginous symptoms were disabling and refractory to dietetic and medical treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of preoperative and postoperative conditions (e.g., vertigo control, hearing, disability) using American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) 1985 criteria and chi-square statistical method was measured. RESULTS: After 1 year of follow-up, use of the Huang/Gibson shunt resulted in a 94.1% vertigo control rate (complete or substantial) and fairly good hearing results, ICTI by itself resulted in an 88.5% rate of vertigo control and relatively unremarkable hearing results, and the ICTI in combination with ESBS (ICTI/ESBS) achieved a vertigo control rate of 96.1% in addition to good hearing results. CONCLUSIONS: The 1-year follow-up results for Huang/Gibson shunt implantation and sac-preserving ICTI/ESBS have approximately duplicated the excellent performance of the Arenberg implant after the same follow-up period, perhaps attributable in part to enhancement of endolymph flow through the endolymphatic duct.